Military Problems Research Articles

Understanding the crucial role of deployment and military mobility within the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization: A conceptual analysis

Boosting military mobility has become a priority for security-generating organisations in the current and foreseeable security environment. The European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) are united in their significant efforts to simplify the armed forces’ deployment process. They are developing projects to improve critical infrastructure resilience or dual-use goods and actively collaborating on EU military mobility projects. This joint effort is backed by substantial finance and human resources aims to eradicate bureaucracy, streamline cross-border procedures, and enhance the capacity of alternative road and railway communication networks. The goal is to ensure coherent and prompt personnel, hardware, and military equipment deployment. This article analyses the deployment and military mobility concepts through the lens of descriptive research based on secondary data investigation, following their chronological growth and relevance within the EU and NATO. It also explores how the patenting of the innovative approach can be part of the solution to the military problem imposed by the Russian Federation on the European continent. The examination underscores the significance of developing and implementing these concepts for present and future military operations and their relevance in guaranteeing a climate of security in the Euro-Atlantic region. Given the military nature of the concepts, the analysis could present some limitations due to the limited access to classified information or the prohibition of its dissemination in the public space.

CULTURA E POTERE NELL’ETÀ DI VALENTINIANO I

Culture and power in the age of Valentinian I. This paper analyses the cultural policy of Valentinian I. The Pannonian emperor acted in a complex era in which military problems took priority. He did not, however, disregard culture; he took wide-ranging measures that, starting from individual aspects, had general repercussions and were part of the military perspective of a general control over the vital ganglia of society.

Императорское Православное Палестинское Общество и русское паломническое движение в 1914–1918 годах

The article considers the features of the activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IOPS) in the field of organizing pilgrimages in 1914–1918. It is shown that Russia during the First World War sought to expand and strengthen its international positions. At the same time, the increase in military and economic problems, aggravated by the exacerbation of internal social conflicts, as well as the opposition of London and Paris, which feared the strengthening of geopolitical influence of St. Petersburg, made the implementation of the Russian plans unlikely. By 1914 the vast majority of the population of the Russian Empire professed Orthodoxy. The Russian Orthodox Church was a component of the state administrative apparatus and occupied a special place. In 1914–1917 the IOPS continued its work on organizing pilgrimages, charity, education, and scientific research. The established system of pilgrimage activities of the Society functioned in its usual form until the outbreak of hostilities in 1914. Then, under the influence of external and internal factors, pilgrimages to the Holy Land through the Society practically ceased. However, until the revolutionary events of 1917, the IOPS promoted Orthodox pilgrimage, continuing, as far as possible. After the February Revolution of 1917, changes occurred in the leadership, name and content of the Society’s work, which was forced to focus on the scientific direction.

Theoretical and Applied Aspects of the Martial Anthropology

The article is devoted to the theoretical and applied aspects of the martial anthropology and its formation as a separate scientific branch at the late 20th – early 21st century. In Western European and American anthropological studies, scientists often complain that little attention is paid to military topics. The main reason for ignoring military problems by academic science in Western democracies is the fear of researchers that they will be suspected of cooperation with state security agencies, since this sometimes contradicts ethical norms, for example, the code of the American Anthropological Association (hereinafter – AAA). However, after the events of 2001 (terrorist act in New York), the issue of cooperation between anthropologists and state authorities have become more relevant. These events have made it clear that the existing AAA code of ethics is insufficient in a situation where anthropology is of a great importance to the national security of a state, and a significant community of «practicing anthropologists» may face ethical dilemmas. At the late 2000s, in the process of constant scientific discussions about the significance of anthropological methods in modern wars and about the specifics of cooperation between anthropologists and the military, the formation of martial anthropology as a separate discipline has taken place. Militarism today is an integral part of a global society, and it is especially typical for modern Ukraine, which for ten years has been forced to defend its territory from aggression by the Russian Federation. Military culture is inherent in constantly operating armies and paramilitary formations, as well as for the entire Ukrainian society, because military efficiency today is the key task for the state. One way or another, Ukrainians are constantly forced to think about war, even when they are in relative safety (in particular, abroad). Therefore, a thorough study of the military cultural and historical traditions of Ukrainians and their modern life is one of the priority areas for modern ethnological science. Analysis of various approaches to the study of military culture, theoretical and applied aspects developed in the world humanities is critically necessary for modern ethnological research.

