Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp. and Toxoplasma gondii infections and their relationship with milk production in goats from Argentina.

Factors influencing the selection of Rhipicephalus microplus resistance to acaricides.

Isolation, characterization, and dairy application of a novel bacteriophage fBSPA4 against Salmonella enterica.

Engineered hybrid electrode for endocrine disruptor detection in milk products

Infestation rate of bovid short nose lice (Haematopinus tuberculatus) among different breeds of buffaloes and associated risk factors in rural farming of Pakistan.

Leveraging smart technologies to enhance safety in milk and milk-based products

Metagenomics insights into the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculation on the microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in mare milk.

Inactivation of avian influenza virus in yogurt made from raw milk.

Women with spinal cord injuries are capable of lactation but physiologic changes affect their experience. The goal of this scoping review was to characterize, synthesize, and evaluate the current evidence on lactation and breastfeeding among women with spinal cord injuries to inform care practices, highlight gaps in knowledge, and guide the development of interventions to improve lactational outcomes and wellbeing during this process. A scoping review was performed to assess the existing literature and identify knowledge gaps. Four databases were searched up to February 11, 2025 to identify documents of original research that included mothers with spinal cord injuries and addressed lactation or breastfeeding. The final review included four conference abstracts and three articles for a total of seven documents. Three conference abstracts and one of the articles utilized the same data set collected from a set of online questionnaires. Four themes were identified. Barriers and complications to breastfeeding mainly involved insufficient milk production, impaired let-down reflex, and episodes of autonomic dysreflexia. Lactation duration and reasons for cessation were directly affected by the level of spinal cord injury. Other themes identified include an impact on mental health and the limited knowledge about reproductive health for women with spinal cord injuries. There is a significant lack of research and information available on lactation in women with spinal cord injuries. Clinicians and researchers must work together to continue to address deficits in this topic. Furthermore, multidisciplinary teams are necessary to support breastfeeding for these women.

The objective of this research work was to determine the yield, texture, and quality of artisan goat cheese produced in a housed and extensive grazing production system in northern Mexico. Milk from ten adult local goats, at the beginning of lactation, with an average weight of 42±2.25 kg and 2.5 births, randomly distributed in two treatments (housed n=5 and grazing n=5), was used to make cheese. The goats had an adaptation period of 14 days and were milked manually for 28 days. Yield, texture, chemical composition (concentration of fat, protein, moisture, salt, and total solids), and fatty acid profile of the cheese were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed as a repeated measures design with the MIXED procedure. The fatty acid profile was analyzed by one-factor ANOVA with the GLM procedure and the comparison of means was performed with Tukey’s test (p<0.05). There were differences between treatments, with higher values (p<0.05) under the housed system for milk yield, cheese yield, fat concentration (22.281 %), protein (20.173 %), total solids (45.162 %), salt (0.966 %), saturated fatty acids (p<0.001), and textural parameters (p<0.05). Under grazing, there was an increase in conjugated linoleic (p<0.001), cis-10-heptadecanoic (p=0.001), heptadecanoic acid (p=0.001), acid oleic (p<0.001), elaidic (p<0.001), and α-linolenic (p<0.001) acids. It is concluded that the extensive grazing production system offers better benefits regarding nutritional quality of cheese, highlighting conjugated linoleic acid and milk fat, although with a negative effect on milk production. By linking product quality to husbandry practices and breed resources, the research provides an evidence base for reinforcing traditional cheese making as a driver of economic resilience, cultural continuity, and agro ecosystem sustainability in northern Mexico.

Measurement of haptoglobin after the time of dry-off and effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administered on the day of dry-off to Holstein dairy cows.

The article presents the optimal characteristics of RSM-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of Lakadong turmeric in the soy milk system. Either pepper or a combination of 6-herbs as adjuvants were considered for improved palatability of the in-situ prepared liquid soy milk-based turmeric extracts (SMTE). Microwave power (W) and heating time (min) were systematically varied. In these investigations, curcumin and anti-oxidant activity (AA) were evaluated as the response variables. Non-linear quadratic models were affirmed by RSM. Statistical analysis confirmed upon the adequacy of the models with higher R 2 values, significant model terms (p < 0.05), and lower errors. Pareto charts revealed the terms with significant influence on the response variables. The optimized process parameter combinations, as obtained from numerical optimization, were 450 W, 7.0 min for powder-based and 450 W and 10 min for paste-based liquid SMTEs. For these conditions, the highest combination of curcumin (14.755–17.154 mg/100 mL) and AA (119.820−135.011%) was achieved for the liquid SMTEs. The RSM-associated MAE-based turmeric milk products’ development has been successful to infer upon the functional dairy products. However, the conducted study can only be utilized as a generic framework for the integration of plant-based bio-actives into the plant-based matrices and with the household appliances.

