Microstructured Fiber Research Articles

Effect of silver plating and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced Cu matrix composites

Recycled carbon fibers are primarily utilized as reinforcement in the production of composite materials, and they have steadily become a hot topic in the twenty-first century. However, the presence of large amount of residual resin, crack damage and graphitized surface layer on the surface of recycled carbon fibers leads to the reduction of their mechanical properties. In this study, Cu matrix composites reinforced with carbon fiber were created using the spark plasma sintering process at 700–850 °C sintering temperature. The surface coating treatment was done to recycled carbon fiber in order to enhance the interfacial bonding between the carbon fiber and Cu matrix, and the ideal surface Ag plating parameters were investigated and established. Results have shown that the Ag coating on the fiber surface diffuses at different sintering temperatures, forming a Ag–Cu solid solution, which has a solid solution-strengthening effect on the substrate. When the sintering temperature is below 800 °C, some Ag atoms will precipitate out of the matrix, forming a small amount of Ag precipitation phase. As the sintering temperature increases, the tensile strength of the composite increases and then decreases, the compressive strength gradually decreases and the flexural strength gradually increases.

Fiber-Specific White Matter Alterations in Parkinson's Disease Patients with GBA Gene Mutations.

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) carrying GBA gene mutations (GBA-PD) have a more aggressive disease course than those with idiopathic PD (iPD). The objective of this study was to investigate fiber-specific white matter (WM) differences in nonmedicated patients with early-stage GBA-PD and iPD using fixel-based analysis, a novel technique to assess tract-specific WM microstructural and macrostructural features comprehensively. Fixel-based metrics, including microstructural fiber density (FD), macrostructural fiber-bundle cross section (FC), and a combination of FD and FC (FDC), were compared among 30 healthy control subjects, 16 patients with GBA-PD, and 35 patients with iPD. Associations between FDC and clinical evaluations were also explored using multiple linear regression analyses. Patients with GBA-PD showed significantly lower FD in the fornix and superior longitudinal fasciculus than healthy control subjects, and lower FC in the corticospinal tract (CST) and lower FDC in the CST, middle cerebellar peduncle, and striatal-thalamo-cortical pathways than patients with iPD. Contrarily, patients with iPD showed significantly higher FC and FDC in the CST and striatal-thalamo-cortical pathways than healthy control subjects. In addition, lower FDC in patients with GBA-PD was associated with reduced glucocerebrosidase enzyme activity, lower cerebrospinal fluid total α-synuclein levels, lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, lower striatal binding ratio, and higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III scores. We report reduced fiber-specific WM density and bundle cross-sectional size in patients with GBA-PD, suggesting neurodegeneration linked to glucocerebrosidase deficiency, α-synuclein accumulation, and poorer cognition and motor functions. Conversely, patients with iPD showed increased fiber bundle size, likely because of WM reorganization. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten fiber reinforced tungsten composites prepared by Fe activated sintering

Tungsten fiber reinforced tungsten composites were fabricated by Fe activated sintering. The effect of Fe content (0.5% ∼ 1.0%(wt%)) and original fiber volume fraction (10% ∼ 50%(vol%)) on relative density, microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The interaction between the Fe and tungsten fiber was analyzed. The fracture behavior as well as the strengthening and toughening mechanisms were revealed. The results indicated that the Fe not only promoted the sintering densification of the tungsten matrix, but also caused the recrystallization of tungsten fiber from the surface to the center due to the element diffusion. The (i) relative density, (ii) residual fiber diameter (or residual fiber volume fraction) and (iii) flexural strength were (i) increased, (ii) decreased and (iii) increased with Fe content increased, respectively, while were (i) decreased, and (ii, iii) first increased and then decreased with the original fiber volume fraction increased, respectively. As for the composites containing 1.0%Fe, the fracture toughness was monotonically increased with the increase of the original fiber volume fraction. The fracture mode of the matrix was intergranular. The strength and toughness of the composites were enhanced as a result of fiber fracture, crack deflection, interface debonding, and fiber pull-out.