Формування та роз- виток грошової системи в період Української національно-демократичної ре- волюції 1917-1921 рр.: питання термінології та шляхи її розв’язання

The purpose of the study is the analysis of the terminological apparatus and generalizations of domestic researchers of the modern era regarding the formation of the monetary system of the Ukrainian People's Republic of 1917-1921. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness and integrity, and a comprehensive approach, which involves the study of the monetary system in a historical-chronological and historical and economic aspects. Methods of analysis and synthesis, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, problem-chronological, were used. The scientific novelty consists in a complex historical and economic analysis of the formation of the monetary system of the Russian Federation in 1917-1921. Conclusions. During 1917-1921, its governments pursued a purposeful policy of creating their own monetary system. The concept of "monetary system" as a legally established form of money circulation is generalized. It was determined that the monetary system of the Ukrainian People's Republic included the following main elements: its own monetary unit - karbovanets, hryvnia, shag; official forms of money - cash (paper banknotes), non-cash; emission mechanism - the issuance of money is conditioned by the availability of precious metals, however, in case of its shortage or even absence, the volume of emission was determined by the urgent needs of the government; issuers – State Bank, State Treasury; the exchange rate was made on the basis of agreements with the authorities of allied countries or on the market. H. Baranovskyi, M. Tugan-Baranovskyi, M. Kryvetskyi, B. Martos, and H. Lebid-Yurchyk were active funders of the formation and development of the monetary system of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Under the influence of the variability of the political situation, military problems, and the economic crisis, the monetary system of the Ukrainian People's Republic underwent constant transformations, an increase in state monetary emissions, and the introduction of foreign and private banknotes into circulation.

Selection of Military Armored Vehicle Using Fuzzy EDAS method

Military armored vehicles are specially designed and equipped for defense and security activities. During military operations, the right vehicle selection is of vital importance for the success of the operation. This problem examined 5 different alternative military armored vehicles for operational and logistic success using the criteria Engine Power, Dimensions, Fire Power Range, Gradeability, and Armor Thickness. In military decision problems, some alternatives probably need to be evaluated regarding more than one conflicting criterion. The decision among these alternatives will usually involve other strategic-level decisions. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) refers to making decisions in such a situation. Are there any methods and techniques available to solve MCDM problems? The evaluation according to distance from average solution (EDAS) method is a multi-criteria decision-making method whose effectiveness has been tested in other problem areas in the literature. In this study, we use the EDAS method to address the problem of military armored vehicle selection in a fuzzy environment. While a Type-1 fuzzy set is used in the fuzzy EDAS method, trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are preferred for military expert evaluation. The results of this study show that the fuzzy EDAS method is effective.

Prevalence of burnout among military personnel in the plateau region of China: a cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesThe geographical environment and military activities in the plateau area pose potential work-related stressors for military personnel, leading to burnout which is an external manifestation of internal energy exhaustion caused by stress. Without countermeasures, this can result in serious military problems. This study aims to examine the association between burnout and occupational stressors among military personnel stationed in the plateau area of China.Material and methodsA stratified randomized cluster sampling survey was conducted among 2026 military personnel from 6 different troops stationed in the plateau area of China. The Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS in Chinese) was administered from March 2022 to December 2023, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.ResultsA total of 2026 military personnel participated in the survey. The mean overall burnout score was 3.37 ± 0.73, with emotional exhaustion at 2.69 ± 0.89, depersonalization at 3.58 ± 0.92, and professional achievement at 3.81 ± 0.85 levels respectively reported by participants on average scale scores ranging from zero to six. Severe level of burnout was reported by 43.2% of participants while medium level of burnout was reported by 54 .3%. Age, education level, length of military service, and household income were identified as important factors influencing burnout.ConclusionThis study highlights a relatively high prevalence of burnout among military personnel stationed in plateau areas necessitating attention towards their occupational health particularly focusing on working hours and economic aspects so as to formulate effective policies and implement intervention measures that strengthen career development for soldiers deployed in such regions.

