Mild Periodontitis Research Articles

Periodontal diagnosis, treatment, and referral patterns of general dental practitioners.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnosis, treatment, and referral patterns of periodontal patients by general dental practitioners (GDP). A questionnaire was mailed to registered GDP with publicly-listed postal addresses in Tasmania, Australia. Information was collected on demographics, training and professional development, examination, diagnosis and referral patterns, and periodontal treatment patterns. Seventy-seven (44.5%) questionnaires were completed. Over 85% always or usually screened for periodontal disease. On average, 0 to ≤7 patients were diagnosed with periodontal disease. GDP were always or usually confident in treating gingivitis (100%), mild (98.7%) and moderate periodontitis (73.7%), and rarely or never confident in treating severe (81.6%) and aggressive periodontitis (86.8%). Over 38% frequently referred to periodontists, 35.5% sometimes, 21.1% rarely, and 5.3% never. Clinical factors associated with referral were periodontal pocketing of ≥6mm, tooth mobility, no improvement following treatment, and a complex medical history. Most GDP performed periodontal screening and diagnosis. They were confident in treating gingivitis and mild-to-moderate periodontitis. Referral to a periodontist was associated with disease severity, tooth mobility, a complex medical history, or unsuccessful treatment.

Periodontal condition and periodontal risk assessment in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

The presence of chronic inflammation in the mouth, such as infectious disease of the periodontal tissues, may be the reservoir of microorganisms that are not usually present, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The purpose of the study was to create a profile of periodontal conditions and periodontal risk assessment in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. The study involved 22 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged 29.43 years. The following parameters were included in the clinical study: number and cause of permanent teeth loss (excluding third molars), the presence of plaque (PCR), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL). On the basis of obtained clinical data, the periodontal status and the periodontal risk were determined. The study showed healthy periodontal tissues in 9 people (41%), gingivitis in 5 (23%), and mild periodontitis in 8 (36.36%). The periodontal risk in the vast majority of patients (90.91%) was at a low level - only 2 people, on average. The poor oral hygiene in CF patients indicates the need to develop standards of dental care for this group aimed at education and elimination of risk factors for oral diseases. The obtained results of clinical trials do not rule out the likelihood of auto-infections of the respiratory system originating from periodontal tissues, which, in CF patients, may adversely affect the general state of health and conducted therapy.

Avidity of serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in the elderly with chronic periodontitis

The present study aimed at evaluating serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity to Porphyromonas gingivalis in elderly patients with mild and severe chronic periodontitis. The avidity of antibodies against P. gingivalis present in the sera of 18 patients with mild chronic periodontitis and 18 patients with severe chronic periodontitis was evaluated using an ammonium thiocyanate-dissociated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the mean absorbance value in serum IgG antibody titers was significantly higher in the severe chronic periodontitis group than in the mild chronic periodontitis group (198 ± 35 ELISA unit [EU] vs. 142 ± 32 EU, p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in antibody avidity (65 ± 57 EU vs. 54 ± 27 EU). These findings suggest that humoral immune responses to P. gingivalis between mild and severe chronic periodontitis in elderly patients are characterized by the differences in the quantity rather than the quality of the antibodies.

Association between hypertension and chronic periodontitis in a Portuguese population

Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues. Periodontal disease is highly prevalent in adolescents, adults, and elderly, and is a major public health concern [1,2]. Previous studies show a slight superior prevalence of mild forms in young adults [3], and a significant difference in periodontal disease type distribution by gender, with severe generalized chronic periodontitis condition being more prevalent in men [4,5]. Moderate periodontitis is even more common, affecting 40–60% of adults [6,7]. Over the last years, PD have been associated with arterial hypertension [6–8]. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between the prevalence of self-reported hypertension and the periodontal status in an adult Portuguese population. Materials and methods: This study was approved by the Egas Moniz Ethical Committee (Ethical Application Ref: 595). This retrospective observational study included patients from the Periodontology Department, that were diagnosed between April 2017 and April 2018. Before clinical examinations, all patients answered a general and oral health questionnaire that included information such as age, gender, smoking status, self-reported general medical history and medication. Periodontitis was defined according to Page & Eke [9]. From a total of 267 patients, 7 were excluded due to incomplete data. Thus, it was gathered a final sample size of 260 patients. Descriptive and inferential statistics methodologies were applied, using IBM SPSS Statistics version 24.0 for Macintosh. Results: From the 260 patients (mean age 56.6 ± 12.4), the majority had severe chronic periodontitis (n =140, 53.8%). Patients with none or mild chronic periodontitis didn’t refer hypertension. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 38.61% and 36.43%, in patients with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis respectively. Overall, there was a statistical difference between the prevalence of self-reported hypertension between the severity of chronic periodontitis type (p = 0.004) (Table 1). Discussion and conclusions: The results show a statistical difference in the prevalence of self-reported hypertension according to the chronic periodontitis severity. To minimize potential bias, we tried to overcome the limitation of being a self-reported hypertension information by confirming current medication of the patient. The findings in this sample are according to the previous studies referred overhead.