Constitutive model of interfacial bond-slip between steel fibers and concrete matrix after exposing to high temperature

In the current study, the bonding properties between two kinds of steel fiber with different shapes and concrete matrix after exposing to high temperatures are investigated experimentally and theoretically. A total of 55 samples were prepared and divided into five groups, subjected to different temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 800 °C, then the residual fiber pull-out strength was measured after naturally cooling down to room temperature. The results of the fibers pulling-out experiment and microstructure analysis show that the bond-slip property of hooked-end steel fiber is better than that of straight steel fiber at any temperature. The influence of temperature on the fiber-pulling performance is mainly due to the change of microstructure in the cement matrix. With the increase of temperature, the cracks of the matrix gradually increase, and the fiber will degrade after 800 °C. According to experimental analysis, a new elastic-plastic constitutive model of bond-slip is developed within the thermodynamic framework. A unified yield function is proposed to describe the pull-out process of fibers of different shapes, which only needs to determine the hardening characteristics. Combined with the principle of free energy dissipation, a damage evolution model of the interface after exposing to high temperature is proposed. The model requires several parameters with definite physical meanings to be obtained from the experiment. Compared with the experimental results, the model proposed in this paper is reliable and provides a basis for further research on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete after high temperatures.

Effects of extraction methods on the structure and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber from blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) berry

The work within this study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of compound enzyme extraction (CE), ultrasonic chemical extraction (UC) and combined fermentation extraction (CF) on the physicochemical properties, microstructure, and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) extracted from blue honeysuckle berries. The results showed that CE-SDF had higher crystallinity (32.41%). UC-SDF had the highest yield (13.32 ± 0.80 g/100 g). CF-SDF had the maximum inhibition of α-amylase (50.82 ± 0.76%) and α-glucosidase (54.87 ± 1.25%). The in vitro hypoglycemic activity of the three SDFs was observed in the order of CF > CE > UC. Meanwhile, the purity of SDF had a strong positive correlation with its antioxidant and in vitro hypoglycemic capacities. The crystallinity of SDF was found to be positively correlated with its molecular weight and thermal properties. Additionally, the sugar composition of SDF was found to be an important factor affecting its biological activity.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2 fiber toughened Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3) solidified ceramics prepared with high frequency induction zone melting

ZrO2 fiber toughened and non-fiber toughened Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3) directionally solidified eutectic ceramics (DSECs) were prepared via high frequency induction zone melting method, and the effects of both the fibers and the growth rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that both the fiber toughened and the non-fiber toughened DSECs were composed of α-Al2O3, c-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2, and their microstructures were all typical colony structure. The phase spacing in intracolony (λ) for these two kinds of DSECs gradually decreased with the increase of growth rate (ν), they satisfied λ = 10.31ν−1/2 and λ = 13.65 v−1/2, respectively. And the minimum values of λ were 2.33 ± 0.25 µm and 2.99 ± 0.17 µm, respectively, i.e., that is ZrO2 fiber decreased the phase spacing in intracolony about 22%. The fracture toughness for these two DSECs increased continuously with the growth rate, reached the maximum values of 5.72 ± 0.20 MPa m1/2 and 3.95 ± 0.23 MPa m1/2 at 30 mm/h, respectively, i.e., the former was about 1.45 times of the latter. At the same growth rate, the fracture toughness of ZrO2 fiber toughened DSEC were obviously higher than those of DSEC without fiber. When they encounter fibers with high elastic modulus during their propagation, the cracks will undergo deflection, bifurcation, or bridging, and the fibers will undergo debonding and pulling-out under the external stress, both of which consume a large amount of crack propagation energy and achieve toughening effect.

Beef quality assessment of local and imported sources illustrating a contrary view that freezing is the best way of beef preservation using morphometric analysis

The histological analysis of local and imported beef samples throughout storage at various intervals in 4 °C, before and after being frozen at − 18 °C, to detect the changes happened in the microstructure of muscle fibers to evaluate the meat nutritive properties in a step toward rapid evaluation of meat quality. The obtained results illustrated that freezing–thawing step of beef leads to the loss of its muscle fiber structure due to the high moisture content failure, highlighted the idea that imported beef show significant shrinkage in their muscle fibers from the beginning of its purchase to consumers as they seem to be imported as frozen and thawed just before exposed and sold as fresh. Through consumption survey, however consumers prefer local meat, it was detected that 67% of population is eating imported beef with 39.4% more than twice per week. Therefore, consumers’ minds should be changed to depend on locally slaughtered beef on facing their needs of the recommended daily intake of protein.

