Microbiological Preparations Research Articles

Взаємодія сучасних сортів сої з біопрепаратами комплексної дії та її вплив на урожайність

To study and improve elements of biologization of soy cultivation technologies using microbial drugs. Conventional microbiological techniques and field studies of the application of microbiological preparations for soybean cultivation. We investigated the maximum implementation of potential of plant-microbe interactions at selection of complementary pairs: plant variety - biological preparation (microbial strain). The question of application of biological preparations of complex action with different functionality and effect on the productivity of the modern soybean varieties in soil and climatic conditions of the Poltava region was analyzed. It was found that the sensitivity of soybean varieties in different studied ripeness groups, depends on the weather conditions of the year and specific impact of biological preparations. A significant effect of such factors as the year, cultivar, biological preparations and their interactions was shown. Treatment of soy seeds with such microbiological preparations as Rizobofit, Biopolitsyd, Fosfoenteryn, Alkaligenm, Flavobacterin and their complexes is the most effective method of increasing soybean yields. Replacement of Tchaikovsky antagonism with Flavobacterin in component composition leads to a decrease in yield (in comparison with the best option BKA+B+BF), but increases the yield compared to control.

Bacterial endophytes of Trans-Ili Alatau region's plants as promising components of a microbial preparation for agricultural use.

In this study, 382 isolates of bacterial endophytes from tissues of plants grown in the foothills and piedmont plains of the Trans-Ili Alatau were isolated. It was found that certain strains actively produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in a medium containing l-tryptophan. Among the strains studied, 26 strains (66%) showed a positive response to production of IAA. Bacteria synthesized IAA in the range of 18.6 ± 1.1 to 82.4 ± 2.3 µg/ml. IAA was synthesized more actively by Streptosporangium sp. KK1 (44.1 µg/ml), Rhodococcus sp. KK 2 (42.5 µg/ml), Streptomyces tendae KK3 (44.9 µg/ml) strains. The most active auxin's producer is a Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans BAK1 strain, whose total level of IAA production reached 82.4 µg/ml. Such strains as Streptomyces griseorubiginosis KK4, Streptomyces sp. KK5 and Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans BAK1 were found to have a significant stimulating effect which was reflected in the increase of the length of the roots of soybean and barley. As a result, 8 promising strains with fungicidal, growth-stimulating, phosphorus dissolving and enzymatic activities were selected for the further development of highly microbiological preparations for crop research.

Экономическая эффективность возделывания яровых зерновых культур при предпосевной инокуляции микробиологическими препаратами в различных почвенных условиях Астраханской области

В настоящее время для получения высоких и устойчивых урожаев растениеводческой продукции наряду с эффективными агро- и фототехническими приемами необходимо широко применять биологические препараты — бактериальные удобрения на основе полезных групп микроорганизмов и разные виды микроудобрений. В статье приведены основные результаты изучения урожайности и экономической эффективности вложенных затрат при использовании биопрепаратов на основе ассоциативных азотфиксирующих микроорганизмов на яровые зерновые культуры в различных почвенных условиях Астраханской области. Для выявления эффективности различных препаратов в зависимости от сорта или генотипа сельскохозяйственных растений рекомендуется проводить исследования в мелкоделяночных опытах, так как это позволяет при минимальных затратах получать информацию об эффективности биопрепаратов. Из всех изучаемых микробиологических препаратов наилучшие экономические показатели получены у яровой пшеницы сорта Саратовская 70 в вариантах с предпосевной инокуляцией препаратами Агрофил и Ризоагрин, у ярового ячменя сорта Нутанс 553 — в вариантах с препаратами Флавобактерин и Мизорин как в условиях светло-каштановой солонцовой, так и на бурой полупустынной почве. Максимальная экономическая эффективность вложенных затрат при возделывании ярового ячменя Нутанс 553 получена в условиях светло-каштановой солонцовой почвы в варианте с предпосевной инокуляцией препаратом Мизорин и составила 2,14 руб./руб.; при возделывании яровой пшеницы Саратовская 70 (так же в условиях светло-каштановой солонцовой почвы) — в варианте с использованием микробиологического препарата Агрофил — 1,90 руб./руб. Показатели по данным препаратам в условиях бурой полупустынной почвы были немного ниже.

