Microbial Sealant Research Articles

The influence of Calcite-Producing Bacteria on Cement Mortar Compressive Strength and Durability Characteristics

Background: The phenomenon of microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a part of the chemical process called biomineralization. Microorganisms form inorganic solids like calcite by such process. Bacillus spp. are common soil bacteria that may induce calcite precipitation. The microbial sealant properties of CaCO3 improve mortar and concrete's compressive strength. Methods: This study examined the impact of locally isolated Calcite-Producing bacteria on mortar characteristics. Eight isolates of Bacillus spp. have been prepared in suspensions adjusted to absorbance of 1 at 600 nm, that contain 2% urea and 25 mmoll-1 calcium chloride, and applied to prepare mortar cubes. The ratio of cement: sand: water mix was 1:3:0.5. Control cubes were prepared using the same mix ratio and containing water instead of bacterial suspension. Compressive strengths for all cubes on days 7 and 28 were measured. A durability tests and water absorption test for the cubes were performed. Results: Bacterial mortar cubes showed a compressive strength about 39 to 81% and 9.6 to 60.2% higher than the control on the 7th day and 28th day, respectively. Bacterial mortar cubes resist H2SO4 attack at pH ≥ 2, while control cubes couldn't resist at pH ≤ 6. After treatment with 5% MgSO4, all bacterial cubes showed higher compressive strengths. Water absorption of bacterial cubes ranged from 2.4-4.8%, while the control cubes absorbed water with a percentage of 7.2%. Conclusion: These species are promising contenders for MICP involved investments, and can be used in a many of construction applications.

An experimental investigation of bacteria impact on compressive strength of cement mortar and concrete

Abstract This study deals with using Microbiologically Incited Calcite Precipitation (MICP), (CaCO3) for remediating cracks and fissures in concrete. This method is called bio-mineralization. It is procedure by living beings structure inorganic solids. Bacillus Acetophenoni, Bacillus Odysseyi are a bacteria it can initiate the precipitation of calcite. As a microbial sealant, CaCO3 displayed its positive potential in specifically solidifying reenacted cracks and surface fissures in stones and in the combination of sand. MICP is exceptionally attractive in light of the fact that the calcite precipitation incited due to microbial exercises, is without contamination and characteristic. It is accepted that this calcite layer improves the impermeability of the example, hence to improve the compressive strength and firmness of split solid examples. The impact of various convergences of microbes on the compressive quality of cement was additionally considered. It has been identified the pillars with microscopic organisms performed well compared to control bars (without microorganisms).

Intraoperative interventions for preventing surgical site infection: an overview of Cochrane Reviews.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Overview). The objectives are as follows: To present an overview of the effectiveness and safety of interventions delivered during the intra-operative period aimed at preventing surgical site infections in all populations under going surgery in operating theatre settings.

How does the use of cyanoacrylate microbial sealants for skin preparation prior to surgery affect post-surgical outcomes?

How does the use of cyanoacrylate microbial sealants for skin preparation prior to surgery affect post-surgical outcomes?

Effectiveness of cyanoacrylate microbial sealant in the reduction of surgical site infection in gynecologic oncology procedures: A phase III single institution prospective randomized trial

ObjectivesSurgery is a cornerstone for patients with gynecologic malignancies. Surgical site infections (SSI) remain a source of post-operative morbidity. Consequences range from escalated costs, delay in adjuvant therapy, and increased morbidity. Our primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a cyanoacrylate microbial sealant (CMS) to reduce post-operative SSI following laparotomy for suspected gynecologic malignancy. MethodsPatients were randomized using a 1:1 allocation to receive either standard skin preparation or standard preparation with CMS and stratified by BMI. Patients were followed for 6weeks for SSI. Demographic data was collected through the EMR. Associations between SSI, use of CMS, and clinicopathologic factors were explored using descriptive statistics, chi-square and multivariate analysis. Results300 patients underwent randomization. Median age of the cohort was 58. Arms were matched and there was no difference in rate of medical comorbidities. Mean BMI was 38.8kg/m2 in patients randomized to BMI≥30 and 26.3kg/m2 randomized to BMI<30. Surgical characteristics for the entire cohort: 66% malignancy, 91% clean-contaminated, 21% bowel surgery, 25% transfusion. Seventy-six (25%) patients developed a SSI: 43 patients (28%) treated with CMS, compared to 33 (21%) patients treated without CMS (p=0.18). Multivariate model demonstrated that BMI≥30 (p<0.005), surgery for malignancy (p=0.010), transfusion in the OR (p<0.001), and closure with staples (p=0.0005) were associated with post-operative SSI. ConclusionsPatients presenting to a gynecologic oncologist for surgery frequently present with multiple risk factors for SSI and laparotomy is complicated by surgical-site complications in up to 30% of cases. The addition of CMS alone does not appear to reduce risk of overall SSI. Additional risk-reducing strategies including use of antimicrobial agents and optimization of modifiable risk factors prior to surgery should be explored as pathways for reducing this significant post-operative morbidity.