Bio composite of porous hydroxyapatite and collagen extracted from eggshell membrane and Oreochromis niloticus fish skin for bone tissue applications

AbstractPorous hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared by a chemical reaction between eggshell and phosphoric acid mixed with a foaming agent. Hydroxyapatite was composited with collagen prepared from a fermentation process of Acetobacter xylinum with eggshell membranes, extraction process of Oreochromis niloticus fish skin, and commercial‐grade collagen. Results of physical‐mechanical‐thermal properties of the bio composite materials yielded them as potential candidates for bone tissue engineering, drug delivery through the body, as well as tissue regeneration. The porous hydroxyapatite added foaming agent namely 64HA‐1NaHCO3‐500 and 64HA‐1NaHCO3‐600 having pore size and pore volume suitable for good adhering of collagen fiber types prepared from the fermentation process of Acetobacter xylinum of eggshell membrane and freeze‐drying process of Oreochromis niloticus. Because after reinforcing with collagen gave the highest compressive strength and three‐point bending strength values higher than HA samples without collagen three to five magnitudes. Furthermore, both bio composite samples served as positive thermal shock absorbers with significantly strong scanning electron microscope adhesion microstructures of collagen fibers within the porous HA matrices.

Pre-treated corn straw fiber for fiber-reinforced concrete preparation with high resistance to chloride ions corrosion

Chloride ions erosion is a negative factor for concrete sustainable usage. Fiber addition is a potential solution, which promotes a tight concrete structure formation resulting in the resistance of chloride ions. Corn straw is a kind of crop waste widely sourced that can be used as sustainable concrete reinforcement material. The traditional recycling method of corn straw including burnt as straw ash is not environment friendly. This work aims to pre-treat corn straw fiber (CSF) by some convenient methods (untreated, water-treated, alkali-treated) and add treated CSFs directly into concrete to prepare fiber-reinforced concrete with excellent mechanical properties and high resistance ability to chloride ions. The component content of different treated CSFs was tested to study the fibers composition and microstructure changes. The heat of hydration, compressive strength, and flexural strength were tested to study the hydration degree and the effect of different treated CSFs on the concrete mechanical performance. The rapid chloride permeability (RCPT) and chloride migration (RCM) tests were designed to study the reinforced concretes chloride ions resistance ability change. In addition, to further explore the mechanism of mechanical performance and chloride ions resistance ability change, water absorption rate (WAR) and mercury intrusion porosity (MIP) were tested to provide more supporting information from the micro-level. It is concluded that CSF treated by Na2SiO3 has the least impurities and a rougher surface with a larger specific surface area bonding with the cement substrate. Compared to the original concrete, the compressive strength of CSF concrete, WT-CSF concrete, and NT-CSF concrete increased by 15.7 %, 17.8 %, and 33.4 % respectively. The results of RCM and RCPT show a decreasing trend with different treated CSFs addition, the NT-CSF concrete shows the greatest decrease with 20.1 %, and 17.5 %, respectively. Except for the rougher surface and less impurities of CSF, the improvement of mechanical performance and chloride ions resistance ability is mainly due to treated CSF, especially the NT-CSF contributes to a denser structure formation based on the MIP and WAR test results. The viscosity of Na2SiO3 solution acts as a binder that helps to tighten the bonding between substrate and CSF. The water adsorbed by CSF and the alkaline environment provided by Na2SiO3 facilitates hydration decreasing the chloride ions migration. At the same time, the cellulose in CSF containing many hydroxyl and carboxyl groups further contributes to the concrete chloride ion resistance improvement due to its weak conductivity and the binding force of ions exchange.

