Proliferation Of MG-63 Cells Research Articles

Evaluation of the effects of alumina nanowire on 3D printed polycaprolactone / magnetic mesoporous bioactive glass scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications

In bone tissue engineering, it is necessary to choose appropriate and efficient biomaterial for higher efficiency of the scaffold. This study used the sol-gel method to synthesise magnetic mesoporous bioactive glass (MMBG). Then, different percentage of alumina nanowire (Al2O3) were mechanically added to MMBG. After that, it was mixed with polycaprolactone (PCL) polymeric solution, and finally, the samples were printed using by Liquid Deposition Modeling (LDM) method. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, Bruner-Emmt-Teller (BET) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis illustrated that the synthesised bioactive glass nanoparticles have a mesoporous structure with paramagnetic properties. The SEM results of the 3D printed scaffolds illustrated homogeneous structures with interconnected pores. The scaffolds' mechanical strength and contact angle were significantly improved by adding Al2O3 up to 5 wt %. Furthermore, the degradation and bioactivity of the scaffolds improved with the presence of alumina nanowires. Cell viability and proliferation of MG-63 cells and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity significantly increased in PCL/MMBG/5Al2O3 scaffolds compared to PCL and PCL/MMBG scaffolds. Results obtained from this study demonstrated that the 3D printed PCL/MMBG/5Al2O3 scaffold could be an acceptable candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.

Fabrication of polycaprolactone/heparinized nano fluorohydroxyapatite scaffold for bone tissue engineering uses

In this study, some polycaprolactone (PCL)/heparinized nano fluorohydroxyapatite (H-nFHA) scaffolds were fabricated with different amounts of H-nFHA using solid-liquid phase separation and freeze-drying methods. The scaffolds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy techniques, and compressive test. Their biological behavior also was studied using Alkaline phosphatase activity and MTT assay. The results showed that adding H-nFHA to the PCL matrix improves MG-63 cells adhesion and proliferation and they also showed that heparinizing the nFHA particles improves the mechanical properties and dispersion of the nFHA particles in the PCL matrix for bone tissue engineering uses.

Emodin induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by promoting ATM protein cleavage

Purpose: To investigate the effect of emodin on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis.
 Methods: The osteosarcoma cell proliferation ability was determined by CCK-8, apoptosis level and cell cycle were determined via flow cytometry. Honechst staining was used to determine the ratio of nuclear pyknosis, Western blotting was used to determine the expression of AKT, p-AKT and caspase-3 precursor protein in each group of osteosarcoma cells.
 Results: Emodin significantly inhibited the MG-63 cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). It further blocked osteosarcoma cells in G1/G0 phase and decreased the expression of AKT, p-AKT, and caspase-3 (p < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Emodin inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth by inhibiting ATM protein cleavage. There is a need to carry out further investigation of the effect of emodin on osteosarcoma cells using animal models in order to ascertain its potential in the management of osteosarcoma.

FGF23 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating miR-340-5p in osteosarcoma

BackgroundIncreasing evidences have been indicated that FGF23 is associated with the biological behavior of malignant tumors, but its role in osteosarcoma and the specific mechanism need to be elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of FGF23 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, and the possible molecular mechanisms.MethodsWestern blot was used to detect differences in FGF23 expression in osteosarcoma cells MG-63 and U2-OS and osteoblasts hFOB1.19. FGF23-overexpressing adenoviruses and FGF-silencing plasmids were transfected into osteosarcoma cells, and transfection efficiency was verified using Western blot. MTT and colony formation assays were performed to detect osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. Scratch assay, holographic imaging cell analyzer Holomonitor ® M4 and transwell were applied to detect cell migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the interaction between FGF23 and miR-340-5p. Changes in miR-340-5p mRNA levels were measured by QRT-PCR.ResultsFGF23 is highly expressed in osteosarcoma cells compared to hFOB1.19. Overexpression of FGF23 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of MG-63 and U2-OS cells. MiR-340-5p is a target of FGF23. Transfection of miR-340-5p mimics reversed the promoting effects of FGF23 on proliferation, migration and invasion of MG-63 and U2-OS cells.ConclusionFGF23 promotes osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting miR-340-5p gene expression.

