Military Projects Research Articles

Long-range and high-precision localization method for underwater bionic positioning system based on joint active–passive electrolocation

Active electrolocation organ of weakly electric fish act as a proximity detection system with high accuracy in recognizing object parameters such as size and shape. In contrast, some fish with passive electrolocation organ are able to detect objects at a greater range. This paper proposes a joint active–passive electrolocation algorithm for long-range and high-precision underwater localization, inspired by the active and passive electroreceptive organs of fish. The study begins by designing a large experimental platform for the underwater localization system to investigate the response of underwater objects to active and passive electric fields. Based on the response, the paper proposes separate underwater active and passive electrolocation algorithms, which are then combined to form a joint algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves high localization accuracy and long detection distance. The joint active–passive electrolocation algorithm has potential applications in submarine resource exploration, underwater robotics, and maritime military projects, while also providing new ideas for future research on long-range underwater object detection and identification based on electrolocation.

군 초급간부 인력위기 극복을 위한 군 특성화고 운영 활성화 방안

The purpose of this study was to propose a plan to revitalize the operation of the military specialty high school project through a literature survey and empirical analysis of one military specialty high school in order to overcome the manpower crisis of military noncommissioned officers. The results of the study are as follows. First, in conjunction with the national defense manpower policy, the military specialization and operation project should be continuously promoted. Second, it should develop cooperative governance with local governments, education offices, and local communities, and expand student recruitment across the country. Third, it is necessary to design the evaluation items related to the achievement of the objectives of the military specialization high school operation project in detail from planning to program operation, and evaluate whether the purpose of training military technical personnel is being achieved. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a strategy for attracting and promoting new students, and strengthen student life guidance and career counseling. Fifth, it is necessary to reorganize the military specialization department and add a curriculum and establish a dedicated team.

The characteristics of successful military IT projects: a cross-country empirical study

In the armed forces, successful digitalization is crucial to ensure effective operations. Much of the existing literature on project factors during the planning and execution phases of public IT projects do not focus specifically on military sector projects. Therefore, the paper aims to provide empirical insights into the characteristics of successful military IT projects. Data from such projects in NATO countries and agencies were collected through interviews and project documents. The findings relating to the main variable of interest, “delivery of client benefit,” supported previous findings on IT project performance. Medium-sized projects performed better than small and large projects, and the agile development method delivered more client benefit than traditional methods. Client involvement apparently had a positive effect on project success. Clearly specified objectives had a statistically significant effect on project success in terms of clients’ benefits. The paper contributes to the gap in research on military IT projects and broadens the project management literature’s focus on time and cost to include delivery of client benefit as a success variable. The use of cross-country data provided unique insights for academics and practitioners regarding which project characteristics affect the successful development and adoption of new software by the armed forces.

Strategic visibility: architectures of data colonialism in Las Vegas

This article articulates the continuity between past and present infrastructural development in Las Vegas by focusing upon the materiality and visual cultural expression of the Google Henderson NV data center. The political implications and interstate dynamics at play in the development of this data center are historicized, focusing on large-scale tech and military projects that characterize the region’s development. Google’s promise that a data-driven future would be accompanied by social and economic benefits for the Las Vegas community lies in stark contrast to the reality of its data center’s function. The strategic adoption of Google’s vision by key local and state officials, alongside the data center’s material embodiment as visually abstract and camouflaged, allows the facility to avoid scrutiny and teaches us about the evolving position of labor in a post-Fordist economy, particularly with regard to housing and employment.

Development and Application of Intelligent Test Data Management Platform of Military Product Model Project

This paper first introduces the composition of the intelligent test data management platform of military product model project, which has the functions of data file management, acquisition, tagging, pre-processing, archiving, intelligent analysis and judgement, etc. Then the software module design of the platform and the main functions of each module are described. Finally, the advantages of the platform, such as easy operation, practicability, expansibility, easy management, easy maintenance and intelligentization, and the problems that need to be optimized are discussed.

Editorial

Editorial

Cyber Espionage of F-15 Fighter Jet Data Impact To U.S. – China Relations

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of cyber espionage activities related to the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Military Project on the relationship between the United States and China. Allegations of Chinese espionage activities first surfaced in the public sphere in early 2015. German media Der Spiegel published a number of pieces of information confirming the result of a data breach by subcontractor Lockheed Martin that allowed China access to classified data on the F35. Cyber espionage is often carried out in order to achieve the national interests of a country in the military, political and economic fields. China's practice of cyber espionage against the United States is also an effort to fulfill its national interests. This study used qualitative methods with data collection techniques through literature study, review of books, journals, newspapers, internet media, and as well as other references. After the data that has been collected is classified according to the problems that have been identified, then it is continued by carrying out systematic content analysis and comparison with information, so that it can answer the problems raised. The results of the study show that the United States and China have not issued significant policies or cooperation in maintaining their cyber security, because they do not want bilateral relations in the economic field to be disrupted due to the data hacking incident. They only agreed that they would not carry out data hacking sponsored or assisted by their respective governments. They are reluctant to issue policies that punish one of them because they want to maintain bilateral relations for a long time, especially in the economic field.