Improving dispersion of recycled GFRP fiber in cement mortar with sodium hexametaphosphate

The dispersion of recycled glass fiber reinforced plastic (rGFRP) fibers in cement mortars has a significant impact on both the workability and mechanical properties of the composites. In this study, the dispersity of three types of rGFRP fibers was improved in two methods: Method 1: the dispersant (Sodium Hexametaphosphate, SHMP) was directly added into the mortar, and Method 2: the rGFRP fibers were pre-dispersed by the SHMP solution and then added into the mortar. The effect of the two fiber-dispersion methods on workability, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the rGFRP fiber reinforced mortars were investigated by Zeta potential test, mechanical tests, Mercury intrusion porosimetry and X-ray micro-CT analysis. The results showed that Method 2 had more significant improvement in mechanical strength than Method 1 for all types of rGFRP fiber reinforced mortar. The flexural strength of the mortars increased by 58.3%, 43.2% and 105.4% with 7.5 wt% GF1, GF2 and GF3 treated by Method 2, respectively, compared to their untreated counterparts. The pre-dispersion of the fibers with SHMP facilitated better dispersion of the large rGFRP fiber clusters in the mortar by increasing the surface charge of the fibers and enhancing repulsion between them, thus improving the mechanical performance of the mortar. The results of this study will promote the utilization of rGFRP fiber in construction materials.

Cross-sensitivity immune SPR sensor based on fan-shaped microstructured optical fiber for temperature and refractive index sensing.

To avoid coating and filling into the fiber holes, facilitate the phase-matching and eliminate cross-sensitivity problems, we propose a surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a fan-shaped microstructured optical fiber (MOF) for the simultaneous sensing of temperature and refractive index (RI). The fan-shaped structure is fabricated by polishing two sides of MOF with an angle of 120°. One side is coated with the gold film and polydimethylsiloxane layer for temperature sensing, and the other side is only coated with the gold film for RI sensing. The two sensing sides can support resonance peaks with two polarized directions at the angle of 120°, which are independent without cross-sensitivity. By monitoring the shifts of the two polarized peaks, our numerical results show that the temperature sensitivity is 2.932 nm/°C in the range of 30 °C to 40 °C, and RI sensitivity is 4235 nm/RIU in the range of 1.38 to 1.39, respectively.

Mechanical Performances Analysis and Prediction of Short Plant Fiber-Reinforced PLA Composites.

Plant fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) exhibits excellent mechanical properties and environmental friendliness and, therefore, has a wide range of applications. This study investigated the mechanical properties of three short plant fiber-reinforced PLA composites (flax, jute, and ramie) using mechanical testing and material characterization techniques (SEM, FTIR, and DSC). Additionally, we propose a methodology for predicting the mechanical properties of high-content short plant fiber-reinforced composite materials. Results indicate that flax fibers provide the optimal reinforcement effect due to differences in fiber composition and microstructure. Surface pretreatment of the fibers using alkali and silane coupling agents increases the fiber-matrix interface contact area, improves interface performance, and effectively enhances the mechanical properties of the composite. The mechanical properties of the composites increase with increasing fiber content, reaching the highest value at 40%, which is 38.79% higher than pure PLA. However, further increases in content lead to fiber agglomeration and decreased composite properties. When the content is relatively low (10%), the mechanical properties are degraded because of internal defects in the material, which is 40.42% lower than pure PLA. Through Micro-CT technology, the fiber was reconstructed, and it was found that the fiber was distributed mainly along the direction of injection molding, and the twin-screw process changes the shape and length of the fiber. By introducing the fiber agglomeration factor function and correcting the Halpin-Tsai criterion, the mechanical properties of composite materials with different contents were successfully predicted. Considering the complex stress state of composite materials in actual service processes, a numerical simulation method was established based on transversely isotropic material using the finite element method combined with theoretical analysis. The mechanical properties of high-content short plant fiber-reinforced composite materials were successfully predicted, and the simulation results showed strong agreement with the experimental results.

Sensitivity of confinement losses in optical fibers to modeling approach.

A prime objective of modeling optical fibers is capturing mode confinement losses correctly. This paper demonstrates that specific modeling choices, especially regarding the outer fiber cladding regions and the placement of the computational boundary, have significant impacts on the calculated mode losses. This sensitivity of the computed mode losses is especially high for microstructure fibers that do not guide light by total internal reflection. Our results illustrate that one can obtain disparate mode confinement loss profiles for the same optical fiber design simply by moving the boundary to a new material region. We conclude with new recommendations for how to better model these losses.

