Military Development Research Articles

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Machine Learning Techniques: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of the World Military Scenario

Military development is increasingly related to strategic independence and technological advantages, representing an important factor in countries’ scientific, technological, and economic development. In this context, the present work proposes a methodology for evaluating the world’s military power based on the integration between Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and Machine Learning. To this end, data from the military, economic, and strategic spheres of 140 countries were analyzed and evaluated considering 12 quantitative variables. Considering the large volume of data to be analyzed and establishing a ranking of countries, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), an unsupervised Machine Learning technique, was used. PCA allowed the analysis of 140 countries, identifying three factors representing the collective behavior of the 12 original variables, providing a world ranking of military power. The results were compared with specialized rankings on the subject and proved robust and reliable. As a contribution to the academy and society, the authors highlighted that this work fills the gap regarding the application of PCA in military problems to classify the observations, emphasized that the proposed methodology can be replicated in the most diverse problems and serve as input in other MCDM and data science techniques. In addition, the multidisciplinary of PCA allows the technique to support the decision-making process in the most diverse areas of knowledge that involve data analysis in tactical, operational, and strategic problems.

РОДИНА КУРІСІВ: ГЕНЕОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The purpose of the work. Based on the analysis of the political, socio-economic, and cultural development of Southern Ukraine at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, to study the genealogy of the Kursi family, the peculiarities of their activity and role in society, the heredity of their family traditions that influenced the development of the region. The methodological basis of the research was the principles of objectivity, historicism and systematicity with the use of general scientific research methods – analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy, periodization and generalization. The scientific novelty of this article is due to the fact that, for the first time, a comprehensive study of the genealogy of the Kuris family at the end of the 18th – beginning of the 20th century, aspects of their military and civil service, cultural and educational activities, and the family's contribution to the formation of the historical heritage of Southern Ukraine are carried out. Conclusions. During the research, it was found that each generation of the family was represented by a historical figure who played one or another role in the historical process of Ukraine during the late 18th and early 20th centuries. A characteristic feature or phenomenon of the Kuris family can be called the desire of its representatives to be always at the responsible links of the military, socio-economic and cultural development of their country. The best representatives of the Kuris family were not only prominent military or public figures, businessmen, patrons, but also people with deep humanistic consciousness. Their family relationships, private life and public activities testify to the unique character and extraordinary role of the Kuris family in the history of Southern Ukraine. The Kuris belonged to large landowners. This allowed them to develop the main branches of agriculture and certain areas of industrial production related to it. Charity and education were important areas for the Kuris family, through which they, like other nobles, tried to establish themselves as the advanced state of society. They occupied a decisive place in the cultural development of the province.

Research on the Effectiveness of Tactical Missile Weapon Systems Based on Energy Big Data

Abstract The study of tactical missile weapon systems, particularly their operational efficiency, is increasingly important in modern warfare. These systems are crucial for accurately striking targets and achieving air superiority. The effectiveness evaluation of such missile systems provides a quantitative foundation for both upgrading existing weapons and setting performance benchmarks in combat exercises. This particular topic focuses on the evaluation of tactical missile weapon systems using energy big data. A comprehensive index system is utilized to conduct this evaluation, incorporating methods like fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process. These methods enable both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the capability matrix in the ADC (Aim, Deploy, and Conclude) model. The main objective is to ensure the correctness and effectiveness of the evaluation model. An example analysis is conducted to verify the model’s validity. The results from this analysis indicate a high degree of accuracy in the model’s predictions. The disparity between the actual and expected output results is minimal, with a relative error within 4%. Furthermore, the combat effectiveness grade determined by the model aligns with the actual grade observed, confirming the model’s capability to effectively evaluate the combat effectiveness of surface-to-air missile weapon systems. This research is significant as it provides a reliable and accurate method for assessing the effectiveness of tactical missile systems. Such evaluations are vital for informed decision-making in military strategy and weapon system development. Using energy big data in this context represents a novel approach, reflecting the increasing integration of advanced data analytics in military technology assessments.

Recent advances in bismuth oxychalcogenide nanosheets for sensing applications.