Cyanoacrylate microbial sealants for skin preparation prior to surgery.

Surgical site infections (i.e. incisions that become infected) are a continuing concern in health care. Microbial sealant is a liquid that can be applied to the skin immediately before surgery and is thought to help reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) by sealing in the skin flora, thus preventing contamination and infection of the surgical site. To assess the effects of the preoperative application of microbial sealants (compared with no microbial sealant) on rates of SSI in people undergoing clean surgery. For this second update we searched the following electronic databases in May 2015: the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid EMBASE and EBSCO CINAHL. There were no restrictions based on language or date of publication or study setting. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion if they involved people undergoing clean surgery (i.e. surgery that does not involve the breathing system, gut, genital or urinary tract, or any part of the body with an existing infection) in an operating theatre and compared the use of preoperative microbial sealants with no microbial sealant. All review authors independently extracted data on the characteristics, risk of bias and outcomes of the eligible trials. Seven trials (859 participants undergoing clean surgery) met the inclusion criteria. The trials all compared cyanoacrylate microbial sealant with no sealant. We found there were fewer SSIs with the use of microbial sealant (23/443 participants) than with the control comparison (46/416 participants). There was no evidence of a difference between the two groups in surgical site infection rates following the use of microbial sealants when the results were pooled (risk ratio (RR) 0.53, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.18). There were adverse events in three studies, but these were not judged to be a result of the use of microbial sealant. In this second update there is still insufficient evidence available to determine whether the use of microbial sealants reduces the risk of surgical site infection or not. Further rigorous, adequately-powered RCTs are required to investigate this properly.

Using Cyanoacrylate Microbial Sealant for Skin Preparation Prior to the Placement of Intravenous Catheters in Horses

Venous catheters are extensively used in equine practice. Catheter-related infections are among the most serious complications of equine surgery. Our goal was to compare catheter contamination with and without cyanoacrylate microbial sealant and to evaluate tolerance in horses. Each horse (n = 20) had both jugular grooves clipped (T0). The areas were prepared (T1) either with povidone-iodine (B) or plus cyanoacrylate (InteguSEAL). At T0 and T1, skin swabs were taken. Both jugular veins were catheterized. After 36 hours (T2), catheters were aseptically removed and shipped for microbial culture. At T2 and after 4 weeks (T3), sites were clinically and ultrasonographically evaluated, measuring veins' wall thickness and recording any alteration. No significant differences between groups were detected in microbiological evaluation. The T3 measurements were lower than T2 in both groups. The use of InteguSEAL was not associated with a reduction catheter contamination rates. InteguSEAL use was overall well tolerated.

Microbial sealants do not decrease surgical site infection for clean-contaminated colorectal procedures.

Surgical site infections (SSI) are costly complications that may cause significant morbidity and increase the cost of care, particularly in colorectal surgery. Microbial sealants (MS) are a new class of wound barriers aimed at decreasing SSI; however, there is only evidence of benefit in clean class 1 procedures. Based on its success in class 1 procedures, we hypothesized that a microbial sealant could reduce the rate of SSI by half for clean-contaminated colorectal procedures (class 2). This was a single institution, multihospital, prospective, randomized study approved by the institutional review board. The primary objective was to determine the rate of SSI when microbial sealant (InteguSeal© Kimberly-Clark) is used compared to control (no microbial sealant). Data collected included: open versus laparoscopy, age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes and morbidity [American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class], hospital readmission, reoperation and wound dehiscence. Enrolled subjects received the same preoperative mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics, operative skin preparation (Chloraprep), Surgical Care Improvement Project guidelines implementation), and postoperative care glycemic control for diabetics. A total of 100 subjects were recruited over 15 months (MS-50; no MS-50). The overall incidence of SSI was 12 %, 14 % (7/50) in the MS versus 10 % (5/50) in the no MS group (p = 0.545). SSI incidence with and without microbial sealant was not significantly different in either the open or the laparoscopic subgroup. Laparoscopy decreased absolute risk of SSI by 16 %. Secondary data (age, BMI, diabetes, ASA) and tertiary data (readmission, reoperation, wound dehiscence) were positively correlated with SSI. Microbial sealant as employed in this study did not appear to offer any benefit in a class 2 (clean contaminated) operative procedure when perioperative care is standardized. The relative benefit of laparoscopy was also confirmed but unaffected by use of the microbial sealant.