Efficient Fe3C-CF Cathode Catalyst Based on the Formation/Decomposition of Li2-xO2 for Li-O2 Batteries.

Lithium-oxygen batteries have attracted considerable attention in the past several years due to their ultra-high theoretical energy density. However, there are still many serious issues that must be addressed before considering practical applications, including the sluggish oxygen redox kinetics, the limited capacity far from the theoretical value, and the poor cycle stability. This study proposes a surface modification strategy that can enhance the catalytic activity by loading Fe3C particles on carbon fibers, and the microstructure of Fe3C particle-modified carbon fibers is studied by multiple materials characterization methods. Experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the discharge products on the Fe3C carbon fiber (Fe3C-CF) cathode are mainly Li2-xO2. Fe3C-CF exhibits high catalytic ability based on its promotion of the formation/decomposition processes of Li2-xO2. Consequently, the well-designed electrode catalyst exhibits a large specific capacity of 17,653.1 mAh g-1 and an excellent cyclability of 263 cycles at a current of 200 mA g-1.

Twisted Silica Few-Mode Hollow GeO2-Doped Ring-Core Microstructured Optical Fiber

This work presents the first instance of a silica few-mode microstructured optical fiber (MOF) being successfully fabricated with a hollow GeO2-doped ring core and by strongly inducing twisting up to 790 revolutions per meter. Some technological issues that occurred during the manufacturing of the GeO2-doped supporting elements for the large hollow cores are also described, which complicated the spinning of the MOFs discussed above. We also provide the results of the tests performed for the pilot samples—designed and manufactured using the untwisted and twisted MOFs described above—which were characterized by an outer diameter of 65 µm, a hollow ring core with an inner diameter of 30.5 µm, under a wall thickness of 1.7 µm, and a refractive index difference of Δn = 0.030. Moreover, their geometrical parameters, basic transmission characteristics, and the measurements of the far-field laser beam profile patterns are also provided.

Mechanical properties and microstructure of engineered cementitious composites with high volume steel slag and GGBFS

Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) achieve exceptional ductility and durability, but the heavy reliance on cement has notable environmental impacts. In this work, the steel slag (SS) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) are introduced into ECC by largely substituting cement. The impact of SS and GGBFS content on ECC’s mechanical performance is analyzed at macro and micro scales in terms of fiber dispersion, mechanical properties, cracking patterns, cement hydration, and microstructure. The results demonstrate that SS can enhance fiber dispersion due to the low water demand and the strong electronic double layer formed on the surface of SS particles. While ECC with a high volume of SS alone (60 wt% SS) lacks the necessary strength for structural applications, the combination of GGBFS and SS exhibits favorable hydration properties and can effectively refine the pore structure. Thus, ECC with GGBFS and SS attains ideal toughness. ASTM C 1018 based toughness indices reveal that the Imax of ECC with 30 wt% GGBFS and 30 wt% SS is 2.30 times that of OPC based ECC. A sustainability analysis demonstrates that substituting 30 wt% SS and 30 wt% GGBFS for cement leads to a 33% reduction in energy consumption and a 53% decrease in CO2 emissions of ECC.

Microstructure, strength, and fiber texture evolutions in arc-based casting using low-carbon steel wire

The present investigation introduced a modified casting route for steel component manufacturing that uses an electric arc to melt the filler wire and transfer the molten metals as tiny droplets into the sand mould. To study the influence of heat input on microstructure, phase percentage, interlamellar spacing, tensile properties, wear resistance, residual stress, and texture fiber evolutions, samples are cast on a wide range of wire feed speed (WFS) (3 to 9 m/min). It has been observed that higher WFS increases the heat input that transfers small-sized molten droplets into the mould cavity at a faster rate and suitably reduces the mould filling time. Heat input shows a positive response with the microstructural evolutions, i.e., large-sized grains with increased pearlite concentration and interlamellar spacing are encountered under high heat input (low cooling rate). It is attributed to improved carbon atom diffusion with the ferrite phase and increased pearlite transformation time. This increment in pearlite concentration and compressive residual stress further enhanced the tensile performances. Wear resistance varies inversely with the heat input rate. A confirmation of the oxide layer formation due to frictional heat generation during wear testing has been authenticated from Raman spectroscopy analysis. Due to its drop-by-drop deposition nature, high WFS raises the heating rate and droplet detachment frequency. Hence, the degree of recrystallisation increases that boost up ϒ-fiber development with intensified θ-fiber components like {001}〈110〉 and {001}〈100〉. Due to the controlled metal transfer under plasma and argon gas shielding, the casted sample has fewer chances of porosity.