Mademoiselle de Montpensier: female politician and military leader during the Fronde

Importance. The history of women, the interest in which in national and foreign historiography does not wane, is a pressing problem for historians studying the Fronde in France (1648–1653). During the Civil War, active aristocratic women had the opportunity to express themselves as politicians and even as military leaders on an equal basis with men, and sometimes even overshadow them. An example of this is Mademoiselle de Montpensier who left a detailed account of her enterprises in her Memoirs. They are the main source of this research work and are supplemented by information from the “Memoirs” of another participant in the Fronde, Cardinal de Retz. The purpose of the work is to evaluate her actions in political and military events during the Fronde, to find out the reasons why the Duchess was able to become a political and military leader at a time when women did not have the right to be ministers or generals.Research Methods. To study the materials within the «Memoirs», methods of social history, the study of sources of personal origin, and historical and comparative methods are used.Results and Discussion. The analysis of the sources used shows that Princess de Montpensier was by no means a typical frondeur – her goals, means, and motivations were different from those used by many other “rebels”. Many aristocratic women became “oppositionists” for economic reasons – they joined parties in order to achieve personal goals, which were often selfish. The princess, young, active, physically strong and healthy, received a rich inheritance and solved political and military problems during the Fronde. The combination of personal qualities, wealth and high position in society gave her the opportunity to become the most famous and active frontwoman.Conclusion. To summarize, it should be noted that the memoirist purposefully sought to participate in the political life of France in the mid-17th century. and achieved success. She became a more significant politician than her father, Gaston d’Orleans, and took a significant part in the activities of the party of the Prince de Condé and in the campaigns of his army.

Moving to Advanced Research on Human Machine Interface Design

This poster paper will discuss a variety of items related to Human-Machine Teaming and research in support in-creasing control of autonomous machines present in phys-ical problem domains of interest. Many military tasks can be decomposed into their primary elements – intelligence preparation, reconnaissance, movement, maneuver, fires, and and support across the combat domains of interest – air, land, sea, etc. There are an increasing number of au-tonomous and semi-autonomous ground-based systems available, such as the Multi-Utility Tactical Transport (MUTT) Unmanned Ground Vehicle, for movement of materials, or Quadrupedal Unmanned Ground Vehicle (QUGV) for the disposal of explosive ordinance, comple-mented by aerial platforms considering of a wide variety of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for the gathering and transmitting of information, held together by a common backbone and network. The preponderance of new systems and capabilities brings new issues, one of which is critical to research - how to control and manage a large number of systems. Commercial systems of significantly less capability, such as light-up drone shows, involve approximately 2 people per 100 drones; meaning that a single controller for a sin-gle drone is simply a non-starter. How can research be applied to scale the complexity of operations upwards without additional demands of personnel? This poster discusses several portions of early-stage research into a variety of applications, including: Reasoning about mixed-team processes, includ-ing real/synthetic teammates, and how infor-mation gathered about the use of synthetic teammates within simulation can be transitioned into utilization for a robotic teammate Embedding affective information into dialogue channels in order to save cognitive bandwidth Repurposing of foundational dialogue models for specific tasks and purposes Utilizing psychological research to design sys-tems in order to infer user intent Theory of mind research for autonomous systems regarding their human operators Simulated environments and agents in order to test the simulations in representative areas. Common-Sense reasoning augmented by Large Language Model technology for instructing ro-botic platforms The following things will be discussed at the poster ses-sion, representing a portfolio of ongoing work addressing the problems of large-scale multi-agent command and control. While the near-term application of these tech-nologies is into military problem domains; the poster presentation is cleared for public release.

Problems of management of large density groups of UAVs

The use of large dense groups of UAVs in solving economic and military problems is increasingly used. When solving these problems, it is necessary to form managements that ensure: assemble the group with the construction of the required topology; management of each UAV in the framework of solving a common problem and preventing collisions in a group. The solution of these problems can be obtained on the basis of two approaches. The first – the traditional one – is based on the consideration of the UAV group as an aggregate of individual participants, for each of which management is formed, providing both the solution of the common task and the prevention of collisions within the group. The second – fundamentally new – is based on the consideration of a group of UAVs as a system with distributed parameters. Preliminary studies have shown the possibility of using this approach to solving the problem of managing large groups of UAVs. However, to determine all the possibilities of this approach, additional theoretical and applied research is required.

ECONOMIC CONCEPTS OF PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT

In the conditions of a full-scale war between Russia and Ukraine, our state faces the question of attracting funds from both residents and non-residents to solve military and social problems, as a result of which the national debt is formed and its constant growth occurs. The receipt of macro-financial assistance (soft loans) from the EU had the greatest impact on the growth of public debt. The growth of Ukraine’s public debt was influenced by the receipt of loans under the programs of the IMF, the World Bank, the EBRD, and the government of Canada. The growth of the national debt determines the need to choose an effective method of managing the national debt, because the country’s debt security depends on the management of the national debt. The article analyzes the management of public debt from a theoretical and scientific point of view. The purpose of the work is to conduct an analysis of the economic category of «public debt management», its principles and stages. The main areas of activity of the concept of «public debt» are determined both from a regulatory and legal point of view, and from a scientific point of view; its classification by criteria is given. Public debt is an important economic category that reflects a set of economic relations in the field of attracting positional financial resources with the involvement of the financial deficit of the national sector of the economy on the basis of repayment, payment and maturity.