Zn as the Factor of Alkaline Phosphatase in Periodontal Patients consuming Minangkabau food in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Background: Periodontal disease is preceded by an inflammation in the gingiva surrounding the teeth called gingivitis. It is an untreated gingivitis causing hard tissue damage (alveolarbone). This inflammation increases the activity of ALP enzyme. Zinc is an Alkaline Phosphatase co-factor.&#x0D; Aim: This study aims at proving the connection between Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and zinc within the food of the Minangkabau people in West Sumatra, Indonesia. 60 samples are involved in this study. ALP level is tested by using ELISA technique. Zinc level in Minangkabau food is measured by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data is analyzed by means of univariate to describe each variable , Kolmogorov Smirn of Test is used to see the normal distribution ( p &gt; 0.05).&#x0D; Result: Pearson correlation is conducted to see the correlation between ALP level and zinc clevel in Minangkabau food. The study reveals that ALP activity is higher in mild periodontitis compared to mild gingivitis and healthy control. Zinc level is significantly lower in mild periodontitisthanin mild gingivitis and healthy control individuals. The relation between ALP and zinc level indicates strong correlation with positive direction (r = - 0,884).&#x0D; Conclusion: Zn decreases ALP activity and shows that zinc complement has both preventive and curing effects in periodontitis patients.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.228-232

The Controlled Direct Effect of Early-Life Socioeconomic Position on Periodontitis in a Birth Cohort.

This study used data from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil, to estimate the controlled direct effect of early-life socioeconomic position (SEP) on periodontitis at age 31 years, controlling for adulthood income and education, smoking, and dental hygiene. Sex was included as a covariate. Early-life SEP was measured at participant birth based on income, health services payment mode, maternal education, height, and skin color (lower versus middle/higher SEP). Periodontitis was assessed through clinical examination at age 31 years (healthy, mild periodontitis, or moderate-to-severe disease). Adulthood behaviors (smoking, dental hygiene) were the mediators, and adulthood SEP (education and income) represented the exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounders. A regression-based approach was used to assess the controlled direct effect of early-life SEP on periodontitis. Multinomial regression models were used to estimate risk ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. The prevalences of mild and moderate-to-severe periodontitis were 23.0% and 14.3%, respectively (n = 539). Individuals from the lowest early-life SEP had a higher risk of moderate-to-severe periodontitis controlled for mediators and exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounders: risk ratio = 1.85 (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 3.24), E value 3.1. We found that early-life SEP was associated with the development of periodontitis in adulthood that was not mediated by adulthood SEP and behaviors.

Relationship of Periodontitis in Pregnancy to Premature and Low Birth Weight in a Libyan Women Sample

To assess the relation between periodontitis and the risk of preterm delivery/low birth weight among Libyan women in Benghazi. Methods: A total of 300 Libyan pregnant women attended to the reception of labour department of Al- Jomhuriya Hospital in Benghazi for delivery from May to August 2010 were included in this study. After recording and exclusion of traditional risk factors for premature/low birth weight like; age, weight, smoking, prenatal care, medical history, gestational and obstetric history. They were examined for periodontal status using Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Periodontal Disease Index, all the data obtained were analyzed with the day of delivery and birth‘s weight. Results: The periodontal disease index score (PDI) showed that 47% of the sample had moderate gingivitis, 29% of the sample had mild gingivitis, 10% had severe gingivitis while 11% had mild periodontitis. According to gingival index score, moderate gingivitis had high percentage (60%) which is related to high percentage (51%) in plaque index score. PDI showed insignificant relationship with PLBW at P-value = 0.849. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is no association between periodontitis and premature/low birth weight among Libyan ladies in Benghazi.

