Antimicrobial, herbicidal and antifeedant activities of mansonone E from the heartwoods of Mansonia gagei Drumm.

Two new acylated flavonol glycosides from Mimosa pigra L. leaves sub-family Mimosoideae

This study is aimed to evaluate the of antipyretic, antinocieptive and sedative effects of Tribulus terrestris, Mimosa pigra and Alkanna tinctoria methanolic extracts. The methanolic extracts of Mimosa pigra and Alkanna tinctoria showed significant antipyretic and sedative effects. None of the extracts showed any antinociceptive effects. The maximum fall in body temperature was 3.9 - 4.3 °C and occurred 45 minutes after injection of the extracts.

Phytotoxic effect of Haldina cordifolia on germination, seedling growth and root cell viability of weeds and crop plants

Torrefaction of invasive alien plants: Influence of heating rate and other conversion parameters on mass yield and higher heating value

Mimosa pigra, an alien woody weed, invaded the Mekong River Basin since ~1970 and now covers vast floodplain areas in virtual monocultures. The prickly plants produce abundant seeds which are dispersed annually by the floods. Mimosa thus represents a burden to farming communities in Cambodia where agricultural capacities are weak. To obtain information on infestations as well as farmers’ management practices and perceptions, 81 farmers were interviewed on their fields (using questionnaires) in affected areas near Kratie municipality. Data on infestations were collected at landscape and field levels. Furthermore, villagers’ groups and key informants were interviewed (open questions). Infestations covered ~30 % of the land near fields. On average, farmers spent 11 days per hectare annually clearing mimosa. The weed represented a major cost, but other issues (animal pests, water shortages, lack of resources) were equally important; these may be connected with mimosa invasion. Farmers mostly expressed support for ideas to combat surrounding infestations, but support depended on experiences and assets at stake. Most were unconvinced that mimosa could be eliminated from the study site. Conceivable benefits of mimosa were regarded as insignificant. Given the currently few realistic options for significantly improving management, further research is suggested within adaptive management frameworks.

Trypanocidal efficacy of two indigeneous ethanolic plant extracts (Mimosa pigra and Ipomoea asarifolia) against Trypanosoma evansi phospholipase A2 activity

BackgroundMimosa pigra is an invasive weed in some regions of South East Asia and Australia. Our previous study has revealed that a cyanobacterium, Nostoc sp., extract can inhibit root growth in M. pigra seedlings. In this study, some physiological processes involve oxidative stress-mediated cell death and root ultrastructure were investigated to clarify the mechanisms of root growth suppression and bioherbicidal potential of the extract.ResultsNostoc sp. extract enhanced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 24 h, the intensity of red fluorescence increased at 72 h, and caused a slightly increased H2O2 consistent with the activation of scavenging enzymes (catalase, ascorbic acid peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and peroxidases). This suggests that oxidative stress occurred in the presence of the extract which was supported by increased cell death and lipid peroxidation at 24 h. Reduction of malondialdehyde content and an increase in cell death at 72 h indicated oxidative damage and cellular leakage. Ultrastructural changes were determined at 72 h by scanning electron micrographs which confirmed the damage of epidermal and root cap cells and the disaggregation and destruction of root tip cells. Transmission electron micrographs showed the dissolution of the middle lamella, deposition of some substances in vacuoles, and abnormal mitochondria (swollen mitochondria and indistinct cristae).ConclusionsNostoc sp. extract enhance oxidative stress by ROS production resulting in lipid peroxidation and massive cell death despite the activation of antioxidative enzymes. Understanding mechanism of action of Nostoc sp. extract will provide information for application of the extract to use as natural herbicide for control of M. pigra.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40529-014-0081-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The phytotoxic effects of leaves and seeds from Annona squamosa extracts on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds and Mimosa pigra were evaluated. A. squamosa leaf dichloromethane extracts reduced germination and seedling growth of lettuce seeds. In field study, A. squamosa leaf dichloromethane extracts was applied on M. pigra after growing. Fresh weight of M. pigra was decreased with increasing concentrations of leaf dichloromethane extracts. These results suggest that dichloromethane extracts from leaves of A. squamosa may have growth inhibitory substances. Thus, our study indicated that leaf dichloromethane extracts have phytotoxic activity which could be utilized as bioherbicide for future weed control.

