Middle Branch Research Articles

Optical parametric oscillator on dipolaritons

The dynamics of dipolariton states in a planar microcavity under pumping into the middle dipolariton branch is investigated. It is shown that, in the case of exact resonance, the system exhibits an aperiodic behavior whereby pump dipolaritons are converted into dipolaritons of the idler and signal modes.

Seeds Capacity of Kranji ( <i>Pongamia pinnata Merril</i>. ) Tree as Renewable Energy

<p>Pongamia pinnata Merrill. (kranji / Mabai / pongam) is a coastal plant that seeds to produce bio-diesel and wood energy, spread from Sumatra to the Moluccas islands there are Kulur Laut (Central Bangka ); Sukarame, Carita (Banten), Batukaras, Ciamis (West Java), National Park Alas Purwo - Banyuwangi (East Java), Kalibukbuk (North Bali); Sambelia, East Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara) Berau, Kulkar and Paser (East Kalimantan) and West Seram (Maluku Islands). </p><p>The aim to get the character of tree, fruit distribution and potential kranji oil supply that can last all year. Because of the requirements to be a source of renewable energy is sustainable fruit production (raw material of bio-diesel). Naturally, this plant has a generative nature (flowering and fruiting) different between individuals than are affected by environmental conditions. </p><p>The results of the census data collection in a single plot observation in August 2009 in the National Park Alas Purwo, the character generative growth there between stands have a different that is 5 finished fruiting trees, 3 young fruit trees, 5 mature fruit trees (ready to harvest) and 3 trees are flowering. While the potential for actual production in the village of Batu Karas (Ciamis) in July 2010, has an average production capacity of as much as 1855 or 2297 pods per tree per tree seed grain, 1000 grain weight of 778.21 grams, the equivalent of 2.45 kg / tree the distance between the nearest tree was 2.49 ± 0.80 m. The plants bear fruit at the age of 3 years. </p><p>Planting can broadly be followed by silvicultural management based generative character of the plant so that fruit production can be sustained and followed by oil production management seed production adapted to be effective and efficient. To get the properties of its parent, this plant can be propagated by cutting the middle branch with a density of 25% gives the percent shade shoots grow by 68.4%. </p><p>Pongamia pinnata has a high potential to be developed as a plant producing bio-diesel material along the coast and on the results of the test crop can grow well in the area of the former mine (Kota Tua Tunu, Bangka) and on marginal land (Parung Panjang, Kabupaten Bogor). The plant roots can symbisis with Rhizobium for clicking of N-fixation from the air. </p><p><strong>Keyword</strong> (kata kunci) : pongamia pinnata, potential seed production, distribution </p>

Geochemical evidence for intermediate water circulation in the westernmost Mediterranean over the last 20 kyr BP and its impact on the Mediterranean Outflow

The Mediterranean Outflow (MOW) is generated by deep and intermediate waters from different basins in the Mediterranean Sea. Despite the number of studies on Mediterranean water masses, little work has been done on the source and properties of intermediate waters in the westernmost Mediterranean Sea and their links with MOW. Here we examine three marine sediment records spanning the last 20kyr, located at key depths to trace intermediate waters along the Alboran Sea. We use a combination of redox-sensitive elements, which can serve as proxies to reconstruct variations in the water column oxygenation and the Nd isotopic composition of foraminiferal ferromanganese coatings, in order to reconstruct water mass provenance of Eastern/Western Mediterranean waters.As measured, εNd<−9.2 and a low U/Th ratio during glacial periods can be attributed to the presence of Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW) at the study sites. During deglaciation, higher Nd isotopic compositions and U/Th ratios point to an enhanced contribution of the modified Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW). The comparison between our data and other LIW and MOW records suggests that i) the lower branch of MOW is linked to WMDW during the glacial period, ii) the middle MOW branch follows LIW activity during deglaciation, while iii) the upper branch is more active during late Holocene, coinciding with LIW formation increase after sapropel deposits. This reconstruction has significant implications for an understanding of the MOW evolution.