This review offers insights into the fundamental properties of bismuth oxychalcogenides Bi2O2X (X = S, Se, Te) (BOXs), concentrating on recent advancements primarily from studies published over the past five years. It examines the physical characteristics of these materials, synthesis methods, and their potential as critical components for gas sensing, biosensing, and optical sensing applications. Moreover, it underscores the implications of these advancements for the development of military, environmental, and health monitoring devices.

Ensuring the competitiveness of logistics enterprises amidst the military development of Ukraine's economy

Ensuring the competitiveness of logistics enterprises amidst the military development of Ukraine's economy

Gender dan Keselamatan: Sumbangan Maharani Cixi Dalam Dalam Reformasi China (1861-1908)

Research on gender and ancient female leadership, like that of Empress Dowager Cixi (1861–1908), is lacking in English and Malay. Most research only discussed Cixi’s general narrative. The majority of studies merely covered Cixi’s overarching story. Cixi was one of the women leaders who defied the patriarchal status quo to rule. Nevertheless, her contribution was overlooked due to the controversy surrounding her, which tarnished her reputation. Thus, through library research and content analysis methods, this article discusses Cixi’s contribution to the Qing dynasty while filling in the research gap of international relations scholarship by overlooking Cixi’s contributions, which fall under the scope of the missing women figures under the gender and international relation scholarship. The study shows that Cixi’s contribution could be traced through the reformation of political sectors, such as the development of modern military and defense sectors, economic sectors, and social sectors, such as women’s empowerment. Cixi successfully defied the gender barrier to become a leader; however, her contribution has been overlooked. It is time for her leadership to be recognised.

Military Industrial Complex and National Security in Nigeria, 2015 – 2022

The ability to wage and win a war or to deter potential adversaries depends on the degree of technological wealth in the country, which should be seen to be adequately developed and functional. Therefore, the success of modern day military forces is measured by their ability to develop and use unique technologies to effectively confront unique security challenges this entails the importance of military industries and technological development to the national security of any country. This study, therefore, sets out to discuss the relevance of Military Industrial Complex (MIC) in relation to the national security in Nigeria between 2015 and 2022. This study adopts the use of secondary source as its methodology, which will be accessed through published works, journal articles, internet sources and other secondary source materials. Some of the findings of this study are as follows; 1) Military Industrial Complex (MIC) began to be firmly established after the WW II. 2) a country’s maintenance of a good national security is not unconnected with its ability to produce and develop a high level of local military arms and ammunitions through its MIC. 3) Nigeria’s overdependence in arms and ammunitions’ importation is affecting both her national security and economy. 4) between 2015 and 2022, Nigeria has spent more money importing military hardware. 5) the MIC in Nigeria is lagging behind other MICs even in some Third World countries like Brazil, India and South Africa, hence the need for its rehabilitation, upgrade and reinvestment. The study concludes that for Nigeria’s national security and economy to be better, the government ought to invest more in the development of a viable and strong MIC to drastically reduce her high dependence on foreign countries for her national security. Keywords: MIC, National Security, Nigeria, Technological Development, Third World Countries

Aerospace Power Development in India and Implications for Pakistan

This paper evaluates the trends of aerospace military power development strictly in the India-Pakistan conflict setting. It analyzes the combat potential of aerospace technologies and explores how they add to the net war-fighting strengths of the respective India and Pakistan militaries. The primary question is to identity the gap in aerospace domain between India and Pakistan while making recommendations for Pakistan. The study finds serious efforts of aerospace military power development by India which challenges the military security of Pakistan. Pakistan has the leverage in employing drones for multiple roles against India but their potential remains limited due to minimal space infrastructure for navigation and communication. The study uses the comparative method to analyze the profiles of India and Pakistan for aerospace development trends and to assess the emerging threats for Pakistan. It further enables us to foresee the evolving nature of future conflicts because aerospace technologies are likely to remain at the core of possible war in future.