The current cattle reference genome, derived from a single Hereford cow, does not capture the full spectrum of genetic diversity present within the species. Moreover, detecting structural variations (SVs ≥ 50 nucleotides long) remains challenging using only standard approaches of either short or long-read sequence approaches against a linear reference genome. Recent advances in long-read sequencing technologies and graph-based assembly now enable the construction of breed-specific pangenomes, revealing previously uncharacterized genomic regions that may contribute to important agricultural traits. In this study we constructed a cattle pangenome graph using 16 high-quality haplotype-resolved genome assemblies originating from nine breeds representing the diversity of French cattle populations, and including yak (Bos grunniens) as a close outgroup species. Using a trio-based strategy combined with complementary sequencing technologies and bioinformatics methods, we identified and characterized 101,219 structural variations. Of these, 33,634 were classified as non-reference unique insertions (NRUIs), adding several megabases of novel genomic sequences absent from the current Hereford reference genome. Analysis of the distribution of these NRUIs revealed significant genome-wide enrichment within QTL regions associated with milk production and morphological traits, suggesting their contribution to the genetic basis of economically relevant phenotypes. Furthermore, their functional annotation highlighted two NRUIs located within the intronic regions of ARMH3 and EPHA5, both specific to the Normande breed and significantly associated with milk production and morphological traits, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the value of pangenome approaches to uncover functionally relevant SVs, particularly NRUIs, that are systematically not in the current reference genome. By linking these variants to economically important traits, our work underscores the need to incorporate breed diversity into future genomic analyses and reference-building efforts in cattle.

Goat reproductive performance is a key determinant of the productivity and economic value of goat farming, especially in meat and milk production. In a previous study, to investigate the genetic basis of prolificacy, we divided goats into groups according to their consistent reproductive performance (producing either single kids or twins) over five consecutive kidding cycles, and performed whole-genome resequencing and RNA-seq analysis on their ovarian tissues. Through integrated analysis, we identified three candidate genes-IGF2BP1 (insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1), CDC25A (cell division cycle 25A), and RXFP2 (relaxin family peptide receptor 2)-as potential key regulators of reproductive capacity. Using goat ovarian granulosa cells, we systematically assessed the impact of each gene through gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Overexpression of IGF2BP1 promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis, underscoring its role in maintaining cellular viability. Conversely, its knockdown significantly impeded growth and induced cell death. Similarly, CDC25A enhanced granulosa cell proliferation, whereas its knockdown led to marked growth impairment and increased apoptosis. Proliferation was also enhanced by RXFP2 overexpression but impaired upon its knockdown, suggesting that RXFP2 is functionally important for follicular development. Collectively, these findings establish IGF2BP1, CDC25A, and RXFP2 as fundamental regulators of granulosa cell dynamics and ovarian follicular development, providing crucial functional insights and promising targets for genetic selection to enhance reproductive efficiency in goats.

Our strain of inbred PVG-RT7b (PVG.7b) rats was at risk of failing to be maintained owing to frequent neonatal death. Only 23.5% of mothers succeeded in nurturing their offspring at the first parturition. Furthermore, mothers failing to nurture their offspring at first parturition also failed in the second one. Here, we investigated the cause of frequent neonatal deaths in PVG.7b rats. Exchanging newborn offspring between PVG.7b and Wistar-Imamichi (WI) rats. resulted in 80.0% of WI mothers succeeding in nurturing PVG.7b offspring, whereas only 18.2% of PVG.7b mothers succeeded in nurturing WI offspring. These findings indicate that the neonatal mortality of PVG.7b is due to maternal factors rather than inherent offspring issues. Additionally, we examined the mammary glands of PVG.7b immediately after the second parturition. PVG.7b rats, which initially failed to nurture, exhibited normal mammary gland development and milk production after the second birth. These results suggested that neonatal death is due to maternal behavior. Moreover, we investigated the nurturing ability of PVG.7b rats nurtured by WI foster mothers (PVG.7b Infant/WI) or born and nurtured from WI recipients after embryo transfer (PVG.7b ET/WI). Only 26.1% of PVG.7b Infant/WI mothers succeeded in nurturing their offspring, compared to 63.6% of PVG.7b ET/WI mothers. However, only 20.0% of PVG.7b mothers born and nursed by PVG.7b ET/WI succeeded in nurturing their offspring. These results suggest that the fetal environment influences the nurturing ability of PVG.7b rats.