Parametric scattering of microcavity polaritons into ghost branches

Polaritons of defined momentum and energy are excited resonantly on the lower polariton branch of a planar semiconductor microcavity in the strong coupling regime, and the spectrally and momentum resolved emission is analyzed. We observe ghost branches from scattering within the lower polariton branch, as well as from scattering to the middle polariton branch, showing the non-linear mixing between different branches. Extending the theoretical treatment of spontaneous parametric luminescence developed in Ciuti et al., Phys. Rev. B 63, 041303 (2001), the eigenmodes of the driven polariton system and its photoluminescence are modeled.

Anatomic basis of the middle temporal artery periosteal rotational flap in otologic surgery.

To describe the elements critical to successful middle temporal artery periosteal rotational flap harvest and utilization based on the anatomic features of the middle temporal artery. Description of anatomy based on cadaver dissection. Seventy temporal fossa dissections were performed on 35 adult human cadavers. Sixty-nine of 70 dissections had an identifiable middle temporal artery muscular branch pedicle in the periosteum deep to the temporalis muscle. Pedicle length was at least 7 cm in 32 of 38 (84%) male cadavers and in 20 of 31 (65%) female cadavers (P = 0.054), whereas the average length required to reach the digastric ridge from the pedicle base to the digastric ridge in a mastoidectomy cavity was 5.2 cm. The pedicle sharply transitions from a posterior to a posterior-superior course 0.93 cm superior (range: 0.5-1.9 cm) and 0.04 cm posterior (range: 1.4 cm posterior-0.7 cm anterior) to the spine of Henle. Branching occurred in 26 of 69 pedicles (38%), and 20 of 31 (65%) branches were oriented posteriorly. If temporalis muscle fibers are not incorporated into the flap, the thickness is roughly three times that of a standard temporalis fascia graft. The muscular branch of the middle temporal artery is reliably identified in the periosteum deep to the posterior aspect of the temporalis muscle, and this vessel is sufficiently robust to provide axial blood supply to a rotational periosteal flap that has sufficient thickness and length to allow a variety of applications in otologic surgery. NA. Laryngoscope, 126:1426-1432, 2016.

How does a secular instability grow in a hyperaccretion flow?

Abstract Hyperaccretion flows with mass accretion rates far above the Eddington rate have an N-shaped equilibrium curve on the Σ–$\skew{3}\dot{M}$ plane (with Σ and $\skew{3}\dot{M}$ being surface density and mass accretion rate, respectively). The accretion flow on the lower Σ branch of the N-shape is optically thick, advection-dominated accretion flow, while that on the upper one is neutrino-dominated accretion flow. The middle branch has a negative slope on the Σ–$\skew{3}\dot{M}$ plane, meaning that the flow on this branch is secularly unstable. To investigate how the instability affects the flow structure and what observable signatures are produced, we study the time evolution of the unstable hyperaccretion flow in response to variable mass injection rates by solving the height-averaged equations for viscous accretion flows. When a transition occurs from the lower branch to the upper branch (or from the upper branch to the lower branch), the surface density rapidly increases (decreases) around that transition region, which induces locally enhanced mass flow (referred to as non-steady mass flow) into (out of) that region. We confirm that the non-steady flow can create a kind of disturbance and that it propagates over the whole disk. However, the non-steady mass flow is not strong enough to induce coherent transition over the whole disk, unless the mass injection rate varies with time. When the injection rate continuously changes, the neutrino luminosity varies intermittently, thus producing step-function-like light curves, as the radiation efficiency discontinuously changes every time the local transition occurs. The effects of changing the N-shape and possible observational consequences on the gamma-ray burst emission are briefly discussed.

