Interfacial polarization-dominated electromagnetic attenuation in biomass-origin porous carbon materials.

Defect-customized ZIF-derived nanostructured load FeC: Dual-function study on efficient Electro-Fenton degradation and microwave absorption

Ostwald ripening of hollow MOFs regulated by solvent proticity for enhanced microwave absorption performance.

Synergistic enhancement of magnetic and microwave absorption properties in Ba substituted DyFeO3 perovskite

Atomic-scale gradual architecture in conductive metal-organic frameworks for microwave absorption.

Enhancing microwave absorption performance of graphite via FeCl3 intercalation and post heat treatment

Bioinspired hierarchical FBN@Ni@MWCNTs architectures for synergistic ultra-broadband microwave absorption coupled with efficient thermal conduction, corrosion resistance and environmental robustness

Green chemistry approach enables ultra-broad microwave absorption and high corrosion resistance in traditional FeSiCr electromagnetic wave absorbers

Ultra-broadband, omnidirectional and high-efficiency microwave absorption via nonlinear stacked hyperbolic metamaterials

CoFe loaded sponge carbon composites with size changes for microwave absorption: Effects of hydrogen pressure

Yolk-shell structural engineering has demonstrated significant advantages in achieving high-performance microwave absorption for multicomponent systems; however, the electromagnetic response mechanism of single-component yolk-shell structure absorbers remain underexplored. This study develops a multistep strategy to fabricate yolk-shell-structured Fe3O4 (YS-Fe3O4), which exhibits a substantially broadened effective absorption bandwidth of 6.87 GHz and a RCS reduction value of 40.76 dB m2, significantly outperforming its solid spherical counterparts (5.39 GHz, 21.1 dB·m2). Experimental results and theoretical simulations reveal that the enhanced microwave absorption originates from the synergistic optimization of dielectric and magnetic loss, which simultaneously improves impedance matching and attenuation capability. Specifically, abundant Fe3O4/air interfaces and increased oxygen vacancy reinforce the dominance of polarization loss and introduce a supplementary conductive loss at low frequency, thereby strengthening multichannel synergy in dielectric dissipation. Concurrently, the enhanced ferromagnetic resonance contributes to a prominent increase in magnetic loss. In agreement with experiments, molecular dynamics simulations validate the enhancement of polarization-driven dielectric loss, while finite element simulation demonstrates the improved magnetic domain motion and magnetization mechanism. This study provides profound theoretical and computational insights into the electromagnetic response mechanism of yolk-shell structures, offering a valuable guidance for designing high-performance microwave absorbers.

ABSTRACT To address the increasing demand for improved security, integration, and intelligence in microwave technology, it is crucial to develop lightweight and broadband microwave‐absorbing materials (MAMs) with multifunctional properties and to construct corresponding electromagnetic devices. This study fabricates hollow MXene@Carbon microfibers through a biomass‐templating and electrostatic self‐assembly strategy, which were subsequently assembled with polydimethylsiloxane to produce flexible, lightweight and thermally stable composites. Owing to one‐dimensional hollow structure and multi‑component synergy, the composite demonstrates exceptional lightweight broadband microwave absorption along with efficient photothermal conversion performance. The effective absorption bandwidth reaches 7.08 GHz (1.77 mm) and 8.92 GHz (2.4 mm), corresponding to specific absorption bandwidths of 36.7 and 35.4 GHz g − 1 cm 2 , respectively, while the visible light absorption attains 97%. Furthermore, a device integrating microwave stealth and light‑responsive power generation functions was designed and characterized. This device not only achieves microwave radar stealth but also generates stable and tunable voltage output under light illumination. This work not only advances the development of MAMs but also provides a novel strategy for designing multifunctional electromagnetic devices.

MXene-based microwave absorbers have received extensive attention owing to their high electrical conductivity, abundant interfacial polarization sites, and tunable surface terminations. However, the structure–property relationship of MXene composites remains highly nonlinear, and the design of high-efficiency absorbers still relies heavily on trial-and-error experiments. Herein, multidimensional magnetic components, including zero-dimensional (0D) Fe3O4 nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1D) Fe3O4/Co3O4 nanowires, and two-dimensional (2D) Fe3O4-based heterostructures, were rationally integrated with Fe/MXene and Fe/Co/MXene nanosheets to engineer synergistic dielectric and magnetic losses. Comprehensive electromagnetic characterization and loss mechanism analysis reveal that the structural dimensionality strongly impacts impedance matching and attenuation capability. To further enable predictive and data-driven optimization, a machine learning framework was established to correlate the microstructure, component ratio, thickness, and electromagnetic parameters with the microwave absorption performance (e.g., minimum reflection loss (RLmin), effective absorption bandwidth (EAB)). The optimized multidimensional composite achieves an RLmin of −56.4 dB at 10.2 GHz with an EAB of 8.4 GHz (9.6–18.0 GHz) at a thin matching thickness of 1.8 mm. The machine learning model demonstrates excellent accuracy (R2 = 0.947) and enables the inverse design of absorber geometries to target specific operational frequencies. This work provides a generalizable paradigm for the intelligent design of MXene-based microwave absorbers and opens up broader opportunities for the AI-accelerated discovery of advanced electromagnetic functional materials.