A heterogeneous picture fuzzy SWARA-MARCOS evaluation framework based on a novel cross-entropy measure

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) entails a heterogeneous decision-making problem, which poses challenges for decision-makers (DMs) in generating an optimal solution. To address this, we have proposed a heterogeneous evaluation framework. First, a novel picture fuzzy cross-entropy measure was defined with the simultaneous consideration of uncertainty and hesitancy of picture fuzzy information, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing cross-entropy measure in relation to its validity and properties. Next, an optimisation-model for determining the objective weights of criteria was constructed based on the proposed closeness measurement and the step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method. This model was constituted from both objective and subjective perspectives under the circumstance of completely unknown criterion information. Additionally, the conventional Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution (MARCOS) method was extended to the picture fuzzy environment, and a normalisation method was developed to transform heterogeneous judgments, including linguistic terms, interval numbers, and picture fuzzy numbers, into a unified representation form. A heterogeneous picture fuzzy SWARA-MARCOS evaluation framework was then established and used to solve a military equipment supplier selection problem. The results demonstrated the validity and feasibility of the proposed evaluation framework, while sensitivity, comparative, and complexity analyses demonstrated the robustness and superiority of it.

Ethics as Moral Practice in Peacekeeping Missions: Insights on the Importance of Ethical Training

ABSTRACT Identifying peacekeeping as practical ethics helps analyze how the problems of existing approaches to military ethical training led to practical problems of standard setting. This article illustrates the value of understanding ethics as a theoretical framework to confront and prepare for moral practice. Pointing out the problems in terms of how military ethics ascertain the nature of ethics, the field of military ethics frames problems in ways that undermine standard settings for moral practice. Specifying these problems complements established theoretical inputs and helps peacekeepers better adjust to the moral choices and dilemmas ahead. This is particularly because military ethical training is also about coming to terms with society’s moral standards and demands that led to peacekeeping and peacebuilding missions in the first place. The article illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of this approach to military ethical training with the example of Austrian peacekeeper ethical training.

Efficacy of a program in increasing coping strategies in firefighters: randomized clinical trial.

to evaluate the effectiveness of a program in increasing coping strategies focused on military firefighters' problems and emotions. randomized, parallel, single-masked clinical trial. The sample consisted of 51 participants in the intervention group and 49 in the control group. The intervention group received the intervention program including coping strategies based on the Nursing Interventions Classification, lasting six consecutive weeks, one day a week. The control group followed the Service Unit routine. Descriptive statistics, Student's T test with Welch's correction and the Mann-Whitney test were used for the analyses. The magnitude of the intervention effect was calculated using Cohen's d index. A p-value of ≤0.05% was considered. in the analysis of the mean difference between the scores in the groups, the means of the intervention group increased significantly for the coping strategies: social support (p = 0.009), acceptance of responsibility (p = 0.03), problem solving (p = 0.05) and positive reappraisal (p = 0.05). The impact of the intervention was moderate in magnitude for social support (d = 0.54). the intervention program enabled the increase of coping strategies focused on military firefighters' problems and emotions. ReBEC: RBR-8dmbzc. (1) The intervention program increases coping strategies. (2) The study included military firefighters. (3) Social support was the main strategy of the study. (4) Intervention group presented better results than the control group. (5) The use of the Nursing Intervention Classification was effective.

AMLO's Final Act

ABSTRACT: During his five years in office, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the president of Mexico, has rarely left the country. But in September 2023, AMLO, as he is commonly known, made a trip to Colombia and Chile, Latin American countries that are also currently governed by the left. In Colombia, AMLO met with President Gustavo Petro and participated in the Latin American and Caribbean Conference on Drugs, where Petro called for an end to the failed strategy of "viewing drugs as a military problem and not as a health problem for society." AMLO said that preserving family unity and combating poverty are essential to that fight.