The Impact of Nuclear Power on Pakistan: Analysing the Recipients of US Aid, Efficacy, and Future Consequences

This study examines the United States' imposition of sanctions on Pakistan following the test of nuclear arsenals in 1998. The paper examines the elements that contribute to lifting U.S. sanctions on Islamabad and evaluates the effectiveness of imposing consistently strong economic penalties. It analyses the manner in which the United States employed Pakistan to serve its national security objectives by offering assistance in a counterterrorism effort spearheaded by the United States following the events of 9/11. The United States, driven by its own self-interests, chose to support Pakistan by easing sanctions and sending help. Pakistan, in turn, used this aid for military and general development goals. This study analyses the cost-effectiveness of U.S. aid and the disparity between internal and foreign opinions of the recipients of U.S. help in Pakistan. The primary aim of this article is to evaluate Pakistan's utilization of U.S. aid, specifically in terms of military expenditures against investments in the well-being of its people. This assessment will consider viewpoints from both internal and international sources. Within this framework, the study offers several recommendations that have significant ramifications for the donor-beneficiary approach to aid provision and budget allocation in the future.

Japan’s Changing National Security Strategy: Analysis (2013 - 2023)

This study aims to explore the importance of understanding how states adapt their security strategies in response to regional challenges. Initially, in 2013, Japan identified North Korea and its nuclear program as the primary threat, however changing the security environment, Tokyo has shifted its national security strategy. The turning point in Tokyo security is due to the rise in China's power, the Russia-Ukraine war, and the continuous threat from the North Korean missile test. The Japanese people did not support the security initiative of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. But now because of the security challenge in the region, the people are supporting the government. After World War, II Japan was a pacifist state that forbade military development and depended on the United States for protection against the enemy. But now because of the continuing threat from regional countries, it is focusing on modernizing its military power. Japan's government to defend its national security, is restoring its ties with the United States. To fend off China, Russia, and North Korea, Japan is seeking security alliances with other nations to avoid solely relying on the United States. Tokyo is increasing its military and proliferation of weapons because world politics is transforming from uni-polarity to multi-polarity. Balance of power theory is crucial in analyzing strategic changes and alliances in the context of a shifting security environment.

Artificial intelligence in public management: requirements, problems and risks

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly important role in improving decision -making processes, optimizing resources and ensuring effective public administration.The article examines the challenges and prospects of using AI in public administration and considers the ethical aspects of this application. The results of the research highlight the potential of AI to improve efficiency, transparency, and innovation in the public administration system. This topic is both very relevant and almost unexplored in Ukraine. There are scientific works on the current problems of public administration in the sphere of implementation of innovative socio-economic development in Ukraine, by authors of O. Karpenko, L. Arsenovych, V. Havrylak, S. Kvitka, I. Maluy, A. Osmak, N. Savchenko, O. Skibun, S. Shaikhet, and P. Shpyga. Many foreign scientists were engaged in the research of the problems of the use of artificial intelligence in various spheres of society, such as A. Agrawala, N. Bostroma, E. Venca, T. Mitchell, L. Perry, K. Pola, H. Praice, S. Rassell, M. Tegmark, T. Filer, and P. Highchem. However, the scientific substantiation of the role and significance of AI in the public administration system remains an unresolved part of the general problem. The purpose of the article is research and analysis of the use of AI in the public administration system. The article aims to reveal the potential and opportunities provided by AI to improve the efficiency and quality of public administration processes. It is aimed at identifying the key areas of application of AI, identifying challenges, and considering the possibilities of using AI to ensure more effective public administration. Summarizing the experience of implementing AI as an innovative technology of public administration on the territory of Ukraine, the existing and foreseeable risks of using AI in the system of public administration is an urgent scientific and practical problem for the military development of Ukraine.

Dynamic modeling and motion prediction of two projectiles launched successively underwater

The technology of successive underwater launching of multiple projectiles is a growing trend in military development. However, the process is complex, and the wake field formed after the launch of the first projectile can significantly impact the trajectories and attitudes of the subsequent projectiles. This can potentially lead to mutual collisions or destabilization of motion among the projectiles, resulting in mission failures. In this paper, a mathematical model incorporating unknown parameters is proposed to effectively describe the underwater motion of projectiles. To refine this model, we employed a system identification method that utilizes experimentally validated numerical simulation data to solve for the unknown parameters. The model is then used to predict the trajectory and attitude changes of the projectiles across various launching conditions. The results indicate that to ensure a successful launch mission, certain adjustments must be made. These adjustments include increasing the launching velocity within acceptable limits, extending the launch time interval, increasing the spatial distances between projectiles, and reducing the platform velocity.