Magnetic porous carbon foams, with low density, strong attenuation, and improved impedance matching, have been introduced as effective microwave absorbers to combat electromagnetic interference. In this study, morphology regulation of CoMn-MOF derived composites anchored on carbon foam were prepared by in situ growth and high-temperature pyrolysis. The pyrolysis temperature significantly influences the structural and chemical properties of the magnetic carbon foams. At a matching thickness of 1.45 mm, the material yielded a wide absorption bandwidth of 4.46 GHz, along with a minimum reflection loss of -51.54 dB at 1.55 mm. The excellent microwave absorption properties were contributed to the conductive loss, dipole polarization, interfacial polarization, natural resonance, exchange resonance, and impedance matching. The prepared magnetic porous carbon foams also integrate thermal insulation property. This work established a promising design strategy for advanced microwave absorbers that combine low density with high absorption efficiency, broadband absorption capabilities, and thermal insulation properties.

ABSTRACT To enhance the electromagnetic stealth functionality of carbon fiber (CF)‐based thermoplastic composites, surface modification serves as a commonly employed approach. However, maintaining the structural integrity of modified layers under harsh processing conditions remains challenging, often compromising the functional reliability of the final composites. This work presents a heterogeneous architecture in which NiCo alloy nanoparticles are encapsulated within aramid nanofilm (ANF) and firmly attached to the CF surface. This configuration improves the interfacial adhesion between CF and polyamide 6 (PA6), while also counteracting the mechanical weakening caused by fiber damage during high‐temperature reduction. Furthermore, this architecture enhances the composite's impedance matching and electromagnetic wave attenuation capacity. The resultant ANF@NiCo‐CF/PA6 material demonstrated outstanding microwave absorption characteristics, attaining a minimum reflection loss of −60.73 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.9 GHz at only 1.5 mm in thickness. This modification strategy demonstrates excellent structural stability under composite processing conditions, offering a novel pathway for developing CF‐reinforced thermoplastic stealth composites with superior interfacial and functional properties.

Abstract This paper presents the design of a microwave absorber that is optically transparent, flexible, conformal to curved surfaces, offers high shielding effectiveness, and operates over a broad bandwidth. The absorber consists of a horseshoe-shaped metallic grid reflective backplane, a double horseshoe-ring top resonant layer, and a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dielectric layer. Leveraging the high ductility of the horseshoe structure under stretching and bending, the absorber enables long-term conformal applications. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) for the horseshoe grid shielding layer is established to elucidate the influence of its structural parameters on the shielding effectiveness; this model is then extended to the overall absorber design, with ECM calculation results showing good agreement with full-wave simulations. The absorber achieves an absorption rate greater than 90% within the 4-14 GHz frequency band, corresponding to a relative bandwidth of 111.1%. Even under 20% lateral tensile deformation, the absorption rate within this band remains above 80%. The optical transmittance of the absorber is 70.3%, and its shielding effectiveness exceeds 20 dB in the 1-18 GHz frequency range. When conformally applied to a foam cylinder with a radius of 100 mm, the absorber maintains an absorption rate greater than 80% in the X-band for electromagnetic waves with oblique incidence angles up to 30°. Sample testing results confirm its potential for application in electromagnetic stealth.

Comparative waveguide analysis of microwave absorption, reflection loss and impedance matching in Al-doped ZnO versus pure and Mn/Ni-doped ZnO in the X-band

Abstract In this study, MnFe₂O₄/BaTiO₃ nanoparticle systems were systematically investigated as microwave absorbers in the X-band (8–12.4 GHz). Nanoparticles were physically mixed at different weight ratios and examined both before and after annealing at 1100 C for 3 h. The microstructural and magnetic properties were evaluated using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR and M–H hysteresis measurements, respectively. Structural analyses revealed that the as-mixed samples consist of coexisting MnFe 2 O 4 and BaTiO 3 phases, while annealing induces an in-situ transformation into an Mn/Ti-substituted M-type barium hexaferrite phase. This phase evolution leads to a significant increase in saturation magnetization and coercivity, indicating a transition toward harder magnetic behavior. Microwave absorption performance was evaluated using reflection loss measurements. The non-annealed 50 MnFe 2 O 4 –50 BaTiO 3 composite exhibits the best absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss (RL) of approximately − 23 dB at 10.8–11.0 GHz. In contrast, annealed samples show reduced absorption efficiency, with minimum reflection loss values in the range of − 10 to − 16 dB. These results demonstrate that enhanced magnetic hardness does not necessarily improve microwave absorption in MnFe 2 O 4 /BaTiO 3 -based absorbers.

High-alumina fly ash-derived microwave absorbents with enhanced electromagnetic wave attenuation via alkaline activation and carbothermal reduction.

Technoeconomic analysis of microwave torrefaction of biomass with microwave absorber and pelletization