A quarry for the construction of a Roman camp next to the Celtiberian city of Deza during the Sertorian Wars (Soria, Spain)

Through an interdisciplinary investigation, a hastily exploited individual quarry of limestone is studied. The quarry was made all at once for the construction of a nearby military camp to improve the defence of a remarkable Celtiberian city during the Sertorian Wars. This is a perfect Roman military engineering project: on the one hand, the geological deposit was exploited selectively, differentiating the areas of extraction of large and small blocks of stone, according to the needs of the work. On the other hand, the material was transported by means of small roads along a carefully studied and laid out road of about 600 m in length and of clear Roman origin. The archaeological evidence shows the existence of a large camp that, according to previous surveys, adopts the known classical models of rectangular plans and the typology of Roman construction. In the camp environment, there are enough scattered remains that seem to point to a battlefield. All this indicates the importance of the primitive Celtiberian settlement, which is justified by an analysis of the territory by the existence of springs of high guarantee for human water supply, livestock and irrigation. The existence of silver mines is another added economic value. Due to the predominance in the monetary findings of the mint of Titiakos, the possibility is raised that the Celtiberian city was linked to the ethnic group of the Titos indicating their active participation during the Sertorian Wars.

Defender of the Nation, Champion of Science: The Agency for Defense Development as a Nexus for the Technological Transformation of South Korea

Abstract The Agency for Defense Development (ADD) has functioned as South Korea’s central institute for weapons research and development (R&D) since 1970, when it was established by the Park Chung Hee regime (1961–79). As argued in this article, this quasi-private, quasi-public military institute also fostered major advancements of science and technology during the transformative decade of South Korea’s “militarized industrialization,” the 1970s, with a lasting impact on the private sector and business relations with the state. Drawing from in-person interviews with living scientists who worked on military projects of the Park state, as well as official records of the ADD and recently declassified government documents, the article tells the story of the ADD’s founding and details how, as a key player in Park’s pursuit of security independence, the agency spurred technological innovation and industrialization. Through weapons development, the ADD localized R&D, facilitated technological collaboration, established quality control and standardization methods within corporations, and enhanced the scientific workforce with advanced training, altogether promoting the scientization of the Korean private sector. By merging state and business efforts, and by combining military with civilian strengths, the ADD led a process of national scientization and technological governance that still operates at the heart of Korean economic growth today.

Denmark in the Arctic: Robbing Peter to Pay Paul or Feeding the White Elephant?

Denmark's Arctic policy and its perspective regarding the prospects of resuming peaceful cooperation with Russia are largely determined by the limited resources it is capable of assigning to maintaining and improving the quality of its Arctic presence and by the relationship with the key ally – the United States, which continue to pay increasing attention to the Arctic region. The modest Danish defense budget and the need to allocate substantial resources to modernize and develop of naval forces in the Baltic Sea makes Denmark more prone to peaceful cooperation with Russia in the Arctic, as large-scale investments in the militarization of the region are simply not the option for Denmark. It is likely that Denmark will seek to align its Arctic initiatives with Washington’s Arctic vision as much as possible, but avoid costly military initiatives and projects in the region.

Application Research of Mind Mapping in Aerospace Military Project Management

Mind mapping is an important graphic thinking tool at present, which can show the objective intuitively and has strong logicality. The rational application of mind map in aerospace military project management can also show strong value. This paper focuses on the effective application of mind map in aerospace military project management, which can be used for the future project management level.

지속가능한 군유휴지 활용방안 연구

This study derived a plan to utilize the military idle area using the FGI analysis method of experts. The analysis results are as follows. First, the problems of the military idle use project are the collection of opinions of local residents and the weakness of the legal system. Second, it is a plan to utilize the military idle area. As for the land use method, it is possible to consider sale, exchange, transfer, and repayment in lieu. It is appropriate to introduce the public development method of local governments and counties, the BTL method, and the BTO method for the promotion of military idle land projects. The plan to secure the profit structure of the military idle utilization project is to create profits by developing cultural spaces, developing them into local attractions, and developing them into local industries and tourist attractions. Third, other measures and suggestions are to legislate the issue of soil contamination and disposal of obstructions in military idle land utilization projects. Policy implications are the formation of regular councils of the public and private forces reflecting local opinions, utilization of geospatial information, improvement of legal systems such as soil pollution and obstruction handling issues in military idle areas, and establishment of a platform for the military idle area utilization project.