Xianling Gubao attenuates high glucose-induced bone metabolism disorder in MG63 osteoblast-like cells.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are prone to osteoporosis, and high glucose (HG) can affect bone metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of traditional Chinese herbal formulation Xianling Gubao (XLGB) on HG-treated MG63 osteoblast-like cells. MG63 cells were incubated with control (mannitol), HG (20 mM glucose) or HG + XLGB (20 mM glucose+200 mg/L XLGB) mediums. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were examined using CCK8, colony-formation, flow cytometry, Hoechst/PI staining, wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. ELISA, RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the levels of osteogenesis differentiation-associated markers such as ALP, OCN, OPN, RUNX2, OPG, and OPGL in MG63 cells. The levels of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway related proteins, cell cycle-related proteins, and mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins were detected using western blot analysis. In HG-treated MG63 cells, XLGB significantly attenuated the suppression on the proliferation, migration and invasion of MG63 cells caused by HG. HG downregulated the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the expressions of cell cycle-related proteins, while XLGB reversed the inhibition of HG on MG63 cells. Moreover, XLGB significantly reduced the promotion on the apoptosis of MG63 cells induced by HG, the expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins were suppressed by XLGB treatment. In addition, the expressions of osteogenesis differentiation-associated proteins were also rescued by XLGB in HG-treated MG63 cells. Our data suggest that XLGB rescues the MG63 osteoblasts against the effect of HG. The potential therapeutic mechanism of XLGB partially attributes to inhibiting the osteoblast apoptosis and promoting the bone formation of osteoblasts.

Improving mechanical, degradation and biological behavior of biodegradable Mg–2Ag alloy: effects of Y addition and heat treatment

Biodegradable Mg–Ag alloys are promising implants for bone regeneration owing to their ability to decrease inflammation and infection after implantation by the presence of Ag. However, their bioperformance requires further enhancement. In this regard, the effects of 1 wt % Y addition and solid solution heat treatment (T4) on microstructure, biocorrosion behavior, mechanical properties and biological features of a cast Mg–2Ag alloy were studied. Corrosion tests indicated the remarkable role of T4 treatment in promoting corrosion resistance by increasing microstructure homogeneity, reduction of defects and volume fraction of secondary phases as well as eliminating the dendritic microstructure of as-cast Mg–2Ag alloy. The presence of a stable Y-rich corrosion film on the surface of heat-treated Mg–2Ag–1Y alloy could effectively improve the corrosion resistance by inhibiting corrosion propagation. The results of cell culture experiments proved the good cell attachment and proliferation of osteoblast-like cell line MG63 on Mg–2Ag and Mg–2Ag–1Y alloys. Furthermore, the cell attachment and viability were significantly enhanced by the incorporation of Y in the solution state of Mg–2Ag alloy due to the low volume of evolved hydrogen bubbles and superb corrosion resistance.

Additive manufacturing of the high-strength and low modulus biomedical Ti-10 Nb alloy under reactive atmosphere

In situ enhancement of alloy properties via additive manufacturing is a convenient and promising approach that is attracting increasing attention. Herein, we overcame the insufficient strength of Ti-10Nb alloy used in orthopedic implants by introducing an Ar + N 2 reactive atmosphere during selective laser melting. The mechanical properties, phase compositions, microstructures, and biocompatibility of the Ti-10Nb alloys formed under the reactive atmospheres containing 3 vol.% and 5 vol.% N 2 were investigated. Scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscope were employed to investigate the mechanism of N on the mechanical property evolution of Ti-10Nb. The biocompatibility of the Ti-10Nb alloys fabricated under different N 2 concentrations was investigated using in vitro cell proliferation and adhesion assays, with pure Ti used as a reference. The Ti-10Nb alloy displayed a tensile strength of 855 MPa, yield strength of 763 MPa, an elongation of 21.6%, and elastic modulus of 72 GPa when the N 2 fraction was 3 vol.%. The as-printed Ti-10Nb alloy exhibited good biocompatibility, and the introduction of N promoted the proliferation of MG-63 cells. This study paves the way for the synthesis of high-strength and low modulus biomedical Ti alloys by reactive additive manufacturing.