Correlation analysis between oral health literacy and disease severity in patients with periodontitis

Objective To analyze the correlation between oral health literacy and disease severity in patients with periodontitis and to understand the influencing factors for oral health literacy. Methods Totally 191 patients with periodontitis attending the outpatient or inpatient service of the Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected. Their general information was collected, and the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) was used to investigate their oral health literacy. The severity of their periodontitis was evaluated according to the indicators as recommended by the Center for Disease Control of the American Academy Periodontology (CDC-AAP) . The difference in oral health literacy between patients with different general information. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between oral health literacy and periodontitis severity. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of oral health literacy. Results Totally 74 sustained mild periodontitis, 60 moderate periodontitis, and 57 severe periodontitis among the 191 patients with periodontitis. The OHL-AQ scores were (14.55±2.59) , (11.26±2.41) and (10.25±2.30) , respectively (F=31.705, P<0.01) . Correlation analysis showed that the severity of periodontitis was negatively correlated with oral health literacy (r=-0.692, P<0.01) . There were statistically significant differences in oral health literacy between patients with different age, educational background, monthly household income, occupation and marital status (F/t=6.054, 51.812, 49.936, 2.594, 2.107; P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, educational background and monthly household income were the influencing factors for oral health literacy (P<0.01) . Conclusions The severity of periodontitis can be ameliorated by improving the patients' oral health literacy. Age, educational background and monthly household income were the influencing factors for oral health literacy. Key words: Oral disease; Periodontitis; Health literacy; Severity; Correlation; Influencing factors

Clinico-immunological justification of the use of a new dental ointment developed on the basis of a long-acting beekeeping product for topical treatment of inflammatory parodontal diseases

Relevance of the research topic. The composition and technology for the manufacture of dental ointment based on antimicrobial metronidazole, anesthetic anesthesin and an immunomodula-tor are substantiated and developed - for the frst time a biological product of the beekeeping product of a large wax moth larvae extract.Puprose – the goal is a clinical and immunological rationale for the use of dental ointment developed composition based on the product of beekeeping for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Materials and methods. Studies have been conducted in patients with inflammatory periodontal disease (CDL), aged from 20 to 70 years. Group I control (n = 25), who had no dental pathology and practically healthy at the time of examination, group II (n = 204) received basic thera-py, group III (n = 120) used a developed dental ointment based on ( Galleria mellonela). Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Analysis of the hygienic and clinical state of periodontal tissues was taken into account by the Green-Vermillion, Russel, PMA indices in the Parma modifcation. The state of local immunity was investi-gated according to the indicators of the leukocyte migration test, the quantitative and qualitative con-tent of spontaneously released mixed saliva, the content of total protein in it, secretory immunoglobu-lin A, lysozyme.Results. The effectiveness of the developed dental ointment is confrmed by the positive dy-namics of clinical indicators in comparison with the basic therapy in 72.3% of cases. The number of sessions per course of treatment for gingivitis and mild periodontitis was reduced to 3, moderate –5–6, and severe to 8 sessions. Indices (GI, PI, PMA) decreased by 6.7; 2.6; 5.1 times, respectively, in comparison with the group before treatment and in 3; 2; 2.6 times, respectively, compared with base-line therapy. Local immunity revealed: an increase in the production of mixed saliva in comparison with baseline data by 2.6 times, its recovery and an increase of 1 ml above the control level (p&gt; 0.05), an increase in protein level (p &lt;0.05), lysozyme concentration and sIgA exceeded the level before the treatment and after the baseline therapy, however, the indices did not recover to the level in the con-trol.Summaru. Inclusion of dental ointment on the basis of Galleria mellonell into the complex therapy of VZP is a means of correcting violations of local immunity and is a promising new dosage form in practical periodontology