Current advancements in the study of the theoretical basis of species interactions are helping scientists understand the basic parameters governing the dynamics of the interactions between generalist herbivores and their target plants. In practice, however, both inter- and intra-specific interactions between plants (as well as between herbivores and plants) within multispecies systems that are under the influence of interrelated biotic and abiotic variables are difficult to predict. Here, we discuss our findings on the effect of simulated herbivory on Mimosa pigra L. leaves on seedling survivability. In Malaysia, M. pigra, a semi-aquatic invasive plant introduced from the South American region, is already creating an ecological problem, especially in wetland habitats. To better understand the impact of herbivores on the M. pigra population, a simulated experiment of the herbivory effect on Mimosa seedlings was conducted. This experiment combined two treatments of simulated herbivory on the leaves of established Mimosa seedlings, that is, a two-level intensity treatment (50 and 100 % defoliation) and a seven-level frequency treatment (one to seven defoliations). The data suggest that Mimosa is highly resilient against herbivory. This plant was able to compensate for repeated losses, thus suggesting that the introduction of herbivores in an effort to totally eradicate the Mimosa population is unlikely to be successful.

Burkholderia mimosarum strain LMG 23256T is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant). LMG 23256T was isolated from a nodule recovered from the roots of the M. pigra growing in Anso, Taiwan. LMG 23256T is highly effective at fixing nitrogen with M. pigra. Here we describe the features of B. mimosarum strain LMG 23256T, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 8,410,967 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged into 268 scaffolds of 270 contigs containing 7,800 protein-coding genes and 85 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of 100 rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project.

In industrial applications like cellulosic biofuel production, efficient degradation of cellulose is one of the major concerns. But the efficiencies of cellulose degradation by different types of biofilms are not yet explored. This study was carried out to determine whether the community actions of fungal-bacterial biofilms may increase the rates of cellulose bio-degradation. Cellulolytic fungi and bacteria were isolated from soils, composts and leaf litter and screened for simple sugar production. To identify efficient sugar producing communities, combinations of these isolates were tested in batch cultures of cellulose broth prepared with commercial cellulose. Three different communities; fungal and bacterial monocultures, fungal-bacterial biofilms and fungal mixed cultures were tested. The monoculture of Acremonium sp. was the highest sugar yielder among all tested microorganisms. Among fungal mixed cultures, Acremonium sp. with Fusarium sp. was an effective sugar yielder. Acremonium sp. with a Bacillus sp. was effective among fungal-bacterial biofilms. These three cultures were also inoculated into broth media prepared with Eupatorium odoratum or Panicum maximum or Lantana camara or Mimosa pigra to assess their simple sugar production from plant materials . The highest sugar production was by Acremonium sp. monoculture and the lowest was by the Acremonium sp. with Bacillus sp. biofilm. This was true for all four weeds. Thus, all the fungal-bacterial biofilms tested were comparatively less effective sugar producers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v41i2.5710 J.Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2013 41 (2):155-163

Extract from Mimosa pigra attenuates chronic experimental pulmonary hypertension

High light (2000 μmol/m²/s), heat (40 oC), and CO2 deficiency were used to investigate photoinhibition of Mimosa pigra L. leaves. The results showed that high light caused the increase of stomatal conductance, CO2 fixation, O2 emission, non-photochemical (qN) and electron transport rate (ETR) of Mimosa pigra L. leaves. Leaves Fv/Fm ratio (Demonstrates the ability of PSII to perform photochemistry) slightly decreased under high light and recovered in the dark condition. Heat did not affect on stomatal conductance, CO2 fixation, qN, ETR and Fv/Fm but reduced O2 emission. CO2 deficiency stimulated the increase of stomatal conductance and qN but inhibited CO2 fixation, ETR and decreased Fv/Fm. High light (từ 1600 μmol/m²/s) and heat (từ 39 oC) in nature together caused strong O2 emission from Mimosa pigra L. leaves.