Silver nanoparticles doped poly(3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) on titania nanotubes for orthopaedic application

This research is focused on analysing the behaviour of electropolymerized PEDOT doped with AgNPs on TNTA surface (AgNPs-PEDOT/TNTA) to improve corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity and biocompatibility that suits the orthopaedic field of research. Electrochemical anodization was performed to develop a uniformly ordered TNTA in a fluoride-based electrolyte. AgNPs-PEDOT was evenly incorporated on anodized TNTA surface using electropolymerization process. The morphological images of anodized TNTA and AgNPs-PEDOT/TNTA were captured using HR-SEM analysis. XRD, XPS and ATR-FTIR spectroscopic analyses were performed to determine the crystallinity, chemical entities and functional groups of AgNPs-PEDOT/TNTA. The corrosion prevention of AgNPs-PEDOT/TNTA was examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SCEM) and potentiodynamic polarization studies. In vitro immersion studies of AgNPs-PEDOT/TNTA were systematically carried out for 7, 14 and 21 days in Hanks’ solution. The viability and proliferation of MG63 cells with and without silver nanoparticles doped PEDOT were assessed using the MTT assay. The involvement of silver nanoparticles in the antibacterial performance of PEDOT electropolymerized TNTA was examined using gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The presence of AgNPs in PEDOT plays a favourable role in long term implantation with excellent antibacterial and biochemical activity.

LncRNA PCED1B-AS1 knockdown inhibits osteosarcoma via methylation-mediated miR-10a downregulation

BackgroundLncRNA PCED1B-AS1 (PCED1B-AS1) promotes glioma. This study aimed to investigate its role in osteosarcoma (OS).MethodsThe study included 60 OS patients. Accumulation of miR-10a and PCED1B-AS1 in tissues from OS patients and cell lines was determined by RT-qPCR. Cell transfections were performed for interaction analysis. Participation of PCED1B-AS1 siRNA silencing and miR-10a overexpression in proliferation, invasion, and migration of U2OS and MG-63 cells was analyzed by cell proliferation assay and Transwell assay.ResultsPCED1B-AS1 level was increased in OS and positively correlated with miR-10a level. In OS cells, PCED1B-AS1 siRNA silencing downregulated miR-10a. Methylation-specific PCR analysis showed that PCED1B-AS1 siRNA silencing decreased the methylation of miR-10a gene promoter. Moreover, PCED1B-AS1 siRNA silencing suppressed OS cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In addition, miR-10a overexpression attenuated the effects of PCED1B-AS1 siRNA silencing.ConclusionPCED1B-AS1 knockdown may inhibit OS cell proliferation and movement by regulating miR-10 gene methylation.

Gelatin/monetite electrospun scaffolds to regenerate bone tissue: Fabrication, characterization, and in-vitro evaluation