F.W. von Bauer and Russian Mapping of Moldavia and Wallachia

Abstract During the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 the advance of G.A. Rumiantsev’s First Army after its great victories at Riabaia Mogila, Larga, and Kagul was slowed by several factors, including the lack of adequate maps of southern Moldavia and Wallachia and the Turkish fortress line along the Danube. This problem was finally addressed by Lt General Friedrich Wilhelm von Bauer (1731–1783), a talented engineer in Russian service, a hero of the Riabaia Mogila and Larga battles, and author of a project to organize a Russian General Staff along Prussian lines. Bauer’s surveying work facilitated the Russians’ successful drive across the Danube in 1773 and this surveying work informed the remarkably detailed map of Moldavia he published in 1775 and 1781. The data he gathered for a similar map of Wallachia was published in his Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur la Valachie, avec un prospectus d’un Atlas géographique et militaire de la derniére guerre entre la Russie et la Porte Ottomanne (1778). Bauer’s work as a geographer and cartographer contributed to European knowledge of the geography and chorography of the Danubian region and illustrated the increasing impact of technicalism upon Russian military development in the eighteenth century.

Strategic Autonomy in Military Production: The EDF and the Constitutional Limits to EU Defence-Industrial Spending Power

The European Defence Fund (EDF) has for the first time enabled the European Union (EU) to fund military equipment development in pursuit of its strategic autonomy. But the EDF was based on competences for supporting industrial and research competitiveness, and not on the Common Foreign and Security Policy/Common Security and Defence Policy (CFSP/CSDP). Since EU legal acts must be based on the functionally most appropriate competence, this choice of legal basis raises questions. This article therefore analyses whether the EDF was correctly adopted under a non-CFSP/CSDP legal basis, and if so, how its legal basis affects its capacity to contribute to EU strategic autonomy. The analysis reveals that the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) grants the EU a competence to support defence-industrial competitiveness which is separate from the CFSP/CSDP, but stands in service to its military-strategic objectives. As the EDF is politically subordinate to the CFSP/CSDP, its defence-industrial impact depends on the Member States’ ability to achieve political consensus on the EU’s defence objectives and to determine strategic research and development (R&D) priorities in line with those objectives. Yet even in the face of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, such consensus seems far off. European Defence Fund, CSDP, strategic autonomy, EU constitutional law

Optimal structural design for a certain near-space composite propeller of airship using adaptive region division blending model

Near-space airship is a frontier and hotspot in current military research and development, and the near-space composite propeller is the key technology for its development. In order to obtain higher aerodynamic efficiency at an altitude of 22 km, a certain near-space composite propeller is designed as a long and slender aerodynamic shape with a 10 m diameter, which brings many challenges to the composite structure design. The initial design is obtained by the composite structure variable stiffness design method using based on fixed region division blending model. However, it weighs 23.142 kg, exceeding the required 20 kg. In order to meet the structural design requirements of the propeller, a variable stiffness design method using the adaptive region division blending model is proposed in this paper. Compared with the methods using the fixed region division blending model, this method optimizes region division, stacking thickness and stacking sequence in a single level, considering the coupling effect among them. Through a more refined region division, this method can provide a more optimal design for composite tapered structures. Additionally, to improve the efficiency of optimization subjected to manufacturing constraints, a hierarchical penalty function is proposed to quickly filter out the solutions that do not meet manufacturing constraints. The above methods combined with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) using specific encoding are adopted to optimize the near-space composite propeller. The optimal design of the structure weighs 18.831 kg, with all manufacturing constraints and all structural response constraints being satisfied. Compared with the initial design, the optimal design has a more refined region division, and achieves a weight reduction of 18.6%. This demonstrates that a refined region division can significantly improve the mechanical performance of the composite tapered structure.