Clinical Issues—August 2014

This MonthCyanoacrylate microbial sealantsKey words: sealant, microbial sealant, surgical site infections, SSIs.Enhanced environmental cleaningKey words: cleaning, enhanced cleaning, multidrug‐resistant organisms, MDROs, infection transmission.Antibiotic stewardship programsKey words: stewardship, stewardship programs, antibiotics, multidrug‐resistant organisms, MDROs, Clostridium difficile, C diff.Blanket‐warming cabinet temperature settingsKey words: blankets, warming, temperature settings, warming cabinets.

Comparison of two different skin preparation strategies for open cardiac surgery.

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious complication after cardiac surgery; skin preparation is an important step in the prevention of wound contamination with skin flora. In this study, two different skin preparation strategies (standard povidine iodine cleaning plus plain adhesive drape and microbial sealant (InteguSeal, Kimberly-Clark Health Care, Roswell, GA, USA) were compared in cardiac surgery patients. This prospective study included 96 cardiac surgery patients randomized to either a standard plain adhesive drape (28 patients, control group) or a microbial sealant (68 patients, study group). Bacterial isolates were obtained from the wounds in the operating room before the skin incision and after the surgical procedure had ended. Microorganisms were isolated from 38 patients (39.6%) in the study population. Twenty-seven of these patients were from the microbial sealant group and 11 were from the plain adhesive drape group. No postoperative wound infection was encountered in either group. No statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the number of patients with microorganism isolation (p = 0.974) or postoperative leukocyte counts and neutrophil granulocyte percentages were observed. Regarding SSI after cardiac surgery, microbial sealant is equivalent to the standard skin preparation strategy applied with povidine iodine cleaning and a plain adhesive drape.

Impact of antimicrobial skin sealants on surgical site infections.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) after cardiac surgery remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality, with increasing costs due to expensive treatment and prolonged hospitalization. Because co-morbidity and bacterial resistance against appropriate antibiotic therapy increases with patient age, new prophylactic innovative strategies are needed. This article provides an overview of the current literature on the impact of microbial skin sealant to prevent SSIs. A comprehensive review of the literature reporting on microbial skin sealing to prevent surgical site infections was performed. Experimental studies showed that cyanoacrylate microbial sealant decreased skin flora contamination. Additional studies showed that cyanoacrylate not only immobilizes bacteria but also actively prohibits bacterial growth. Randomized clinical studies showed significant quantitative reduction of skin microbes at the surgical site. This results in a decrease of SSIs, which in some studies was statistically significant. Several studies on "real world" patients also showed statistically significant reduction of SSIs. Cyanoacrylate skin sealant can prohibit endogenous bacteria migration and actively reduce bacterial growth, which makes it an attractive option to reduce SSIs.

The Impact of a Microbial Sealant to Reduce Surgical Site Infections in High Risk Cardiac Surgery Patients

Introduction: Post-sternotomy infection is a serious cause for morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of a microbial sealant on post-sternotomy infections in high risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: Between January 2006 and July 2008 a total of 291 consecutive patients underwent cardiac surgery with a Fowler score of at least 10, which indicates high risk patients to develop surgical site infection (SSI). Patients were divided into a control group (n=132) receiving standard institutional preoperative care and a microbial sealant group (n=159) received additionally a microbial skin sealant. Pre- and peri-operative characteristics were examined for both groups. The clinical end-point of this study was freedom of post-sternotomy infection. Results: Follow up was 100% completed. The preoperative risk score of the control and the microbial sealant group were similar, respectively 15.5 ± 4.0 and 15.2 ± 3.8 (p=0.513). Comparing pre- and peri-operative characteristics of both groups, significant higher rates of carotid artery disease (p=0.022) and diabetics (p=0.046) were found in the microbial sealant group. All other pre- and peri-operative characteristics were similar for both groups. The clinical end-point however, showed a significant decrease of SSI in the microbial sealant group 2.5% (n=4) versus the control group 7.6% (n=10), (p=0.045). Conclusions: This study showed that the additional use of a microbial sealant to standard institutional preoperative preparation reduces statistically significant the risk for surgical site infection in high risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Effectiveness of cyanoacrylate microbial sealant (CMS) in the reduction of surgical site infection in gynecologic oncology procedures: A single-center randomized study: Interim analysis

Objective: Despite continued advances in aseptic technique, surgical site infections/disruptions occur in ~20% of patients (pts) undergoing surgery for gynecologic malignancy. Consequences of wound infections include escalating cost, delayed adjuvant treatment, and increases in morbidity/mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CMS in reducing bacterial contamination and subsequent wound infection after exploratory laparotomy for gynecologic oncology procedure.