Periodontitis links to exacerbation of myocardial dysfunction in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Subjects with diabetes and periodontitis are at high risk of cardiovascular events, while the subclinical alterations of cardiac function in this cohort remain unclear. This cross-sectional study investigated the association of periodontitis with left ventricle (LV) structural and functional abnormalities in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 115 subjects with T2DM were divided into Control group (n=32) with no or mild periodontitis, and the rest with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis (CP) were further categorized into CP-1 (n=41) and CP-2 (n=42) based on disease severity. Echocardiography was performed to precisely assess (a) LV hypertrophy by LV mass index (LVMi); (b) LV diastolic function by tissue Doppler imaging index E/e' ratio; and (c) LV systolic function by speckle tracking derived global longitudinal strain (GLS). Overall, a linear trend in LVMi, E/e', and GLS existed among the Control, CP-1, and CP-2 groups, respectively (P<0.05). After adjustments of multiple confounders, CP-2 subjects showed significantly higher E/e' (log scale, 2.22±0.05 vs 2.07±0.06, P<0.01) and GLS (-17.42±0.46% vs -18.95±0.54%, P<0.05) than the Controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that sites% with probing depth ≥4mm and sites% with clinical attachment loss ≥5mm were independent indicators for E/e' (β=0.005 and β=0.002, P<0.01) and GLS (β=0.03 and β=0.02, P<0.05) , respectively. Moreover, the number of missing teeth was significantly associated with LVMi (β=0.01, P<0.01). This study provides the first evidence that severe periodontitis is significantly associated with the exacerbation of LV diastolic and systolic dysfunction in subjects with T2DM.

Estimation of superoxide dismutase levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid among smokers and non-smokers in periodontitis patients - An Observational Study.

Background:Smoking, which is an important risk factor for periodontitis, induces oxidative stress in the body and causes an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). The present study was done to quantify and compare the level of SOD enzyme levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva among smokers and nonsmokers.Methodology:One hundred and thirty-five individuals in the age range of 20–55 years, including 45 light smokers, 45 heavy smokers, and 45 nonsmokers (controls), were selected and the clinical parameters recorded were plaque index, probing depth, and attachment loss. Smokers were divided into light smokers (<10 cigarettes/day) and heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day) and into three subgroups: healthy, mild periodontitis, and moderate periodontitis. GCF and saliva samples were collected then SOD levels were analyzed using spectrophotometric assay.Results:The mean levels of SOD in the GCF and saliva of smokers were decreased compared to controls. Intra- and inter-group analyses showed a significant reduction in the levels of SOD in the GCF and saliva of heavy smokers compared to light smokers and the control group.Conclusions:There was a progressive reduction in SOD levels from healthy nonsmokers to light smokers to heavy smokers.

PERIODONTAL STATUS

Thalassemia is a worldwide disease. 5-8% of Pakistani population (approx. 8–10 millions) are carrying thalassemia genes. It causes various abnormalities in different organs of patients. In Pakistan (to the best of our knowledge) no research work on oral and maxillofacial manifestation has been carried out, therefore present study was under taken. Setting: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi with collaboration of Husaini Institute of Blood Diseases Karachi, Fatimid Foundation and National institute of Oral Diseases Karachi Pakistan. Period: 2 years June 2013 to June 2015. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of periodontal disease and compare with age in thalassemia patient. Study Design: The sample consisted of 200 patients with Thalassemia Major, 120 males and 80 females aged 5 to 35years, with the mean age18.1. The sample was divided into three subgroups according to age. Clinical examination were carried out to assess the prevalence of change statistical differences in frequencies of percentage between the three groups. Aims of study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of periodontal status of Thalassemic patients and correlate with age from population of Karachi. Methods and Materials: 200 diagnosed β – thalassemia major patients, were randomlyselected form the Patients who were registered for their treatment. Their clinical examination and percentage of recorded feature were calculated and cross tabulated with age and (Ramfjords PDI Index) were used for evaluation of periodontitis and result were deduced. Results: Themost prominent features recorded were periodontitis in 82.5 normal patients were 17.5, Mild periodontitis 45.5% %; Moderate periodontitis 30 %; Severe periodontitis 7%. Conclusion: The increase in severity of Periodontistis increases with age and duration, necessitate regular surveillance and counselling in order to reassure the patient, reduce Periodontitis in thalassemia patients and improve the overall condition and life style of Patients.