Predictive bases of development of the military sphere of national security

The methodological aspects of analysis and forecasting of military-political situation in the context of alliance building, influencing the military sphere of national security, are shown. Negative factors indicating the imbalance of global and regional security assurance system are revealed. It is emphasized that understanding of military conflict development in the form of an “escalation ladder” will allow the political and military leaders to prevent the loss of controlability of the conflict. The main trends of military and political situation determining military dangers and threats to the Union State,as well as the peculiarities of its development in the medium- and long-term forecasts were revealed. It has been specified that challenges and threats to the military security of Belarus and Russia will be of a complex and multidirectional nature, affecting all spheres of their activities. The task of their foreign and military policies is strengthening international security and strategic stability on the global and regional levels. The main features of military conflicts and armed struggle in the XXI century are defined. It is concluded that peaceful development of the Belarusian state in the conditions of increasing military violence is possible under the condition of guaranteed provision of military security of the state. It is important to continuously forecast the international and military-political situation, to improve the military organization of the state, the unity of the state power, the army and the people of the country. The main military strategic task for the political elite of the state is to deter aggression in any of its manifestations.

COMPLEX SECURITY CHALLENGES ̶ COMPLEX RESPONSES

Due to the increasing complexity of the security challenges, it is necessary to change the approach and understand security in a much more complex way than before. We consider it even more important to provide the capabilities needed to meet complex security challenges than changing the theoretical approach. Without providing the necessary capabilities, we will not have a chance to prevent and manage complex security challenges. In the present article, we examine the possibility to ensure complex military and civilian capabilities corresponding to complex security challenges. Also, it is being considered the development and the usability of the defence planning system, generated and used by the military, in order to provide civilian capabilities. Furthermore, we propose to set a parallel structure for military and civilian capability development to provide adequate complex capabilities for complex challenges.

Program Implementation of Tasks of the State Defense Order

In modern geopolitical conditions, the country's defense capability is a key factor in ensuring sovereignty, independence and stability. The basis of the long-term planning of providing the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with weapons, military and special equipment is the state armament program, which is developed for a ten-year period, contains the nomenclature of the most important types of weapons, military and special equipment, and also determines customers, performers and deadlines for work. Short-term planning of development of armament, military and special equipment is carried out through development and fulfillment of tasks of the state defense order. Military planning is an integral component of state planning and in modern conditions and is carried out under the influence of a combination of various external and internal factors: a change in the foreign policy situation, which is becoming unpredictable against the background of the progressive basic principles devaluation of international law; making decisions by the country's leadership to ensure the protection of the interests of the Russian Federation in strategically important regions; instability of the macroeconomic parameters of the development of the Russian Federation within the framework of the emerging conditions of the world economy, directly affecting the setting and implementation of programs and plans for the development of the weapons system. The basis for fulfilling the tasks of the state defense order is the dynamic work of the military-industrial complex, aimed at providing the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with a new generation of weapons, military and special equipment. The article considers the features of the planning and performing the state defense order in terms of implementation of the special measures in the economy. Functional characteristics of enterprises of the military-industrial complex are selected. The author analyzes the causes of cost growth of military products, as well as reveals a correlation between program documents providing for the implementation of tasks of the state defense order.

Development of a 2 μm Solid-State Laser for Lidar in the Past Decade.

The 2 μm wavelength belongs to the eye-safe band and has a wide range of applications in the fields of lidar, biomedicine, and materials processing. With the rapid development of military, wind power, sensing, and other industries, new requirements for 2 μm solid-state laser light sources have emerged, especially in the field of lidar. This paper focuses on the research progress of 2 μm solid-state lasers for lidar over the past decade. The technology and performance of 2 μm pulsed single longitudinal mode solid-state lasers, 2 μm seed solid-state lasers, and 2 μm high power solid-state lasers are, respectively, summarized and analyzed. This paper also introduces the properties of gain media commonly used in the 2 μm band, the construction method of new bonded crystals, and the fabrication method of saturable absorbers. Finally, the future prospects of 2 μm solid-state lasers for lidar are presented.

Biracial Identity in Adult Military Children

ABSTRACT This study sought to explore adult biracial individuals and their perceived racial identities and their own military dependent identities in military communities. Utilizing a social constructivist grounded theory methodology, the study participants consisted of 21 Black/White self-identifying biracial former military dependent children. Results show a core category, and two key categories were discovered from the analysis. The core category indicated that biopsychosocial and ecological factors across time influence biracial military identity development. These individuals have an intersecting and outsider identity that influences their community identity. The participants used different coping behaviors to ecological stressors they experienced that shaped their identity. The implications and recommendations for practice, training, and future research are discussed for this study.