Особенности выращивания нута в условиях степного Крыма

В Крыму зернобобовые высевают на площади более 30 тыс. га (3,5 % посевных площадей), из них под посевами нута — до 8,5 тыс. га. Создание новых высокопродуктивных и устойчивых к болезням сортов нута позволит расширить посевные площади под этой культурой. Одним из эффективных приемов повышения урожайности зернобобовых культур — инокуляция семян перед посевом селекционными штаммами клубеньковых бактерий и комплексное применение биопрепаратов на основе микроорганизмов. В Институте сельского хозяйства Крыма на протяжении 2012 – 2014 гг. изучали сорта нута разных селекционных центров: Селекционно-генетического института (Одесса), Луганского института агропромышленного производства и Красноградской опытной станции Института зернового хозяйства (Харьков), израильской селекции. Приведены результаты изучения адаптивных особенностей сортов нута в условиях степного Крыма на протяжении 2012 – 2014 гг. Перед посевом семена нута обрабатывали микробиологическими препаратами на основе высокоэффективных азотфиксирующих штаммов микроорганизмов Ризобофит, а также препаратами полифункционального действия Фосфоэнтерином и Биополицидом, арбускулярно-микоризными грибами, цианоризобиальным консорциумом. В результате исследований выделены сорта нута, наиболее адаптированные к условиям степного Крыма, которые могут быть рекомендованы для широкого внедрения в производство данной зоны. Сорта нута Александрит, Добробут, Буджак обеспечили среднюю урожайность за годы изучения — соответственно 1,35, 1,46 и 1,26 т/га. Предложены приемы агротехники, способствующие повышению продуктивности растений нута: инокуляция штаммами клубеньковых бактерий и комплексное применение препаратов полифункционального действия (фосфатмобилизирующие, ростостимулирующие, биопротекторное). Установлено, что применение бактеризации семян нута способствует повышению продуктивности растений на 2,8 – 15,2 %.

Biological Remediation of the Petroleum and Diesel Contaminated Soil with Earthworms Eisenia Fetida

The study was performed of the bioremediation efficiency of the soil contaminated with petroleum and diesel with the help of earthworms E. fetida in the presence of bacteria Pseudomonas, nitrogen fixing bacteria Azotobacter and Clostridium, yeasts Saccharomyces, fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium, as well as Actinomycetales, all being components of biopreparation Baykal-EM. It was demonstrated that in petroleum-contaminated soil with 20-60 g/kg of petroleum, the content of hydrocarbons decreases by 99% after 22 weeks in the presence of worms and biopreparation. In diesel-contaminated soil with diesel concentration of 40 g/kg in the presence of earthworms E. fetida and microbiological preparation, 30% of the earthworm species died after 14 days because of the toxic impact of the diesel fuel.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЗЕРНОВОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ ОЗИМОЙ ТРИТИКАЛЕ ЗА СЧЕТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЗЕРНОВОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ ОЗИМОЙ ТРИТИКАЛЕ ЗА СЧЕТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Exterior Features of Siberian Sturgeon Underyearlings when Applying Bs 225 Microbiological Preparation

BS 225 impact on the exterior features of the Acipenseridae has been studied. BS 225 is a microbiological preparation containing Bacilus Siamensisas as a basis. The efficiency of its application in sturgeon aquaculture is demonstrated by a scientific and commercial experiment. Each test group of sturgeon underyearlings had its own feeding schedule at a definite dosage. It was proved experimentally that the dosage determines exterior features and essential biological parameters, such as Fulton’s condition factor, fineness ratio, scale factor, thickness ratio and mass buildup. The obtained data confirm that microbiological preparation initiates sturgeon growth, is beneficial for fish exterior features and improves winter resistance, environmental resistance and survivability of fish.

MECHANISM AND ACTIVITY SPECTRUM OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATION BATSIKOL WITH PHYTOPROTECTIVE ACTION