Occurrence of Dental Disorders in Dogs

Background: The anatomy of the canine oral cavity and its variations should be understood to facilitate clinical and surgical approaches. Several conditions can be identified during inspection of the oral cavity, including persistent deciduous teeth, enamel hypoplasia, gingival retraction, tooth abrasion and mobility, absence of dental elements, and periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of dental disorders in dogs older than one year, from the microrregion Ilhéus - Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil. Materials, Methods &amp;Results: A total of 74 dogs were evaluated immediately prior to surgical procedures for periodontal disease treatment. After visual inspection and examination with a millimeter probe, the dogs were classified into three groups according to the degree of periodontal disease. All other findings were recorded on an odontogram. Of the 74 dogs, 23 were classified as mild periodontal disease (mean age, 3.6 years), 26 as moderate periodontal disease (mean age, 5.7 years), and 25 as severe periodontal disease (mean age, 9.7 years). There was significant correlation (0.7 p ≤ 0.01) between age and severity of periodontal disease. Fifteen of the 74 dogs did not present any other dental disorder than periodontal disease. Of the remaining 59, nine showed a single dental problem, and 50 had more than one dental problem. Six dogs (of the breeds Pinscher, Yorkshire Terrier, and Lhasa Apso) had deciduous teeth. Of the nine deciduous teeth, all were canine (dental elements 104, 204, and 304). Ten dogs had dental fractures and of the 11 fractured teeth, three were canine (dental elements 104 and 404). Dental wear was observed in 25 dogs (154 teeth). Of the evaluated dogs, seven showed furcation defects and 10 had teeth mobility. Dental absence was observed in 47 dogs.Discussion: In the present study, increased age had a positive correlation with the degree of periodontal disease; this is consistent with reports in the literature, which indicate severity of periodontal disease increases with advancing age. In one of the three cases of enamel hypoplasia, the dog owner reported that the dog presented clinical signs compatible with distemper before the teeth changed, corroborating studies that showed that this virus can act on the enamel cells causing hypoplasia lesions. All the deciduous teeth found were dental elements 104, 204, and 304, consistent with literature reports that these teeth are among the most frequently affected by this condition. In the present paper, of all the teeth examined, the canine teeth presented the majority of fractures. Canine teeth are used for grasping and tearing food, and defense, and are more vulnerable to fractures. Dental wear was observed in many dogs in the present study, presenting as loss of dental surface caused by friction, abrasion, or erosion from a variety of causes. Dental wear may be considered as a physiological process as long as it does not compromise function. Dental mobility is an important clinical sign of periodontal disease and generates pain and discomfort to the patient; in the presence of advanced periodontitis, there is a marked loss of periodontal tissues, including alveolar bone, which is an irreversible process. As the dogs evaluated in the present study were older than one year, any absent teeth could be verified as being due to periodontal disease. In conclusion, disorders of the oral cavity have high prevalence in dogs and must receive special attention to be properly diagnosed and treated.

Contemporary approaches for identifying individual risk for periodontitis

Key breakthroughs in our understanding of the etiology and principles of predictable treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis first emerged in the late 1960s and carried on into the mid-1980s. Unfortunately, some generalizations of the evidence led many to believe that periodontitis was a predictable result of exposure to bacterial plaque accumulations over time. For a brief period, the initial plaque concept was translated by some to implicate specific bacterial infections, with both concepts (plaque exposure and specific infection) being false assumptions that led to clinical outcomes which were frustrating to both the clinician and the patient. The primary misconceptions were that every individual was equally susceptible to periodontitis, that disease severity was a simple function of magnitude of bacterial exposure over time, and that all patients would respond predictably if treated based on the key principles of bacterial reduction and regular maintenance care. We now know that although bacteria are an essential initiating factor, the clinical severity of periodontitis is a complex multifactorial host response to the microbial challenge. The complexity comes from the permutations of different factors that may interact to alter a single individual's host response to challenge, inflammation resolution and repair, and overall outcome to therapy. Fortunately, although there are many permutations that may influence host response and repair, the pathophysiology of chronic periodontitis is generally limited to mild periodontitis with isolated moderate disease in most individuals. However, approximately 20%-25% of individuals will develop generalized severe periodontitis and probably require more intensive bacterial reduction and different approaches to host modulation of the inflammatory outcomes. This latter group may also have serious systemic implications of their periodontitis. The time appears to be appropriate to use what we know and currently understand to change our approach to clinical care. Our goal would be to increase our likelihood of identifying those patients who have a more biologically disruptive response combined with a more impactful microbial dysbiosis. Current evidence, albeit limited, indicates that for those individuals we should prevent and treat more intensively. This paper discusses what we know and how we might use that information to start individualizing risk and treat some of our patients in a more targeted manner. In my opinion, we are further along than many realize, but we have a great lack of prospective clinical evidence that must be accumulated while we continue to unravel the contributions of specific mechanisms.

