TEMIS: A temperature-controlled microwave irradiation system for enhancing extracellular vesicle secretion.

Signatures of fractional Josephson effect in Josephson junctions based on the higher-order topological insulator WTe2

Enhancing vibrational energy absorption in banana stem fibers through π–π stacking of curcumin on lignocellulose and structural reorganization by microwave irradiation

Synthesis and anti-lung cancer evaluation of fused pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine linked isoxazoles and 1,2,3-triazoles: PEG-400 mediated one-pot reaction under microwave irradiation.

A microwave-programmable abiotic/biotic hybrid system for integrated tumor eradication, immune activation, and bone regeneration.

Structural evolution of multi-modified dietary fiber from white kidney bean residue and its mechanisms for enhancing the stability of white kidney bean milk.

Addressing microwave irradiation for the facile preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose.

Synergistic effect of microwave and saponin on solubilization and biohydrogen potential from dairy activated sludge

Glycolysis inhibition-based breakdown of ferroptosis defenses to achieve ferroptosis and immune cascades for antitumor therapy.

Liquid-state 19F Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) was applied to several organic compounds using 1,3-bis(diphenylene)-2-phenylallyl (BDPA) as the polarizing agent. 19F DNP enhancement factors ranging between 3- and 37-fold were achieved upon microwave irradiation at 395 GHz/14.1 T. These results were obtained using a conventional liquid-state NMR probehead, modified to incorporate a waveguide for the microwaves capable of delivering ≈13-30 W of power emanating from a gyrotron source, as well as a field-sweeping coil for precise tuning of the Overhauser effect resonance condition. Experiments were conducted on ≈70 μL sample volumes, yielding spectral resolutions that were comparable to those of standard liquid-state 19F NMR. These studies were complemented with quantitative determinations of BDPA's T1e and T2e relaxation times in these liquids, using pulsed-echo and inversion-recovery measurements at 94 GHz. From these data, saturation factors, leakage factors and BDPA coupling factors, could be extracted for each fluorinated system. The resulting coupling factors ranged from -0.0067 to -0.14, depending on the analyte and solvent system used. While heating issues remain to be resolved, these results open new vistas for performing high-field 19F DNP NMR on organic liquids, on sample volumes of relevance in chemical analysis. Such approaches could significantly broaden the applicability of liquid-state 19F DNP for small-molecule NMR in analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry, and eventually for the detection and characterization of environmentally persistent PFAS compounds.

A sealed-vessel approach produced high-purity wurtzite hexagonal ZnO nanorods (P63mc, JCPDS 00-36-1451) with an exceptionally rapid holding duration of 50 s at 150 °C, utilizing microwave radiation from a Monowave 400 reactor. The process is more rapid than prior microwave methods, which require 2-7 min, and is significantly quicker than hydrothermal and sol-gel techniques that take hours to days, utilizing less than 10 Wh of energy compared to the energy-intensive hydrothermal method (energy savings exceeding 95%). The XRD study indicated a Scherrer crystallite size of 25.22 nm, a crystallinity of 48.5%, and a microstrain, as per the Williamson-Hall equation, of ε × 103 = 3.39. The results are consistent with a highly organized hexagonal wurtzite structure characterized by cell parameters a = b = 3.2494 Å and c = 5.2066 Å. A TEM study of 100 nanorods revealed a uniform morphology with an average diameter of 22.4 ± 3.2 nm, a length of 185 ± 25 nm, and an aspect ratio of 8.3 ± 1.4, indicating preferential development along the c-axis attributable to microwave coupling. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer yielded a cutoff absorption wavelength of λ = 374 nm, which corresponds to a band gap energy of 3.318 eV. The Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra validated the lattice vibrations of Zn-O bonds at 436 and 630 cm-1. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) revealed a near-stoichiometric composition (Zn = 51.48% and O = 48.52%), with no detected contaminants.

Effects of ultrasound duration and microwave temperature control synergistic on antioxidant metabolite libraries and mechanistic pathways in Camellia oil.