It is increasingly acknowledged that invasive plant management, although a significant global issue, is a matter of coexistence rather than control. Nevertheless an adversarial rhetoric dominated by discourses of war and winning persists. This paper focuses on the bodies of plants, the animals with which they become entangled, and the humans who are charged with eradicating them. Plants help to rethink bodily difference beyond the human, extending feminist theories that have contributed to increased recognition of nonhuman difference. Bodies are a barely acknowledged scale of invasive plant management, which is usually conceptualised in landscape terms. Our empirical focus is the eradication of three species in northwestern Australia: Mimosa ( Mimosa pigra), Gamba Grass ( Andropogon gayanus), and Neem ( Azadirachta indica). By paying attention to plant difference and illuminating the experience of invasive plant managers, we show how eradication manages the intersecting timespaces of different bodies in order to stop plants becoming collectives. We identify contradictions in the regulation and application of borders, which are less permeable for some animals than for all humans. We also draw attention to the questions of risk—for humans and others—in the process of killing plants. For embodied geographies, a plant perspective opens up new ways of thinking about bodily boundaries: in particular the individual/collective divide. The implication for invasive plant management is that, even at the eradication end of the spectrum, effective management is an uncertain process that involves living in association with invasive plants rather than living separately from them.

Larvae of the clearwing moth, Carmenta mimosa (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), bore into the trunk of Mimosa pigra L., which is one of the most invasive weeds in Vietnam. GC-EAD and GC-MS analyses of a pheromone gland extract revealed that the female moths produced (3Z,13Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate. A lure baited with the synthetic acetate alone successfully attracted C. mimosa males in a field test. While the addition of a small amount of the corresponding alcohol did not strongly diminish the number of captured males, a trace of the aldehyde derivative or the (3E,13Z)-isomer markedly inhibited the attractiveness of the acetate. The diurnal males were mainly attracted from 6:00 am to 12:00 am.

The impact of invasive plant species in national parks and forests in Vietnam is undocumented and management plans have yet to be developed. Ten national parks, ranging from uncut to degraded forests located throughout Vietnam, were surveyed for invasive plant species. Transects were set up along roads, trails where local people access park areas, and also tracks through natural forest. Of 134 exotic weeds, 25 were classified as invasive species and the number of invasive species ranged from 8 to 15 per park. An assessment of the risk of invasive species was made for three national parks based on an invasive species assessment protocol. Examples of highly invasive species were Chromolaena odorata and Mimosa diplotricha in Cat Ba National Park (island evergreen secondary forest over limestone); Mimosa pigra, Panicum repens and Eichhornia crassipes in Tram Chim National Park (lowland wetland forest dominated by melaleuca); and C. odorata, Mikania micrantha and M. diplotricha in Son Tra Nature Conservation area (peninsula evergreen secondary forest). Strategies to monitor and manage invasive weeds in forests and national parks in Vietnam are outlined.

The neotropical rust Diabole cubensis was introduced as a biological control agent against the weed Mimosa pigra in the Northern Territory during the period 1996–1999. It was thought to have failed to establish as it had not been observed since then. In 2011, D. cubensis was detected on M. pigra plants on the Finniss River and Daly River floodplains, 12 years after its introduction. In 2012, the fungus was also detected on the Mary and Adelaide River floodplains. Details of these findings, a description and illustrations of the rust fungus are included.

The survey conducted in the lower section of the Dai Ninh river (Duc Trong district, Lam Dong province) recorded 98 species, 74 genera, and 42 families of vascular plants, for example, Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta and Magnoliophyta. Of those, there are 56 species (57.1% of the total) considered as medicinal plants, food, ornamentals, etc. Life forms of the plants are divided into six groups including herbs, shrubs, big trees, small trees, water plants and lianas. These are six habitats in the survey area, each characterized by a dominant type of vegetation: Polygonum spp., Eichhornia crassipes, Bambusa bambos, Panicum spp., Morus alba - Mimosa pigra and farm crops.

The phytochemical of Leguminosae family is well documented. Various types of flavonoids, isoflavones, coumarins and phenylpropanoids have been described in this family, most of them proceeding as defense chemicals or signal compounds. Phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, were found in large quantities in plants of this family, and exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the presence of phenolic compounds in extracts of 60 plants of the Leguminosae family by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaluate the antifungal activity of 36 of them. Compounds that showed the highest frequency were flavonoids isovitexin (23%), vitexin (20%) and luteolin (16%). In the antifungal study, none of the 36 plants showed activity against yeasts. The species Eriosema heterophyllum, Chamaecrista nictitans and Mimosa pigra had a wider spectrum of action against the dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum. The species M. pigra showed low values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), around 1.9µg/mL. After fractionation it was found that the dichloromethane fraction is the most active. M. pigra could be a promising species for treatment of dermatomycoses.