Improving the efficiency of treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in professional athletes

Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the medication «Pomegranate balm» in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in professional athletes. Methods. Among 475 professional athletes the prevalence of periodontal diseases was studied using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. Silness-Löe plaque index, periodontal index, Muhlemann sulcus bleeding index modified by I. Cowell and biochemical analyses were determined in 51 freestyle and classical style wrestlers divided into three groups: group 1 - 20 athletes with intact periodontium, group 2 - 16 athletes with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, group 3 - 15 wrestlers with the signs of mild periodontitis. Sialometry was performed, the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A and interleukin-8 in oral fluid was measured by the method of enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results. The maximum values of gingival bleeding were recorded in groups 1 and 2 of the examined athletes - 20.9±3.79 and 34.5±3.21%, respectively. The incidence of moderate and severe periodontal diseases in the age group of 24-32 years was in average 14.1±2.35 and 5.5±1.53%, respectively. Use of the drug sharply increased the rate of basic salivation (from 1.98±0.031 to 2.23±0.023 ml/min, p &lt;0.001), and by the end of the investigation, in most of the athletes the earlier observed signs of hyposalivation resolved, and the analysis of laboratory data revealed markedly increased level of secretory immunoglobulin A from 260.2±1.47 to 544.0±6.33 mg×mg-1 protein and decreased levels of interleukin-8 from 2829.6±15.8 to 1224.2±18.0 pg×mg-1 protein (p &lt;0.001). Conclusion. Effective and biologically active preparation based on propolis «Pomegranate balm» can significantly improve the dental status of professional athletes against the background of improving the state of factors of local oral immunity.

Chronic periodontitis and oral health-related quality of life in Chinese adults: A population-based, cross-sectional study.

This population-based, cross-sectional study explored the association between chronic periodontitis and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Chinese adults, independently of sociodemographic factors and other common oral conditions. The present study was carried out in a sample population of 480 adults aged 35 to 74 years from Chongqing municipality. A multi-stage stratified random sampling approach was adopted to select participants. The Chinese version of the short-form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) was used to assess OHRQoL. Chronic periodontitis was trichotomized into mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Logistic regression models were adopted to explore the association between the severity of chronic periodontitis and OHIP-14 scores. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors and other common clinical conditions, participants with severe and moderate chronic periodontitis, respectively, had 1.63- (95% CI: 1.41 to 1.98) and 1.42-fold (95% CI: 1.29 to 1.63) higher odds for the OHIP-14 scores being above the median compared with participants without chronic periodontitis. However, participants with mild periodontitis did not have significantly higher odds for the OHIP-14 scores being above the median than participants without chronic periodontitis. Certain sociodemographic variables, including higher age, lower education level, number of missing teeth, and current smoker, had negative associations with OHRQoL. Chronic periodontitis was associated with poorer OHRQoL in Chinese adults. In addition, the impairment in OHRQoL showed a significant correlation with the severity of chronic periodontitis.

Healing of toothbrush-induced abrasions to keratinized mucosa of the palate in humans: A pilot study.

To the best of our knowledge, the healing time for toothbrush-induced gingival abrasions in humans has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time needed to heal for toothbrush-induced abrasions of the keratinized mucosa of the palate. In patients without, with mild periodontitis or with periodontitis, gingival abrasion lesions were induced at the keratinized mucosa of the palate by brushing up to 2minutes. Healing as observed clinically was followed via calibrated digital photographs of the lesion after staining, every 24hours until the lesion had resolved. In patients without or with only mild periodontitis, the healing time of lesions caused by 30seconds and 1minute of brushing was also recorded. Thirty-one participants (11 without or with mild periodontitis, 20 with periodontitis) met the inclusion criteria. In patients without or with mild periodontitis, the lesions induced by brushing for 2minutes diminished by 48.7% of their original surface area within 24hours. In patients with periodontitis the respective outcome was 45.4% (P=.87). Abrasions caused by 2minutes of brushing needed more than 24hours to heal completely. When decreasing the time exposed to trauma, fewer lesions were visible at baseline and the time needed to heal decreased. The subgroup of smokers was too small to evaluate any effect. The longer the exposure time of the keratinized mucosa of the palate to trauma, the more lesions were visible, the larger the abrasions were and the more time they needed to heal completely. More studies are needed to investigate the role of smoking, gingival biotype and to link these findings with gingival recessions.