This study evaluated the impact of incorporating citrus pulp (CiP) into the rations of high-producing dairy cows under tropical conditions. Eighteen lactating dairy cows were assigned to two dietary treatments: corn meal (CM) or CiP as the main energy source. Dairy cows were allocated to a crossover design comprising two 21-day periods. The rations were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Replacing CM with CiP reduced the intakes of dry matter (19.9 vs. 19.5 kg/d), organic matter (17.9 vs. 17.4 kg/d), digestible organic matter (12.3 vs. 11.7 kg/d), and crude protein (3.43 vs. 3.35 kg/d), while increasing neutral detergent fibre intake (7.39 vs. 7.63 kg/d). Apparent total tract digestibility decreased for all nutrients, including DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF, when CiP replaced CM. Milk production was lower in cows fed CiP than in those fed CM (23.7 vs. 22.7 kg/d), although milk feed efficiency (milk/DMI) was not different. An economic analysis showed that cows fed CM had higher milk gross income and income over feed cost. These results suggest that the partial replacement (60%) of CM with CiP may negatively affect feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production, and profitability in dairy cows in tropical regions.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of summer calving on reproductive performance, milk yield, and culling risk in U.S. organic dairy herds. Data were obtained from the Dairy Herd Improvement records of 434 organic dairy herds across 31 states, comprising 287,927 calving records from 2018 to 2022. Calving months were categorized as winter, spring, summer, or fall. Mixed models were used to analyze the 305 d milk yield, 305 d energy-corrected milk yield, peak milk DIM, peak test-day milk yield and logistic regression, and survival analyseswere applied to analyze calving difficulty, abortion, pregnancy diagnosis, and culling outcomes. Cows calving during summer had fewer days to first service and fewer days open compared with cows calving in other seasons; however, their odds of being diagnosed as pregnant were significantly lower. Summer-calving cows produced lower 305 d milk and energy-corrected milk yields, reached peak milk production later, and had a lower peak test-day milk yield. Calving during summer was also associated with increased odds of calving difficulty and a higher risk of culling. These findings indicate that summer calving poses distinct challenges for organic dairy cows, with cumulative effects on fertility, milk production, and survivability, underscoring the need for season-specific management strategies in organic dairy systems.

The production of A2 milk and its use in dairy products processing are driven by potential health benefits related to the absence or reduced release of β-casomorphin-7, an opioid peptide generated from β-casein hydrolysis during digestion. Although the release of higher concentrations of β-casomorphin-7 has been consistently reported following the digestion of isolated A1 β-casein and milk containing A1 β-casein, the impact of complex dairy matrices on this peptide release remains underexplored. This study evaluated the peptide profiles of yogurts produced from milks with different β-casein genotypes (A1A2 and A2A2) during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The release of β-casomorphin-7 was observed in both products' digestion, but differences in peptide profiles were observed along the β-casein sequence, extending beyond the site of the A1/A2 amino acid substitution.

Dairying is a vital pillar of the rural economy of Punjab, complementing crop-based systems with high milk production (14 million tonnes) and exceptional per capita availability (1245 g/day). The study investigated fresh milk supply chains across three agro-climatic zones using primary data from 180 dairy farmers and 100 intermediaries, comparing organised and unorganised channels. Five major supply chains were identified, varying in structure, price realisation and efficiency. SC-I recorded the highest producer share (97.87 per cent), the lowest price spread (?1.20/litre) and the highest efficiency (46.03), whereas cooperative-based (SC-V) had the lowest producer share (80.80 per cent), the highest price spread (?12.29/litre) and the lowest efficiency (4.48). Intermediary layers reduce farmers’ returns, and advocates targeted interventions such as cold-chain infrastructure, cooperative logistics, and digital platforms to streamline the dairy supply chain and enhance farmers’ profitability.

Introduction: Breast milk production is regulated by prolactin and oxytocin, and oxytocin massage is known to facilitate milk ejection. To address limitations of manual stimulation, an electromagnetic-assisted oxytocin massage device (PIONER) was developed to support postpartum mothers in improving breast milk flow. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the PIONER device in improving breast milk production indicators among postpartum breastfeeding mothers. Methods: A quasi-experimental repeated-measures design was conducted involving 10 postpartum breastfeeding mothers selected using purposive sampling from three community health centers in Ternate City. PIONER-assisted oxytocin massage was administered on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9, twice daily for 10 minutes. Breast milk adequacy indicators urination frequency, defecation frequency, breastfeeding frequency, infant sleep duration, and infant weight were measured on days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA (Greenhouse–Geisser correction) with a significance level of ? = 0.05. Results: Significant time-based differences were observed for urination frequency (F = 13.500, p = 0.005), defecation frequency (F = 25.839, p &lt; 0.001), and infant weight (F = 45.375, p &lt; 0.001). No significant changes occurred in breastfeeding frequency or sleep duration. Confidence intervals could not be calculated because raw standard errors were not available. Conclusion: PIONER effectively improved indicators of breast milk production, particularly urinary and fecal output and infant weight gain, with no adverse effects observed during the study. Larger controlled studies are recommended to strengthen generalizability.