국방비리 근절 및 투명성 강화를 위한 제도개선 소요 연구

Defense corruption is a malignant illegality that interrupts the construction of normal military forces and endangers national security, and its impact is enormous considering our military situation facing North Korea. Although there have been numerous efforts to eradicate corruption, as corruption cases related to military projects continue to occur, public demand for fundamental measures to end them is increasing. The causes of corruption can be classified in various ways, such as institutional, structural, social, cultural, and personal factors, but this study was conducted under the recognition that in order to block defense corruption, systematic loopholes that cause corruption should be supplemented first in order to block defense corruption. Accordingly, domestic and foreign studies on systematic vulnerabilities that cause corruption were analyzed, and based on this, the systematic factors of corruption were divided into three areas: ‘information asymmetric corruption’, ‘power corruption’, and ‘practical corruption’. It diagnoses the root cause of corruption by type of corruption and proposes specific and practical measures to improve the system, such as “revision of laws and administrative rules” to improve it.

Military terms in the modern war films: translation issues

The study explores the military lexicon used in the modern war movies, such as “1917”, “Fury”, “Dunkirk”, “Hacksaw Ridge”, “Unbroken”, “Journey’s End” and “Midway”. The article examines military terms of modern-day war films as well as specialized methods of the interpretation of military lexicon into the translated language. The study discusses military terms and phrases as a key element of the movies’ and suggests its own classification of analysed material. According to their official definitions, their conceptual and semantic meaning, military lexical units are sorted out into the following lexical semantic groups: “Nominations of military way of living” (24%), “Nominations of military professional terms” (31%), “Nominations of military positions, groupings and ranks” (26%), “Military commands” (15%) and “Nominations of enemy’s army soldiers” (4%). The translation of the military lexicon used in the films, which is implemented by Ukrainian interpreting companies, requires thorough approach in the aspects of translating highly specialized vocabulary of an audiovisual product and adapting it in accordance with the context. The article reveals that 51% of the material analysed in the research is translated with the use of complete equivalents – lexical units that coexist in both languages and carry the same semantic meaning. The other part of the lexicon explored is interpreted with the help of translation transformations such as modulation (25%), adaptation (8%), generalization (3%), omission (1%), joining (2%), and transliteration (3%). Additionally, the research determines another group of cases of the language units’ specific interpretation, when jargon words and collocations are applied in the target language (7%). The study’s discussion will contribute to improvements of the further studies of lexicology and terminology of the military branch, thus defining semantic classification of the military language units, dealing with the methods of translation transformations, and selecting the most appropriate translational variations of a particular lexical unit with no accurate equivalents. The material analysed in the article can be used for translating military lexicon in the war films and military projects as well as for studying linguacultural and sociolinguistics studies.

4,4′-Bis(trinitromethyl)-3,3′-azo/azoxy-furazan: High-energy dense oxidizers

Finding a chlorine-free, environmentally friendly, high-energy dense oxidizer with a high heat of formation as an alternative to ammonium perchlorate (AP) has remained an extremely challenging task in the field of energetic materials. In the present work, two organic oxidizers, 4,4′-bis(trinitromethyl)-3,3′-azofurazan (8) and 4,4′-bis(trinitromethyl)-3,3′-azoxyfurazan (10), were designed and synthesized via a two-step reaction from 3-amino-4-(carboxymethyl)furazan. Their structural features were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and several theoretical techniques. Both of the newly synthesized organic oxidizers (8 and 10) exhibit positive oxygen balances, high densities, poor solubility in water, decent thermal stabilities, acceptable mechanical sensitivities, extremely high heats of formation, and excellent detonation performances. The best specific impulses are obtained for the environmentally friendly oxidizers 8 and 10 with calculated values of 273.9 s and 275.9 s, respectively, in a composite propellant consisting of 77 % oxidizer, 9 % aluminium, and 14 % binder. Both of these exceed the specific impulse (263 s) of the currently widely used oxidizer AP in the similar composition. Oxidizers 8 and 10 are expected to have promising applications as high-energy dense oxidizers for various scientific, space, and military projects.