A TWO-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF A FEMALE PATIENT WITH RECURRENT PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM AFTER SUCCESSFUL COMBINED TREATMENT

Objective: to describe a clinical case of recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with developed chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and successful stenting of the pulmonary artery branch after ineffective thrombolysis. Patient Ch. born in 1978 was admitted to a cardiology unit with suspected PTE. The patient complained of obvious resting dyspnea increasing with minimal physical exercise. Blood test revealed leukocytosis, D-dimer just above the normal value. Electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm, right axis deviation, and complete right bundle-branch block. EchoCG indicated right hearth dilatation with an increase in systolic pressure gradient across the tricuspid valve up to 60 mm Hg. Lower extremity venous duplex scanning revealed a muscle vein dilated up to 14 mm with echogenic parietal deposits in the muscle thickness at the middle third of the right leg; compression was virtually complete; the valves were incompetent and a muscle vein irregularly dilated up to 7 mm in the middle third of the left leg; the walls were uneven; compression was complete. Angiopulmonography detected occlusion of the lower and middle lobe branches of the right pulmonary artery and the lower lobe branch of the left pulmonary artery. Results. It was decided to perform local thrombolysis in terms of the patient»s young age, obvious clinical symptoms (New-York Heart Association Functional Class (FC) III–IV dyspnea) and the data of earlier studies on the benefit from thrombolysis in intermediate-risk persons and a council of a vascular surgeon, a cardiologist, and an X-ray endovascular diagnosis and treatment physician, and an invasive specialist. The patient underwent local thrombolysis with purolase 6,000,000 IU. Control angiopulmonography revealed no positive changes in the branches of the pulmonary artery. Because of ineffective thrombolysis and the persistence of significant pulmonary hypertension and FC III–IV dyspnea, the patient underwent conduction recanalization of the area of left lower lobe pulmonary artery occlusion, percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty, and endoprosthesis replacement with an 8.0–29-mm holometallic peripheral stent. Control angiopulmonography showed that the arterial lumen was completely restored and blood flow was not distally embolized. Conclusion. This clinical case is an example of the delayed diagnosis of recurrent PTE, which was a reason for ineffective thrombolytic therapy that had been performed 11 days after the onset of an episode. In this situation, percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty and pulmonary artery branch stenting can improve the status of a patient and reduce the risk of CTEPH in the future. In spite of its apparent ease, angioplasty can cause problems: impossibility and hazard of enhanced contrasting of the pulmonary artery; extensive injury of its branches; arterial cicatricial process associated with multiple episodes of PTE. After angioplasty, patients may develop reperfusion pulmonary edema, the causes of which are fully unclear. However, the successful intervention makes it possible to lower pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and blood NT-proBNP levels and to increase exercise tolerance. At the present time, a number of centers are performing such procedures in patients with CTEPH. This requires 2–3 balloon inflations per session. Holometallic stent placement can decrease the number of necessary inflations and reinterventions in the future. This clinical case demonstrates that pulmonary artery stenting is successful in the patient with recurrent PTE after ineffective thrombolysis.

Kemampuan Pertumbuhan Setek Tanaman Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik)

This study aims to determine the growing ability of cuttings derived from the top, middle and bottom branches of the gedi plant. Research conducted ecperimentally by using a randomized block design (RAK), which consists of 3 treatment namely cuttings derived from top, middle and bottom branches of the plant. The results showed that the position of the branch significantly affected the shoot formation time and shoot length, but not to shoots and leaf’s number. Cuttings from top and middle branch performed better vegetative growth than those from the bottom branch.

Middle cerebral artery branch occlusion mimicking an aneurysm.

Middle cerebral artery branch occlusion mimicking an aneurysm.

Radiative coupling between multi-component excitons in ZnO thin films

We study the linear optical responses of of ZnO, in which the degeneracy of the p-like states at the Γ point is lifted by the crystal field and spin-orbit interaction, and the n = 1 (A- and B-) excitons are optically allowed under the condition of E ⊥ c. The coupled system of the light and multi-component excitonsforms the three branches, i. e., lower, middle, and upper branches through the radiative coupling between A- and B-excitons. We theoretically reveal the ratio of the components of A- and B-excitons in the respective branches which is determined from diagonalization of self-consistent equation of the nonlocal induced-polarization and Maxwell electric field.