This work is dedicated to combining nanotechnology with bone tissue engineering to prepare and characterize electrospun gelatin/monetite nanofibrous scaffold with improved physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Nanofibrous scaffolds possessing fiber diameter in the range of 242–290 nm were prepared after incorporating varying content of monetite nanoparticles up to 7 wt % into the gelatin matrix using the electrospinning technique. Cross-linking of gelatin chains in the scaffold was performed using 0.25 wt% glutaraldehyde as indicated by imine (-CN-) bond formation in the FTIR analysis. With an increase in monetite addition up to 7 wt%, a decrease in swelling ratio and bio-degradability of cross-linked gelatin scaffolds was observed. Gelatin scaffold with 7 wt% monetite content registered the highest values of tensile strength and tensile modulus of 18.8 MPa and 170 MPa, as compared to 0% and 5 wt% monetite containing scaffolds respectively. Cell viability and differentiation were studied after culturing MG-63 cells onto the scaffolds from confocal microscopy of live and dead cells images, MTT assay, and alkaline phosphatase assay for a cell culture period of up to 21 days. It was observed that 7 wt % monetite containing gelatin scaffold exhibited better MG-63 cell adhesion, proliferation, higher biomineralization, and ALP activity compared to 0% and 5 wt% monetite containing electrospun scaffolds studied here.

Development of chitosan-polygalacturonic acid polyelectrolyte complex fibrous scaffolds using the hydrothermal treatment for bone tissue engineering.

An ideal bone regeneration scaffold system needs to meet the high compressive properties of the bone. The stiffness of the scaffold extracellular matrix determines the cell's fate via cell adhesion migration and differentiation in-vitro and in-vivo. This study aims to investigate the effect of hydrothermal treatment on polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) fibrous biomaterials and its effect on scaffold morphology, cell viability, and function in-vitro. FTIR analysis revealed the ability of the thermal treatment to set the interaction of HAp with polymeric PEC fibers. FESEM analysis showed that with an increase in temperature, the interconnectivity and pore size increased (control-82.38 ± 12.92 μm; at 120°C-335.48 ± 85.10μm). Mechanical tests showed that the scaffolds heated at 90°C showed the highest stiffness in both dry and wet states (dry state: 1.82 ± 0.07 MPa, wet state: 122 ± 1.78 kPa). Additionally, the hydrothermal treatment also improved the aqueous stability as well as swelling capacity. According to the experimental findings, hydrothermal treatment is a useful technique for crosslinker-free gelation with improved mechanical strength and nanofibrous structure. Furthermore, the cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of the MG63 cells on the hydrogel scaffolds in-vitro were evaluated by MTT assay, confocal imaging, alkaline phosphatase assay, and collagen estimation. The in-vitro study showed that scaffolds fabricated at 90°C promoted better MG63 cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. These results suggest the potential use of hydrothermal treated chitosan-polygalacturonic acid (PgA) fibrous scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.

β-Carboline dimers inhibit the tumor proliferation by the cell cycle arrest of sarcoma through intercalating to Cyclin-A2.

β-Carbolines are potentially strong alkaloids with a wide range of bioactivities, and their dimers exhibit stronger antitumor activity other than the monomers. However, the detailed mechanisms of the β-carboline dimers in inhibiting sarcoma (SARC) remain unclear. The results showed that β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid dimers Comp1 and Comp2, which were synthesized in our lab and modified at the N9 position and linked at the C3 position, exhibited effective inhibition activity on MG-63 proliferation (IC50 = 4.6μM). Meanwhile, the large scale transcriptome profiles of SARC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed, and found that abnormal expression of genes relevant to apoptosis, cell cycle, and signaling pathways of Hedgehog, HIF, Ras involved in the SARC pathogenesis. Interestingly, both dimers could promote the apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in S phase to inhibit proliferation of MG-63. Moreover, Comp1 and Comp2 inhibited the expression CDK2, CCNA2, DBF4, and PLK1 associated with various immune cells and cell cycle in MG-63. Remarkably, drug-target interaction network analysis showed that numerous proteins involved in cell cycle were the potential targets of Comp1 and Comp2, especially CCNA2. Further molecular docking, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) confirmed that both dimers could directly interact with CCNA2, which is significantly correlated with CD4+ T cells, by strong hydrophobic interactions (Kd=5.821 ×106 N). Meanwhile, the levels of CCNA2 and CDK2 were inhibited to decrease in MG-63 by both dimer treatments at transcription and protein levels, implying that Comp1 and Comp2 blocked the interaction between CCNA2 and CDK2 through competitive binding with CCNA2 to arrest the cell cycle of MG-63 cells in the S phase. Additionally, the transcriptome profiles of β-carboline-treated mice from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were obtained, and found that similar antitumor mechanism was shared among β-carboline derivatives. Overall, our results elucidated the antitumor mechanisms of Comp1 and Comp2 through dual-suppressing the function of CCNA2 to profoundly arrest cell cycle of MG-63, then effectively inhibited cell proliferation of MG-63. These results provide new insights into the antitumor mechanism of β-carboline dimers and new routes of various novel cancer-related drug targets for future possible cancer therapy.