Influence of Oxygen Uptake on Pitch Carbon Fiber.

Carbon fiber precursor materials, such as polyacrylonitrile, pitch, and cellulose/rayon, require thermal stabilization to maintain structural integrity during conversion into carbon fiber. Thermal stabilization mitigates undesirable decomposition and liquification of the fibers during the carbonization process. Generally, the thermal stabilization of mesophase pitch consists of the attachment of oxygen-containing functional groups onto the polymeric structure. In this study, the oxidation of mesophase pitch precursor fibers at various weight percentage increases (1, 3.5, 5, 7.5 wt%) and temperatures (260, 280, 290 °C) using in situ differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis isinvestigated. The results areanalyzed to determine the effect of temperature and weight percentage increase on the stabilization process of the fibers, and the fibers aresubsequently carbonized and tested for tensile mechanical performance. Thefindings provide insight into the relationship between stabilization conditions, fiber microstructure, and mechanical properties of the resulting carbon fibers.

Mechanical properties and microstructure of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars embedded in carbonated reactive MgO-based concrete (RMC)

Reactive MgO cement (RMC) is an emerging low-carbon material which can be a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to its capability to sequester CO2. However, the application of carbonated RMC concrete in conventional steel reinforced concrete infrastructure is restricted by its inherent low alkalinity (∼10.4), which cannot protect steel from rusting. To address this issue, glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars can be employed. In this study, the mechanical properties and microstructures of RMC-GFRP exposed to various temperatures (23, 40 or 60 °C) for 21, 45 and 90 days were investigated. Experimental results showed that the low-alkalinity carbonated RMC concrete was less aggressive than the normal concrete (NC) to GFRP rebars, remarkably enhancing the tensile strength retention of GFRP rebars from 73.6% to 90.4% after 90 days of exposure at 40 °C. Micromorphology observation indicated that the higher tensile strength retention was ascribed to the reduced GFRP degradation (i.e., matrix cracking, fiber erosion and fiber/matrix interfacial debonding) under the low-alkalinity condition. Additionally, the flexural strength of 90-day aged RMC- and NC-GFRP samples at 60 °C were close to that of unconditioned GFRP samples (791 MPa and 788 MPa vs. 791 MPa), which was attributed to the unchanged glass transition temperature and stable elastic modulus of GFRP. The RMC- and NC-GFRP samples also showed very little change in inter-laminar shear strength as compared to the unconditioned GFRP samples, as the middle layer of GFRP rebars was well-protected from external water and chemicals. Based on the empirical degradation model and activation energy derived from test results at different temperatures, the predicted tensile strength retention of RMC-GFRP after an extended period (∼100 years) under Canadian climate is still sufficient. This study will shed light on the understanding of degradation mechanism and practical application of GFRP reinforced RMC in infrastructure construction.

Recent Advances in MXene-Based Fibers: Fabrication, Performance, and Application.

Two-dimensional transition metal carbide/nitrides (MXenes) have recently received extensive attention due to their diverse material types and versatile structures, large-scale production, and excellent properties. MXene sheets possess abundant hydrophilic functional groups on their surface, which enable them to be assembled into macroscopic fibers or compounded with other functional materials to produce composite fibers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of MXene fibers in terms of their fabrication, structure, properties, and recent applications as flexible and wearable electronics. The review will discuss the principles of different methods used to synthesize MXene fibers and analyze the characteristics of the as-synthesized fibers, with a particular focus on the wet spinning method. The fundamental relationships between the microstructure of MXene fibers and their resulting mechanical and electrical properties will be explored. Furthermore, the review will elaborate on the progress made in MXene-based fibers in the rapidly growing field of wearable electronics applications, provide insights into future development of MXene fiber materials and propose solutions to the challenges facing practical applications.