Various groups of agents are involved in biological crop protection to control pests and diseases. Of them, Bacillus genus possessing activity against harmful insects and phytopathogens is most promising and widely used. In this, the biologicals based on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) dominate. More than 70 varieties of Bt have been identified. These bacteria can survive for a long time after treatment. Preparations based on three Bt serovars (A, B, C) are mostly used for insects’ biocontrol. Serovar A Bt subspecies can form crystal endotoxins which are active against Lepidoptera; serovar B Bt subspecies attack the larvae of mosquitoes and black flies, and phytophagous Diptera; and serovar C Bt subspecies are active against Coleoptera beetles. A new serovar F (fungi) of this bacillus was identified. Physiological and biochemical properties of Bacillus thuringiensis provide the assimilation of nutrient substrates and antibiosis against biocenosis partners. Batsikol, the biological preparation based on B. thuringiensis var. darmstadiensis (H10) with entomopathogenic action, was created at All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (St. Petersburg). Batsikol contains components of culture liquid, spores, insecticidal and fungicidal exoand endotoxins, due to which it possesses multifunctional properties. The article presents the mechanisms of entomopathogenic and antifungal action of microbial preparations based on Bt. Results of testing Batsikol effectiveness against various pests and diseases in field trials and vegetation experiments are shown. Liquid form of biological product was used in the study (spore titer of 3.51⁄2109/ml). Field and vegetation tests were carried out in 1994-2013 in different regions of Russia (Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Volgograd region, North Ossetia, Stavropol and Primorsky regions). Batsikol was sprayed against phytophagous pests on vegetating plants. The efficacy against pests varied from 50 to 100 %. Different modes of application against phytopathogen were tested according to the type of parasitism and environmental characteristics of fungi (i.e., spraying, irrigation, seed treatment). In field experiments the efficacy of spraying strawberry plants against gray mold was 60-74 %. Soil watering was used against Fusarium wilt on tomatoes and flax with efficacy of 74-87 % and 34-42 %, respectively. When seeds were treated prior to sowing the efficacy was 66-71 % in case of soaking barley seeds against root rot, and 40-45 % while soaking potato tubers against damping-off. Based on the tests conducted with Batsikol in different regions of Russia, the spectrum of its activities against wide range of phytophagous pests and pathogenic fungi was revealed on different crops. The obtained data expand the understanding of Bt biology and, in particular, the action spectrum against various pests and diseases dangerous for many cultivated plants. Presented materials allow considering Bacillus thuringiensis as the basis of microbiological preparations with a multifunctional activity. The obtained data will allow expanding the scope of its application, and it will help to improve ecological situation.

Impact of microbiological preparations on improving agrochemical efficiency of fermented organic manure

The effective impact of biological preparations in combination with organomineral system of fertilization on fertility of soft sod-podzolic sandy soils is elucidated, which manifests itself in increasing the agrochemical indices of the soil fertility up to 28,6 % in direct action and up to 41,6 % in the after-effect. The most efficiency biological preparation is Polymixobacterin, the lowest efficiency is Baikal EM-1

Защитно-стимулирующие свойства микробиологических препаратов при возделывании ячменя на примере светло-каштановых солонцовых почв

Защитно-стимулирующие свойства микробиологических препаратов при возделывании ячменя на примере светло-каштановых солонцовых почв

Pathogenesis characteristics under lesions of tubers with Solanum tuberosum L. disease pathogens in the process of microbiological preparations application

The current trends of plant protection aimed at the development of environmental methods of pathogens adjusting. Using biological preparations on the basis of associative microorganisms such as PGPB (Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria) which can stimulate plant growth is advanced to increase the productivity and sustainability of crops in environmentally sustainable agriculture. Significant share in the composition of the plants rhizosphere microflora, antagonism to a wide range of pathogens, synthesis of physiologically active substances that determine the usefulness of their action, long-term effectiveness during the storage in the following growing season, low target concentration is the theoretical justification for using PGPB. Induced systemic resistance is accompanied by strengthening of cell walls, changes in the course of some physiological processes, synthesis of protective metabolites against pathogens. Evolutionary plasticity and variability of pathogens create the difficulties in the study of the pathogenesis processes and plant resistance, so the goal of our research was to study the long immune stimulating activity of modern microbiological preparations on the potato storage for preserving the protective potential of potato tubers. It was proved that the resistant promoting activity of bacteria genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus of PGPB group, which are the basis of biological preparations Fitotsid and Planriz, had a sustained action, helped to maintain the protective capacity in potato tubers during the storage. It was found that the activity of polyphenol oxidase increased in 1.5–1.8 times at damage of potato tissue by pathogens Fusarium sambucinum and Pectobacterium carotovorum. Under the spreading of P. carotovorum splitting of starch grains, changes in the modification of plant cell wall, forming of lignin, suberin, phenols and other protein-lipid complexes were observed in cells that are adjacent to the conducting bundle. It promoted rapid repair of tissue damaged by pathogens.