Anti-EGFR Targeted Multifunctional I-131 Radio-Nanotherapeutic for Treating Osteosarcoma: In Vitro 3D Tumor Spheroid Model.

The systemic delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to treat osteosarcoma requires an adequate drug concentration to be effective, but in doing so, it raises the risk of increasing organ off-target toxicity and developing drug resistance. Herein, this study reveals a multiple therapeutic nanocarrier delivery platform that overcomes off-target toxicity by providing good specificity and imparting enhanced tumor penetration in a three-dimensional (3D) human MG-63 spheroid model. By synthesizing PEG-PLGA nanoparticles by the double emulsion method, encapsulating DOX and Na131I in the inner core, and conjugating with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, it is intended to specifically target human MG-63 cells. The nanocarrier is biocompatible with blood and has good stability characteristics. Na131I encapsulation efficiency was >96%, and radiochemical purity was >96% over 96 h. A DOX encapsulation efficacy of ~80% was achieved, with a drug loading efficiency of ~3%, and a sustained DOX release over 5 days. The nanocarrier EGFR antibody achieved a ~80-fold greater targeting efficacy to MG-63 cells (EGFR+) than fibroblast cells (EGFR−). The targeted multiple therapeutic DIE-NPs have a higher penetration and uptake of Na131I to the 3D model and a ~3-fold higher cytotoxicity than the DOX monotherapy (D-NPs). The co-administration of DOX and Na131I (DIE-NPs) disrupts DNA repair and generates free radicals resulting in DNA damage, triggering the activation of apoptosis pathways. This leads to inhibition of MG-63 cell proliferation and promotes cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, the PEGylated anti-EGFR functionalized DIE-NPs were found to be biocompatible with red blood cells and to have no adverse effects. This anti-EGFR targeted multifunctional I-131 radio-nanotherapeutic signifies a customizable specific targeted treatment for osteosarcoma.

Fabrication and characterization of novel polyhydroxybutyrate-keratin/nanohydroxyapatite electrospun fibers for bone tissue engineering applications

The role of scaffolds in bone regeneration is of great importance. Here, the electrospun scaffolds of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)-keratin (PHB-K)/nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) with different morphologies (long nanorods (HAR) and very short nanorods (HAP)) and weight percentages (up to 10 w/w%) of nHA were fabricated and characterized. The fibers integrity, the porosity of above 80%, and increase in pore size up to 16 μm were observed by adding nHA. The nanofibers crystallinity increased by 13.5 and 22.8% after the addition of HAR and HAP, respectively. The scaffolds contact angle decreased by almost 20° and 40° after adding 2.5 w/w% HAR and HAP, respectively. The tensile strength of the scaffolds increased from 2.99 ± 0.3 MPa for PHB-K to 6.44 ± 0.16 and 9.27 ± 0.04 MPa for the scaffolds containing 2.5 w/w% HAR and HAP, respectively. After immersing the scaffolds into simulated body fluid (SBF), the Ca concentration decreased by 55% for HAR- and 73% for HAP-containing scaffolds, showing the bioactivity of nHA-containing scaffolds. The results of cell attachment, proliferation, and viability of MG-63 cells cultured on the nanocomposites showed the positive effects of nHA. The results indicate that the nanocomposite scaffolds, especially HAP-containing ones, can be suitable for bone tissue engineering applications.