Margaret Hilda Thatcher. 13 October 1925—8 April 2013

A politician of global stature in the late twentieth century, Margaret Thatcher (née Roberts) studied chemistry at Oxford University during World War II and worked as an industrial scientist in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Entering Parliament in 1959, she served as Secretary of State for Education and Science under Edward Heath in the early 1970s. In 1979 she became not only the UK's first female Prime Minister but also the first with such a scientific background. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1983, under Statute 12, she oversaw significant changes in science policy and her administration faced many major political issues that depended on scientific advice, notably the AIDS crisis, biomedical uses of human embryos, decisions over civil and military nuclear projects, acid rain, and climate change.

Nur mit Papier, Feder und Wachs

Summary Only with Paper, Pen and Wax. The Lawyers of Emperor Henry VII in Italy between Legal Practice and Political Advice This article examines the role of the learned jurists and judges at the “Italian court” of Emperor Henry VII (1308 – 1313) as legal practitioners and political advisors on the basis of a contemporary text, the so-called “Consilium” written by the court judge Milanzo. This text, written in the spring of 1313, shows Milanzo in dialogue with the emperor and his closest circle of advisors. Milanzo not only answers to open legal questions, but also presents the emperor with his own plan for an important political and military project: to integrate the city of Venice into the Empire “only with paper, pen and wax”. This plan was apparently convincing, for Milanzo was subsequently entrusted with its implementation. The political engagement that is evident from Milanzo’s text can possibly be explained biographically: many of the jurists who can be traced to Henry’s court held leading positions in the Italian communes and signories, at the papal curia or at episcopal courts and universities. This prosopographical explanation for the often-stated influence of the learned jurists on Henry VII’s politics, is concretised in this article on the basis of selected biographies.

US - INDO PACIFIC STRATEGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON PAKISTAN

While containing the expansion of China in the area is the primary objective of the Indo-Pacific strategy, it does affect Pakistan's safety in certain ways. In this strategy, the US is supporting India to become a hegemon to full fill its interest. And India is the biggest threat to Pakistan. And it creates a zero-sum situation for Pakistan. This strategy is basically for China but it also has threats to the security of Pakistan. To what extent does Pakistan need an external ally to ensure the balance of power in south Asia? In this research work, I use the balance of power theory to analyse Pakistan's internal security system (IPS). As a direct consequence of this, Pakistan has adopted a strategy of internal and external balance in an effort to lessen the likelihood of an Indian invasion occurring. The modernization of its fleet and the acquisition of cutting-edge armament are its top internal goals. As part of its efforts to achieve internal and external balance, India has engaged in activities such as conducting naval drills in the Indian Ocean and signing a variety of military and maritime projects with China and Russia. These activities are examples of its efforts to strengthen security cooperation with these countries.

The feasibility of residential microgrids: a hypothetical neighborhood in Davis, California

ABSTRACT Microgrids create a local electric system partly or completely detached from the grid. Microgrid neighborhoods potentially offer more reliable power, lower costs, zero greenhouse gas emissions, improved air quality, ability to level power demands on the grid, and positive net electricity production. However, until now microgrids have primarily been used for military and institutional projects. To improve understanding of residential microgrid design and performance, we analyze current literature, discuss existing examples, and calculate energy use and cost for a hypothetical microgrid neighborhood in Davis, California. We find that such a neighborhood could easily achieve zero net operating energy status annually for both homes and cars, with a 16-year payback period or 7 years if owners also adopt electric vehicles. Similar results are likely in warm climates globally. If built at scale, microgrid neighborhoods could thus be a main tool to reduce residential GHG emissions and improve energy service resiliency.

Efficient management agenda for performance-based logistics in fourth industrial revolution

The purpose of this study is to develop an efficient management plan for a performance-based military support project as a weapon system using Fourth Industrial Revolution technology, such as the launch of the Army TIGER Combat Group. According to the Ministry of National Defense, the performance-based military support project plans to expand various ranges and stages. Thus, more detailed management measures that combine value analysis and learning effects are significant. The results of this study are as follows. First, in preparing for the expansion of performance-based military support projects, a plan to use companies under the leadership of the military is proposed preemptively. Second, the performance-based military support application project using ABC analysis and portfolio technology and the scope of application for military service improvement is presented separately. Third, a plan to expand the quantity of maintenance equipment acquired is proposed to improve the agility of exhibition maintenance support. This is expected to stabilize supply to companies and reduce the cost and total cost of ownership for the military. Fourth, by adding qualitative indicators based on quantitative indicators, a system that enables South Korea to actively participate in maintaining equipment operations and relying only on companies. Rather than the vague expectation that performance-based military resources will effectively utilize civilian capabilities and reduce budgets, the military must develop management strategies to maintain its immediate dispatch attitude in wartime to restore resilience and achieve its core goal.