Relationship between severity of periodontitis and masseter muscle activity during waking and sleeping hours

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate whether the masseter muscle activity shows any specific pattern in relation to the severity of periodontitis. DesignSixteen subjects with no or mild periodontitis (NMP group) and 15 subjects with moderate or severe periodontitis (MSP group) were enrolled. Plasma IgG antibody titer was examined using Porphyromonas gingivalis as a bacterial antigen. Surface electromyography (EMG) of the masseter muscles was continuously recorded using an ambulatory surface EMG recording device while patients were awake and asleep. Masseter muscle activity was analyzed using intensities of 5%–10% maximal voluntary clenching (MVC), 10%–20% MVC, and >20% MVC. Furthermore, EMG levels of 20% MVC were adopted as the threshold for analysis of phasic, tonic, and mixed EMG activities. The cumulative duration of masseter muscle activity and bruxism episodes was calculated as duration per hour. ResultsThere was no significant difference in plasma IgG antibody titers against P. gingivalis between the NMP and MSP groups (p = 0.423). During waking hours, the duration of masseter muscle activity with an intensity of >20% MVC was significantly longer in the MSP group than in the NMP group (p = 0.037). During sleeping hours, the duration of masseter muscle activity at all MVC intensities was significantly longer in the MSP group than in the NMP group (all p < 0.05). Additionally, the duration of phasic and mixed episodes was significantly longer in the MSP group than those in the NMP group while both awake and asleep (all p < 0.05). ConclusionsThe results of this study suggested that masseter muscle activity might be related to the severity of periodontitis.

Chronic periodontitis and oral health-related quality of life in Chinese adults: A population-based, cross-sectional study.

This population-based, cross-sectional study explored the association between chronic periodontitis and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Chinese adults, independently of sociodemographic factors and other common oral conditions. The present study was carried out in a sample population of 480 adults aged 35 to 74 years from Chongqing municipality. A multi-stage stratified random sampling approach was adopted to select participants. The Chinese version of the short-form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) was used to assess OHRQoL. Chronic periodontitis was trichotomized into mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Logistic regression models were adopted to explore the association between the severity of chronic periodontitis and OHIP-14 scores. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors and other common clinical conditions, participants with severe and moderate chronic periodontitis, respectively, had 1.63- (95% CI: 1.41 to 1.98) and 1.42-fold (95% CI: 1.29 to 1.63) higher odds for the OHIP-14 scores being above the median compared with participants without chronic periodontitis. However, participants with mild periodontitis did not have significantly higher odds for the OHIP-14 scores being above the median than participants without chronic periodontitis. Certain sociodemographic variables, including higher age, lower education level, number of missing teeth, and current smoker, had negative associations with OHRQoL. Chronic periodontitis was associated with poorer OHRQoL in Chinese adults. In addition, the impairment in OHRQoL showed a significant correlation with the severity of chronic periodontitis.

Prevalence of Periodontal Diseases among Patients Attending the Outpatient Department at the College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

Aims: A retrospective study was performed involving 2739 patients who were attending the College of Dentistry outpatient clinic department of King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) during the period of 1st January to 31st December, 2009. Methods: Random data were collected from the patients record files ofthe College of Dentistry who attended from 1st January to 30th December, 2009. Results: Among 2739 patients mean age 32±13 (range 11~82) years, males 86.5% and females 13.5%, were found sufferers of different types of periodontal diseases i.e., gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis cases were found 1722(63.2%), in which mild gingivitis was 49.8%, moderate gingivitis 45.8%, severe gingivitis 1.97%, acute gingivitis 0.52% and puberty gingivitis 1.80%. Total number of patients affected with various forms of periodontitis was 1009 (36.8%), in which mild periodontitis was 57.4%, moderate periodontitis 36.6%, severe periodontitis 4.95% and aggressive periodontitis 0.89%. The prevalence and severity of gingivitis was found increased with age to a peak in the 21~30 years age group, whereas, periodontitis increased significantly (p&lt;0.001) in subjects above the age of 40 years. Conclusion: Using the research results, a greater effort can be made in providing periodontal health to the population of at or around the city of Abha, KSA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13835 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013