Magnetic turbulence and thermodynamics in the inner region of protoplanetary discs

Using radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulations with realistic opacities and equation of state, and zero net magnetic flux, we have explored thermodynamics in the inner part of protoplanetary discs where magnetic turbulence is expected. The thermal equilibrium curve consists of the upper, lower, and middle branches. The upper (lower) branch corresponds to hot (cool) and optically very (moderately) thick discs, respectively, while the middle branch is characterized by convective energy transport near the midplane. Convection is also the major energy transport process near the low surface density end of the upper branch. There, convective motion is fast with Mach numbers reaching $\gtrsim 0.01$, and enhances both magnetic turbulence and cooling, raising the ratio of vertically-integrated shear stress to vertically-integrated pressure by a factor of several. This convectively enhanced ratio seems a robust feature in accretion discs having an ionization transition. We have also examined causes of the S-shaped thermal equilibrium curve, as well as the thermal stability of the equilibrium solutions. Finally, we compared our results with the disc instability models used to explain FU Ori outbursts. Although the thermal equilibrium curve in our results also exhibits bistability, the surface density contrast across the bistability is an order of magnitude smaller, and the stress-to-pressure ratios in both upper and lower branches are two orders of magnitude greater, than those favored in the disc instability models. It therefore appears likely that FU Ori outbursts are not due solely to a thermal-viscous limit cycle resulting from accretion driven by local magnetic turbulence.

Catheter based selective hypothermia reduces stroke volume during focal cerebral ischemia in swine

BackgroundTotal body hypothermia is an established neuroprotectant in global cerebral ischemia. The role of hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke remains uncertain. Selective application of hypothermia to a region of focal...

Abstract W P20: Acute Stroke Following Carotid Endarterectomy: Time for a Paradigm Shift?

Introduction: Stroke in the immediate post operative period following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is usually due to carotid thrombosis. Many centers have begun incorporating angiography before re-exploration, which has the advantage of confirming carotid occlusion and treating tandem intracranial lesions. The aim of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of this strategy. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all cases undergoing stenting of the carotid artery following carotid endarterectomy from November 2009 to June 2013 at four tertiary care centers. Charts and angiographic images were reviewed. 11 cases of carotid thrombosis within 72 hours of CEA and subsequent stent reconstruction are summarized. Results: Five patients had greater than 70% carotid stenosis prior to carotid endarterectomy. One patient had intraoperative occlusion and dissection of the ICA which was noted on intraoperative carotid duplex ultrasound. All patients underwent post operative computer tomography (CT) or computer tomography perfusion (CTP) scans with subsequent cerebral angiography and stent reconstruction within 11 hours of symptom onset. Two patients had tandem middle cerebral artery M3 branch occlusion which was successfully recannalized. In all cases, recanalization was successfully completed between 40 to 160 minutes. There were no procedural complications. Conclusion: Emergent endovascular evaluation in the setting of acute post CEA thrombosis is a safe and timely treatment option, with the benefit of detecting and treating embolic intracranial lesions. More investigation is necessary to define the role of immediate angiography and intervention in this rare surgical complication.

Effect of Nitrogen Application Amounts on Uptake and Utilization of Potassium in Cotton Grown in Improved Coastal Saline Land Regions

A field experiment using transgenic cotton cultivar Xiangzamian 8 with different nitrogen application amounts(0, 150, 300, 375, 450, and 600 kg N ha–1) was carried out in the coastal improved saline land region of Dafeng City in 2010 and 2012. Results showed that the nitrogen application increased potassium uptake of cotton at different growth stages, with the highest increment at the peak flowering-boll opening stage, and the percentages of potassium uptake decreased from seedling to peak flowering stages, but increased from peak flowering to boll maturing stages. In addition, nitrogen application lowered the decreasing speed of potassium concentration in middle and upper fruiting branches at later growth stages, but had less influence on lower fruiting branches. The marginal effect of potassium uptake(promoted amount of potassium uptake due to 1 kg increase of N application) showed an upward-downward trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The higher the position of fruiting branches grown, the more the nitrogen amount demanded to meet the highest marginal effect of potassium uptake. Under the nitrogen application of 300–375 kg ha–1, the economic coefficient of biomass and potassium was relatively high, eigenvalues of dynamic model of potassium content and potassium accumulation were relatively coordinate, and the marginal effect of potassium uptake and lint production efficiency of potassium were relatively high in middle and upper fruiting branches. Excessively high nitrogen application resulted in a relatively narrow rise of yield, and the marginal effect of potassium uptake and lint production efficiency of potassium were relatively low; excessively low nitrogen application, however, also resulted in a lower yield, as economic coefficient of biomass and potassium was relatively low.