Extra-heavy oil is an important strategic energy resource, but its ultra-high viscosity severely limits efficient production. Conventional thermal recovery and chemical flooding are often associated with high energy consumption, environmental concerns, and limited reservoir adaptability. In this study, an intelligent responsive magnetic Janus nanocatalyst (IRMJN) was developed and coupled with microwave irradiation to enable low-energy and controllable in situ upgrading and oil mobilization. IRMJN features a spatially separated multifunctional architecture, in which Fe₃O₄ serves as the magnetic core for rapid recovery, MoS₂ nanosheets are selectively anchored on one side as catalytic active sites, and graphene quantum dots enhance microwave absorption to generate a synergistic nanoscale hotspot effect. Long-chain alkyl groups grafted onto the magnetic side further impart interfacial orientation capability. Under optimized conditions, the IRMJN-microwave system reduced the viscosity of extra-heavy oil by more than 95% at a bulk temperature of 100°C, clearly outperforming microwave treatment alone and conventional catalytic systems. Core flooding tests showed an additional oil recovery of more than 18.5% after water flooding. The catalyst also exhibited excellent magnetic recoverability and cycling stability. These results provide a promising strategy for the green and efficient development of extra-heavy oil resources.

C-C conjugated carbohydrate-porphyrin hybrid: Its therapeutic potential in photodynamic therapy and cellular uptake studies.

Objective.Electrical neuromodulation, the current clinical standard, is invasive, expensive, and prone to malfunction. Electromagnetic waves can perform noninvasive neuromodulation, but existing methods are limited by the tradeoff between penetration depth and spatial precision. Microwaves in the 0.9-3 GHz range are widely used for telecommunications and can penetrate to the deep brain. Microwaves have been shown to nonthermally modulate neural activity, but the acute cellular bioeffects remain unclear and under-studied.Approach.Here, we employ a miniaturized microwave-powered neuromodulation implantable device (MINI) to investigate the roles of ion channels in microwave-mediated thermal stimulation and nonthermal inhibition. The MINI enabled electrophysiological recordings of neurons exposed to microwaves, which elucidated the differential effects of pulsed and continuous microwaves on neurons. We further investigated the cellular mechanisms of microwave neuromodulation using voltage imaging and channel blockers.Main results.We determined that inhibition occurs via nonthermal upregulation of TREK-1 channel activity while stimulation occurs via thermal activation of TRPV-1 channels.Significance.These findings build the foundation for developing microwave-based wireless neuromodulation devices for drug-free treatment of seizures and chronic pain. Additionally, they provide a basis for nonthermal microwave bioeffects which should be considered when setting exposure limits.

For decades, the synthesis of B,B',B″-tri(aryl)borazines (N-H borazines) has been restricted to a limited number of studies with minimal structural diversity explored. Addressing this limitation, we developed a synthetic method exploiting cyclic boronates and a commercially available hafnium complex, Hf(OTf)4, as a catalyst. A range of N-H borazines is formed under microwave irradiation in a biomass-derived solvent, in a short reaction time of just 45 min, with high yields. This approach improved synthetic efficiency and functional group compatibility, enabling a more sustainable process and paving the way for further exploration of borazine applications.

Synergistic utilization of steel slag and activated coke for microwave-induced simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification.

Bacopa monnieri is a medicinal herb rich in triterpenoid saponins, particularly bacoside A3, which contribute to its neuropharmacological activity. In the present study, a combined ultrasound–microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) strategy was optimized using Response Surface Methodology based on a Box–Behnken design to enhance extract concentration, total saponin content, and antioxidant activity. Ultrasonic time (15–30 min), microwave power (100–300 W), and microwave irradiation time (2–6 min) were selected as independent variables. The developed quadratic models were highly significant (p < 0.0001) with strong predictive capability of R2 value (0.9659) and non-significant lack-of-fit (p > 0.05). Under optimized conditions (26.23 min ultrasonic time, 204 W microwave power, and 3.8 min irradiation), the extract concentration reached 47.24 mg/mL, total saponin content (VSAA) was 230.75 µg/mL, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was 78.22%. HPLC analysis confirmed enhanced bacoside A3 recovery (0.32%) in UMAE-treated samples compared to Soxhlet extraction (0.04%), representing an eightfold increase. Raman, FTIR, and SEM analyses further confirmed structural modification and improved mass transfer resulting from ultrasound–microwave synergy. These findings demonstrate that RSM-optimized UMAE provides a rapid, efficient, and reproducible platform for maximizing bacoside recovery from Bacopa monnieri.

Black phosphorus quantum dots modulate the electronic structure of Bi12MnO20 catalyst to enhance periodate activation and 1O2-dominated tetracycline hydrochloride degradation under microwave irradiation

Experimental study on the effect of electrode insertion depth on the breakup behavior of ADN-based propellant droplets under microwave irradiation