Slovenská pracovná sila v Protektoráte Čechy a Morava v rokoch 1939–1945

After the establishment of the independent Slovak Republic (1939–1945), in addition to political and military problems, economic issues had to be solved in a short period of time, among which the problem of high unemployment in Slovakia was at the forefront. One of the solutions for its elimination was the departure of Slovak industrial and agricultural workers to the German Reich in search of work. In addition to the territory of Germany or Austria itself, the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia became an important destination for several thousand Slovak industrial and agricultural workers. The departure of Slovak workers was connected with the signing of the agreement of the Second Czech-Slovak Republic and later the Slovak Republic (1939–1945) with Germany on Slovak workers. The territory of the Protectorate thus became another potential area for the employment of Slovak workers. In addition to several economic and trade agreements between the countries, an important part of the mutual economic contacts was the hiring and subsequent placement of Slovak workers in jobs in the Protectorate.

AMLO’s Final Act

ABSTRACT: During his five years in office, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the president of Mexico, has rarely left the country. But in September 2023, AMLO, as he is commonly known, made a trip to Colombia and Chile, Latin American countries that are also currently governed by the left. In Colombia, AMLO met with President Gustavo Petro and participated in the Latin American and Caribbean Conference on Drugs, where Petro called for an end to the failed strategy of “viewing drugs as a military problem and not as a health problem for society.” AMLO said that preserving family unity and combating poverty are essential to that fight.

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Machine Learning Techniques: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of the World Military Scenario

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Machine Learning Techniques: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of the World Military Scenario

Частная жизнь татарской женщины дореформенной эпохи (на примере Мензелинского уезда)

The article restores the social and economic status of Tatar women based on documents of Orenburg Mokhammedan Religious Assembly (OMRS), state audit documents, acts of civil status, and journalistic materials of the 19th-early 20th centuries. The Menzelinsk Uyezd had class specifics and was a part of the military (canton) administration. The chronology of the article starts from the late 18th century and continues until the mid–1860s, due to the fact that at the time the state authorities approved certain laws on marriage and family life of Muslims of the Russian Empire: they changed the age of marriage and legalised inter-class marriages, the OMRS began to regulate marital disputes and inheritance cases. The author places the main focus on the marriage and family aspect of private life and includes many archival examples related to the Tatar women of the Menzelinsk Uyezd. Tatar women turned to OMRS when they needed a divorce or permission to remarry, etc. Women were independent subjects of Muslim and civil law, but they always acted with the support of their relatives. Images of Tatar women in the first half of the 19th century presented in publicistic works are a bit static. Russian authors described only the look of a Tatar woman, the cost of her clothes, accessories, etc. The Tatar view was focused on the composition of the woman’s family (to whom she was married, how many children she had). The article presents the biographies of three Tatar women from the Menzelinsy Uyezd: Kurypla Imanaeva, Gulbadar Akhtyamova, and Khasiba Arduanova. Each case illustrates the main trends in everyday life in the first half of the 19th century (military service problems, the cholera epidemic, etc.). The everyday objects played an important role in interpersonal relations and conflicts. At the same time, in the second half of the 19th century, the Tatar society had an ideal of not only a hard-working and religious woman, but also an educated woman.

Czy stare i nowe miasto były skazane na konflikt? Głos w dyskusji w świetle nowszych badań

Were the old and new towns doomed to conflict? A voice in the discussion in the light of newer research The article consists of two parts. In the first one I present the causes and forms of conflict between municipalities in one urban centre in medieval Poland. It is a summary of and supplement to the material presented in my book about double and multiple cities in medieval Europe, limited here to Polish lands. In the second part, I engage in a debate with works published since then that question the existence of competition and conflict between municipalities: by Marcin Starzyński in relation to Kazimierz in Cracow and by Piotr Samól in the case of Jungstadt in Gdańsk. Direct proximity determined the intensity of contacts and mutual dependence, which led to tensions, and in some circumstances could lead to acts of violence and material destruction of weaker municipalities. The biggest area of tension was economic rights. Among them, the right to cut cloth, sell beer, rights to markets and fairs played a special role. The main centre usually aimed for a monopoly and sought to encompass the city’s broadly defined environs. However, the essence of the dispute was not the economic or craft activity, but its removal from the control of the old town authorities and the functioning of an independent municipality. The older and usually stronger commune looked down on its neighbour, while the younger one felt humiliated and wronged. In addition, direct proximity often caused military problems: weaker fortifications of the new town or their absence became a cause or pretext for restricting or partially or even completely eliminating construction. Open violence against a neighbouring centre was contrary to the interests of the superior of these municipalities, so it happened rarely, usually during a war in the area. At the same time, tension and rivalry between municipalities did not exclude cooperation in many areas or pragmatic benefits from mutual proximity. It probably constituted a potentially significant factor stimulating the development of such complex urban structures.