Innervation of the Anterior Capsule of the Human Knee: Implications for Radiofrequency Ablation.

Chronic knee pain is common in all age groups. Some patients who fail conservative therapy benefit from radiofrequency neurotomy. Knowledge of the anatomy is critical to ensure a successful outcome. The purpose of this study was to reanalyze the innervation to the anterior knee capsule from the perspective of the interventional pain practitioner. The study included a comprehensive literature review followed by dissection of 8 human knees to identify the primary capsular innervation of the anterior knee joint. Photographs and measurements were obtained for each relevant nerve branch. Stainless-steel wires were placed along the course of each primary innervation, and radiographs were obtained. Literature review revealed a lack of consensus on the number and origin of nerve branches innervating the anterior knee capsule. All dissections revealed the following 6 nerves: superolateral branch from the vastus lateralis, superomedial branch from the vastus medialis, middle branch from the vastus intermedius, inferolateral (recurrent) branch from the common peroneal nerve, inferomedial branch from the saphenous nerve, and a lateral articular nerve branch from the common peroneal nerve. Nerve branches showed variable proximal trajectories but constant distal points of contact with femur and tibia. The inferolateral peroneal nerve branch was found to be too close to the common peroneal nerve, making it inappropriate for radiofrequency neurotomy. The innervation of the anterior capsule of the knee joint seems to follow a constant pattern making at least 3 of these nerves accessible to percutaneous ablation. To optimize clinical outcome, well-aligned radiographs are critical to guide lesion placement.

CaCl2‐Accelerated Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate: A STXM Study Combined with 29Si MAS NMR

The effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on tricalcium silicate (C3S) hydration was investigated by scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM) with Near Edge X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectra and 29Si MAS NMR. STXM is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for studying the chemical composition of a cement‐based hydration system. The Ca L3,2‐edge NEXAFS spectra obtained by examining C3S hydration in the presence of CaCl2 showed that this accelerator does not change the coordination of calcium in the calcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H), which is the primary hydration product. O K‐edge NEXAFS is also very useful in distinguishing the chemical components in hydrated C3S. Based on the Ca L3,2‐edge spectra and chemical component mapping, we concluded that CaCl2 prefers to coexist with unhydrated C3S instead of C‐S‐H. In Si K‐edge NEXAFS analysis, CaCl2 increases the degree of silicate polymerization of C‐S‐H in agreement with the 29Si CP/MAS NMR results, which show that the presence of CaCl2 in hydrated C3S considerably accelerates the formation of middle groups (Q2) and branch sites (Q3) in the silicate chains of C‐S‐H gel at 1‐day hydration.

Bifurcations in the Wilson--Cowan Equations with Nonsmooth Firing Rate

The Wilson--Cowan (WC) equations represent a common means of studying the dynamics between excitatory and inhibitory populations of neurons. A number of recent experimental papers suggest that the cerebral cortex lies in the so-called inhibitory stabilized network (ISN) state, which means that there is an equilibrium state that intersects the middle branch of the excitatory nullcline [H. Ozeki et al., Neuron, 62 (2009), pp. 578--592]. A commonly used simplification replaces the smooth firing rate function with the Heaviside step function. In this paper, we explore the consequences of the nonsmooth approximation on the dynamics for WC systems that have such a middle-branch equilibrium in their smooth analogue. In the nonsmooth system, the inhibitory stabilized state corresponds to a pseudo focus (or focal crossing) occurring at the intersection of two switching manifolds---the subject of current work in nonsmooth systems theory. To study the dynamics we introduce and use techniques from Filippov systems an...

Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus in chimpanzees and humans

Many of the behavioral capacities that distinguish humans from other primates rely on fronto-parietal circuits. The superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) is the primary white matter tract connecting lateral frontal with lateral parietal regions; it is distinct from the arcuate fasciculus, which interconnects the frontal and temporal lobes. Here we report a direct, quantitative comparison of SLF connectivity using virtual in vivo dissection of the SLF in chimpanzees and humans. SLF I, the superior-most branch of the SLF, showed similar patterns of connectivity between humans and chimpanzees, and was proportionally volumetrically larger in chimpanzees. SLF II, the middle branch, and SLF III, the inferior-most branch, showed species differences in frontal connectivity. In humans, SLF II showed greater connectivity with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas in chimps SLF II showed greater connectivity with the inferior frontal gyrus. SLF III was right-lateralized and proportionally volumetrically larger in humans, and human SLF III showed relatively reduced connectivity with dorsal premotor cortex and greater extension into the anterior inferior frontal gyrus, especially in the right hemisphere. These results have implications for the evolution of fronto-parietal functions including spatial attention to observed actions, social learning, and tool use, and are in line with previous research suggesting a unique role for the right anterior inferior frontal gyrus in the evolution of human fronto-parietal network architecture.

Diagnosis and treatment of a dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with progressive parkinsonism and dementia: A case report and literature review.

A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) presenting with parkinsonism and dementia is rare; thus, is easily misdiagnosed. The present study reports the case of a 62-year-old male with mobility disabilities and a cognitive disorder. The initial symptoms were progressive symmetrical limb stiffness and weakness without significant limb tremor, and subsequently the appearance of progressive memory loss, behavioral abnormalities and a decline in the activities of daily living. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an enlarged vascular shadow at the meninges of the left temporal lobe. In addition, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed a DAVF in the left temporal region, fed by the bilateral middle meningeal arteries and meningeal branches of the vertebral artery, which were enlarged abnormally, with poor venous reflux to the superior sagittal sinus. The patient was treated with transarterial embolization therapy. Intraoperative angiography showed almost complete embolization of the DAVF. At day 3 following the surgery, the muscle tension of the bilateral limbs decreased significantly. After two weeks, the memory ability of the patient had recovered to the level prior to the onset, and the gait was stable. At one month post-surgery, the patient was able to take care of himself completely, and after three months, a stereotactic treatment was conducted for the residual fistula. At the one year follow-up, neurological examination revealed that the patient had recovered normally. In conclusion, progressive parkinsonism and dementia with an abnormal flow void shadow on cranial MRI films should be considered as a possible diagnosis of a DAVF. In these cases, DSA and endovascular treatment are recommended as soon as possible.

Study of the renal segmental arterial anatomy with contrast-enhanced multi-detector computed tomography.

To use triphasic multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) to study the renal segmental arterial anatomy and its relationship with the urinary tract to plan nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). One hundred and fifty nine patients underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced MDCT. We evaluated renal arteries and parenchymal vasculature. In 61 patients, the arteries and the urinary tract were represented simultaneously. 86.60% presented a single renal artery; 13.4%, multiple arteries. All single renal arteries divided into anterior and posterior branch before the hilum. The anterior artery branched into a superior, middle, and inferior branch. In 43.14%, the inferior artery arose before the others; in 45.75%, the superior artery arose before the others; in 9.80%, the branches shared a common trunk. In 26.80%, the posterior artery supplies the entire posterior surface; in 73.20%, it ends along the inferior calyx. In 96.73%, the upper pole was vascularized by the anterior superior branch and the posterior artery: the "tuning fork". MDCT showed four vascular segments in 96.73% and five in 3.27%. MDCT showed two avascular areas: the first along the projection of the inferior calyx on the posterior aspect, the second between the branches of the "tuning fork". The arterial phase provides the arterial tree representation; the delayed phase shows arteries and urinary tract simultaneously. MDCT provides a useful representation of the renal anatomy prior to intervascular-intrarenal NSS.