Cisplatin and Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibit the Progression of Osteosarcoma via EGFR/P13K/Akt Signaling Pathway

We attempted to analyze the effects of cisplatin and exogenous hydrogen on the invasion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells through EGFR/P13K/Akt signaling pathway. The effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide and cisplatin on the invasion, apoptosis and proliferation of MG-63 cells were detected by transwell chamber invasion experiment, flow cytometry and CCK-8 method. After 24 and 48 hours of drug action, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation was significantly higher than in the combined treatment. The number of cells decreased significantly, compared with the control group. Western blotting and qRT-PCR showed that the expression of Akt mRNA in MG-63 cells treated with cisplatin+hydrogen sulfide at different concentrations for 48 hours decreased. The expression of Akt, P13K and EGFR were decreased Flow cytometry analysis showed that after the drug treatment of MG-63 cells, the S phase of cisplatin and cisplatin+exogenous hydrogen concentrations with different prolonged concentrations was significantly shortened phase and the G0/G1 was significantly, and the apoptosis rate of each group was significantly increased. Cisplatin and exogenous hydrogen sulfide can synergistically inhibit the proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, and regulate the apoptosis mechanism of MG-63 cells through EGFR/P13K/Akt signaling pathway.

Microstructural, dielectric, mechanical, and biological properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp)/BZT-BCT (0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3) bio-composites with improved mechano-electrical properties for bone repair

Hydroxyapatite (HAp; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is a commonly used biomaterial for bone tissue repair applications but it has poor electrical conductivity. Whereas, BZT-BCT (0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3) is a lead-free piezoelectric material which can mimic the stress-generated electric potential of electrically-excitable tissues such as bone. This study investigated the mechanical, electrical and bio properties of xHAp/(1-x)BZT-BCT composites. xHAp/(1-x)BZT-BCT composites (with x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) were synthesized by high energy ball milling (HEBM) assisted solid-state reaction route. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, density measurements and cell-material interaction studies of sintered HAp/BZT-BCT composites were carried out and discussed in detail. Dielectric properties of sintered composites were evaluated and compared with the existing theoretical models. Different mechanical properties like Vicker's hardness, fracture toughness, and diametral tensile strength were measured to assess the usability of synthesized composites for load-bearing orthopaedic applications. These various studies showed that incorporation of BZT-BCT in HAp improved its mechanical and electrical properties and thereby significantly increased the proliferation of human osteogenic MG-63 cells. Among all the composites, better mechanical, electrical and biological properties were obtained in 10HAp/90BZT-BCT composites.

Fabrication, morphological, mechanical and biological performance of 3D printed poly(ϵ-caprolactone)/bioglass composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications

Several techniques, such as additive manufacturing, have been used for the manufacture of polymer-ceramic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. A new extruder head recently developed for improving the manufacturing process is an experimental 3D printer Fab@CTI that enables the use of ceramic powders in the processing of composite materials or polymer blends. Still, the manufacturing process needs improvement to promote the dispersion of ceramic particles in the polymer matrix. This article addresses the manufacture of scaffolds by 3D printing from mixtures of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) and a glass powder of same composition of 45S5Bioglass®, labeled as synthesized bioglass (SBG), according to two different methods that investigated the efficiency of the new extruder head. The first one is a single extrusion process in a Fab@CTI 3D printer, and the other consists in the pre-processing of the PCL-SBG mixture in a mono-screw extruder with a Maddock® element, followed by direct extrusion in the experimental Fab@CTI 3D printer. The morphological characterization of the extruded samples by scanning electron microscope showed an architecture of 0°/90° interconnected struts and suitable porosity for bone tissue engineering applications. Scaffolds fabricated by two methods shows compressive modulus ranging from 54.4 ± 14.2 to 155.9 ± 20.4 MPa, results that are compatible to use in bone tissue engineering. Cytotoxicity assays showed non-toxic effects and viability for in vitro MG-63 cell proliferation. Alizarin Red staining test showed calcium deposition in all scaffolds, which suggests PCL/SBG composites promising candidates for use in bone tissue engineering. Results of cell morphology suggest more cell growth and adhesion for scaffolds fabricated using the pre-processing in a mono-screw extruder.