English

We used Gram-positive aerobic facultative methylotrophic bacterium, Brevibacterium methylicum, L-phenylalanine producer with ribulose-5-monophosphate (RuMP) cycle for carbon assimilation for microbiological preparation of [ 2 H]phenylalanine via conversion of low molecular weight substrates ([U- 2 H]MeOH and 2 H2O). For this purpose, the cells of the methylotroph with improved growth characteristics were used on minimal salt media M9 supplemented with 2 % (v/v) [U- 2 H]MeOH and increasing gradient of 2 Н2O concentration from 0; 24,5; 49,0; 73,5 up to 98 % (v/v) 2 Н2O. L-phenylalanine was isolated from the growth medium after adding 5 M 2 HCl (in 2 Н2О), pH = 2,0 by extraction with isopropanol and subsequent crystallization in ethanol (output 0,65 g/l). Alanine, valine, and leucine/isoleucine were produced and accumulated exogenously in amounts of 5–6 mol in addition to the main product of biosynthesis. The method allows to obtain [ 2 Н]amino acids with different levels of deuterium enrichment, depending on 2 Н2O concentration

Influence of coal ash from fluidized-bed combustion and EM-1 preparation on the content of Fe and Mn in spring wheat and barley

The object of the research was to analyze the influence of coal ash from fluidized-bed combustion applied to light soil, and combined with the microbiological preparation Effective Microorganisms (EM-1), on changes of the iron and manganese content in cultivated plants of spring wheat and spring barley. Commissioned by the company Vattenfall, a field study on seven fertilizer variants was carried out in 2007-2009. The experiments were set up in Malyszyn near Gorzow Wielkopolski (Hodowla Roślin Strzelce sp. z o.o. Oddzial Malyszyn) on light soil, soil valuation class IVb. Each plot covered 10 m2. The research was carried out in completely randomized blocks with four replications. Plant samples (grain and straw) were mineralized in a solution of nitric acid(V) and chloric acid(VII); afterwards the total content of iron and manganese was assessed. Application of coal ash to the soil resulted in a decrease of iron and manganese in spring wheat and spring barley grain and straw, especially in the second and third year of the experiment. Additionally, the enrichment of soil with the microbiological preparation EM-1 decreased the concentrations of iron and manganese in the plants. It was noted that the quantities of iron and manganese in the grain and straw of both wheat and barley were decreasing in the subsequent years of the experiment, as a result of which the plant content of these microelements in individual years was varied. To some extent, the above relationship can be explained by the fact that in the last growing season was characterized by the least rainfall. No influence of the applied coal ash on the Fe:Mn weight ratio was determined in grain from cv. Nawra wheat or cv. Lot barley.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATION BIO–ONE IN SPRING FORAGE PEAS (Pisum SativumL.) UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ORGANIC FARMING

The microbiological preparation BIO–ONE is a 100% natural liquid concentrated microbiological product providing 20 kg of active nitrogen/decar. It facilitates the absorption of the residual phosphorus and potassium and retains moisture. BIO–ONE does not contain genetically modified organisms. It is recognized by all organizations controlling the organic farming, including OMRI Institute. It could be used both in organic and traditional agriculture. With its gradual application in soil the microbiological preparation BIO–ONE contributes to increasing soil organic matter and also protects it from wind erosion. The application of the microbiological preparation BIO–ONE helps for obtaining the maximum efficiency of the used mineral fertilizers. The microbiological preparation BIO–ONE has a positive impact on the yield of peas seeds. After treatment of the crop with the microbiological preparation BIO–ONE the highest yield was obtained at a dose of treatment of 0.9 g/100 m 2 –185.0 kg/da, followed by the variants treated at a dose of 0.12 g/100 m 2 –167.0 kg/da and 0.6 g/100 m 2 –165.0 kg/da. At the lowest dose of treatment of 0.3 g/100 m 2 and the fertilized control the yield was equal–158.0 kg/da. The lowest yield was obtained from the control variant. It increases the wheat yield as after–effect after treatment of peas at concentration of 0.6 to 0.12 g/100 m 2 as the wheat yield is raised by 43 kg/da compared to the untreated control. The highest yield was obtained for the variant of peas fertilized with N4P8–as the yield exceeded by 57 kg/da the control that was not fertilized and treated. It is noticed also that at lower doses of treatment the quantity of siftings is lower as it goes up at higher doses of treatment.

Water regime of alluvial soils during drip irrigation for onion under conditions of Nepal

The results of research into the technology of drip irrigation for common onion in Nepal have been presented. The estimation of the influence of plant moisture and nutrition levels on yield and quality of onion has been performed. High efficiency of onion cultivation is revealed at the moisture level of 90–80–70% HB across interphase periods under the effect of the use of mineral fertilizers in combination with micro-fertilizers and a microbiological preparation.