Cyanoacrylate Microbial Sealant May Reduce the Prevalence of Positive Cultures in Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty

Cyanoacrylate-based, microbial sealant is an adhesive skin barrier designed to prevent bacterial contamination in surgical wounds. This type of adhesive barrier could have use in decreasing the incidence of positive cultures and subsequent infection in shoulder arthroplasty. We therefore evaluated whether cyanoacrylate microbial sealant reduced the positive intraoperative culture rates in revision shoulder arthroplasty. We retrospectively reviewed 55 patients who underwent revision shoulder arthroplasties. Intraoperative aerobic and anaerobic deep tissue culture results taken during the revisions were compared. Cultures were taken of the deep synovial tissue lining the prosthesis. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent standard preparations with adhesive, iodine-barrier drapes (Group SP) and those who had placement of cyanoacrylate microbial sealant in addition to the standard prep (Group MS). The prevalence of cases with positive cultures was 18% (seven of 40) in Group SP compared with 7% (one of 15) in Group MS. The prevalence of positive, anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes cultures was 13% in Group SP compared with 7% in Group MS. The prevalence of infections confirmed at revision surgery was 8% in Group SP versus 0% in Group MS. Our observations suggest application of a cyanoacrylate microbial sealant may reduce the prevalence of positive cultures and thereby subsequent infections in revision shoulder arthroplasties. Level III, retrospective cohort study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Efficacy of Integuseal for Surgical Skin Preparation in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Scoliosis Correction

Prospective randomized trial. To explore the use of a microbial sealant applied before the surgical incision to reduce surgical site infection in patients with scoliosis. The incidence of superficial or deep infections is reported in 2 groups of patients treated for neuromuscular or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Statistical analysis aimed to compare the effect of the use of a cyanoacrylate microbial sealant on infection rate. From June 2010 to June 2011, 56 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Using a random number table, patients were assigned either to receive or not a sterile, film-forming cyanoacrylate liquid application (Integuseal). Epidemiological data and infection occurrence were compared in both groups. Statistical analysis comparing patients with neuromuscular scoliosis and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis showed that patients with neuromuscular scoliosis had more fused levels, increased intraoperative bleeding, and longer intraoperative time. Six patients had early postoperative infections of the posterior approach, which included 3 deep and 3 superficial infections. Five infections occurred in patients treated with Integuseal. Outcome was favorable in 6 cases after local wound debridement and antibiotics. Nonparametric statistical tests (Fisher exact test) showed no significant correlation (P = 0.096) between early postoperative infection occurrence and the use of Integuseal. Although microbial sealant may be a useful addition to a multimodal approach to minimize surgical site infection, there is currently insufficient evidence as to whether the use of microbial sealants reduces the risk of surgical site infection in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery.

Reduction of Surgical Site Infection Using a Microbial Sealant: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Reduction of Surgical Site Infection Using a Microbial Sealant: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Reduction of surgical site infection using a microbial sealant: A randomized trial

Surgical site infection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. We have explored the use of a microbial sealant applied before the surgical incision to reduce surgical site infection. We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial to determine the efficacy of a cyanoacrylate sealant in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Both left and right long saphenous veins were harvested in individual patients below the knee if 3 or more lengths of vein were required. The sealant (Kimberly-Clark InteguSeal, Roswell, Ga) was applied to 1 leg chosen randomly, and the other leg was prepared in a conventional fashion. Microbiological swabs from the leg wounds were taken at 5 days, and wounds were assessed according to the Southampton score at 30 days by 2 blinded observers. The baseline characteristics of the treated and untreated legs were similar because the procedure was conducted on each individual patient. The study was terminated at 47 patients after review. Patients in whom the sealant was used had 1 (2.1%) wound infection, and there were 12 (25.5%) wound infections in the conventionally prepared leg (P=.001). There were 13 positive cultures from the treated leg and 22 positive cultures from the untreated site. The microbial skin sealant applied immediately before the incision significantly reduced the rate of surgical site infection. There was no sensitivity or adverse reaction after application. The treatment was easily integrated with existing routine preoperative procedures. Microbial sealant may thus be a useful addition to a multimodal approach to minimize surgical site infection.

Cyanoacrylate as a Microbial Sealant: Examining the Evidence

This article examines the evidence base for the use of microbial sealant as a skin preparation prior to surgery. Firstly, using the steps of evidence-based practice the use of cyanoacrylate as a microbial sealant was explored. Next the evidence regarding the use of cyanoacrylate based microbial sealant was sought and then critically appraised. Having found evidence to support its use to be lacking in rigour and quality, an argument is made for the omission of cyanoacrylate-based microbial sealants as part of current preoperative preparation.

Effectiveness of a new microbial sealant in reducing bacteremia, puncture site, and sheath contamination after percutaneous interventions: a single-center randomized study

Effectiveness of a new microbial sealant in reducing bacteremia, puncture site, and sheath contamination after percutaneous interventions: a single-center randomized study

The impact of a microbial sealant to reduce surgical site infection reduction in cardiac surgery

The impact of a microbial sealant to reduce surgical site infection reduction in cardiac surgery