Mussel-inspired polydopamine decorated alginate dialdehyde-gelatin 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application.

This study utilized extrusion-based 3D printing technology to fabricate calcium-cross-linked alginate dialdehyde-gelatin scaffolds for bone regeneration. The surface of polymeric constructs was modified with mussel-derived polydopamine (PDA) in order to induce biomineralization, increase hydrophilicity, and enhance cell interactions. Microscopic observations revealed that the PDA layer homogeneously coated the surface and did not appear to induce any distinct change in the microstructure of the scaffolds. The PDA-functionalized scaffolds were more mechanically stable (compression strength of 0.69 ± 0.02 MPa) and hydrophilic (contact angle of 26) than non-modified scaffolds. PDA-decorated ADA-GEL scaffolds demonstrated greater durability. As result of the 18-days immersion in simulated body fluid solution, the PDA-coated scaffolds showed satisfactory biomineralization. Based on theoretical energy analysis, it was shown that the scaffolds coated with PDA interact spontaneously with osteocalcin and osteomodulin (binding energy values of −35.95 kJ mol−1 and −46.39 kJ mol−1, respectively), resulting in the formation of a protein layer on the surface, suggesting applications in bone repair. PDA-coated ADA-GEL scaffolds are capable of supporting osteosarcoma MG-63 cell adhesion, viability (140.18% after 7 days), and proliferation. In addition to increased alkaline phosphatase secretion, osteoimage intensity also increased, indicating that the scaffolds could potentially induce bone regeneration. As a consequence, the present results confirm that 3D printed PDA-coated scaffolds constitute an intriguing novel approach for bone tissue engineering.

ISONIAZID-BASED SCHIFF'S BASES IN BONE CANCER STUDIES USING MG-63 CELL LINES

Objective: Anticancer activities of Schiff bases S1 and S2 against MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells were performed and described using an in vitro evaluation employing cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay. Methods: MG-63 cells were used in an MTT assay to examine the effect of the compound on cell viability (S1 and S2). Cell morphologies and IC50 values were obtained. The acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) dual staining technique was used to determine the apoptosis process. Results: Our findings showed that synthesised S1 and S2 reduced MG-63 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, implying that they could be used to treat bone cancer. Conclusion: Our findings showed that synthesised S1 and S2 reduced MG-63 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, implying that they could be used to treat bone cancer.

Optimization and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate/lignin electro-spun scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

The tissue engineering scaffolds requires efficient combination of materials, appropriate method of preparation, and precise characterization of final product. In this study, the optimal electrospinning process conditions of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) were investigated by Taguchi design. Then, the initial PHB solution characteristics in the presence of lignin were optimized and then electro-spun. In this regard, the uniformity of electro-spun nanofibers, observed by SEM, confirmed that 9 w/v % is the optimum concentration of PHB in Trifluoro acetic acid. Addition of 6 wt% of lignin to PHB, could alleviate both the brittleness and hydrophobicity of PHB, as DSC, XRD, and WCA results indicated decrement in crystallinity (from 46 to 39 %), crystal size (from 21.8 to 15.2 nm), and WCA (from 118 to 73°). On the other hand, FESEM results represented diameter reduction from 1318 ± 202.07 to 442 ± 111.04 nm, and transformation of nanofiber physical structure from ribbon-like to cylindrical fiber by adding lignin. In addition, the mechanical properties of PHB including elongation at break, toughness, young modulus, and tensile strength were also improved (up to twice) by adding lignin. Ultimately, reviewing the outputs of degradation, bioactivity, MG63 cell viability, proliferation, mineralization, and antioxidant activity confirm that PHB/lignin electrospun scaffold has potential application in tissue engineering.