Evaluation of the impact of selected microbiological preparations on the development of the aboveground biomass of Trifolium pratense L. / Ocena wpływu wybranych preparatów mikrobiologicznych na kształtowanie się biomasy nadziemnej Trifolium pratense L.

Abstract In order to determine the impact of improved microbiological preparations of soil on the development of the aboveground biomass of red clover (Parade variety) in the 2012-2013 year, field experiment with cultivation of this species was conducted. Experiment factors were three preparations containing composition of soil microorganisms (trade name: UGmax, Humus Active and Ekoużyźniacz). All study objects were carried out in triplicate. The analysed features were: green and dry matter of plant (kg • m-2), plant height (cm), number of shoots (unit • m-2), share of leaves and stems in biomass (%). The plants were cut three times, and collections of fresh weight were carried out at the beginning of flowering, i.e. when in 30-50% of the plants from plots the flower buds bloomed. The results were statistically analysed using analysis of variance. The study shows that the effects of biopreparations were dependent on the type of preparation and cut. Also, the meteorological conditions during the growing season of each research year were highly significant. The highest values of the analysed parameters were obtained for the plants that were sprayed using aqueous solutions of UGmax and Humus Active. There were no clear effects of soil fertilisers on the biomass structure expressed as the percentage of leaves and stems

Microbiological preparations affecting the soil nutrient availability and growth of ryegrass in a pot experiment

The effects of different bacterial fertilizers and their combinations with NPK fertilizer and wheat straw were investigated on some soil properties (chemical parameters) and on the biomass production of testplant. The applied quantities of the bacterial fertilizers were the double of the recommended dose. The experiment was set up in 2013 at the Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, in a three replications, in a random block design. Calcareous chernozem soil; originating from Debrecen (Látókép) was used with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) test plant. At the end of the experiment (after 8 week) the samples of soil and plants were determined for nitrate-nitrogen, ALsoluble phosphorus and potassium content of soil, the weight of green biomass of ryegrass per pot, the dry matter and moisture content of ryegrass. Straw treatment resulted better water and available nutrient content of soil in general. Inoculation however was not improving the biomass production over the fertilizer treatment. Interrelation with the recommended dose could be further studied.

The Influence of Admixtures Accelerating the Pine Bark Composting Process on Variation in the Bacteriological State of Composts

The focus of the study was on the dynamics of the variation in the population of copiotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria as well as the level of acid and alkaline phosphatase activities taking place during pine bark composting, depending on the application of different organic admixtures and the Effective Microorganisms microbiological preparation as well as variation in pH values and temperature. Above all, the trend in the variation in the population of microorganisms under analysis and enzymatic activity depended on the type of admixture applied to the composted pine bark. Apart from that, the course of microbiological activity was also infl uenced by temperature variation, which resulted from the course of the composting process. The results obtained in the experiment proved that the admixture of PGM (plant green matter) to the composted prisms had stimulating infl uence on the microbiological indexes under analysis.

Efekat primene mikrobiološkog preparata na dinamiku visinski porasta jednogodišnjih sadnica crnog oraha (Juglans nigra L.)

Trend of organic production of plants that are used for human nutrition binds that when using nutrition preparations which represent significant factor in production of high quality planting material for different purposes microbiological preparations have to be included as well. The effect of the microbiological preparation Bactofil® B 10 on height growth tempo of black walnut seedlings during vegetation period is a subject of research of this paper. Comparative analysis of height increment of seedlings grown in soil treated with this preparation and height increment of control, nontreated seedlings shows the justification of direct application of Bactofil in mass production of high quality planting material of black walnut.

Effectiveness of nitrogen fertilization and application of microbial preparations in potato cultivation

This study examined the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilization and application of microbiological preparations in potato cultivation. The experiment factors were doses of nitrogen of 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha^{-1} and microbial preparations of BactoFil B10, Effective Microorganisms EM, and UGmax. The amount of inorganic N in the 0-0.9 m soil layer before potato planting fluctuated from 63.5 to 80.4 kg N ha^{-1}, while after harvest it ranged from 44.4 to 119.7 kg N ha^{-1}. Nitrogen supply from mineralization during potato vegetation ranged from 36.1 to 46.3 kg N ha^{-1}. Each of the applied nitrogen doses caused a marked increase in potato-plant productivity in comparison with a smaller dose. Growing nitrogen doses decreased the value of the fertilization effectiveness index. Application of microbial preparations led to an increase in soil nitrogen content after plant harvesting and a lower uptake of N, diminishing the indices of NUE, NUpE, NAE, and NRF.