Mg Of Thiamine Research Articles

Direct assay of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 in hospitalized patients: relationship to level of intake.

High-performance liquid chromatography assays for vitamins B1 by erythrocyte thiamine pyrophosphate, B2 by plasma and urinary riboflavin, and B6 by plasma pyridoxal phosphate and urinary pyridoxic acid were used to evaluate the B vitamin status of hospitalized patients. Over an intake range of up to 3.4 mg of thiamine per day and up to 4.1 mg of riboflavin per day, erythrocyte thiamine pyrophosphate and urine and plasma riboflavin increased proportionately with intake. There was no relationship between B6 intake and blood levels. Rather, a constant blood level was maintained with an intake range of 0.5 to 4 mg/d, and urinary pyridoxic acid showed a linear increase proportionate to intake. There were extremely variable blood and urine concentrations of B vitamins noted in our patient population.

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of total thiamine in human plasma for oral bioavailability studies

AbstractA high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of total thiamine in plasma was developed for a relative bioavailability comparison of two oral thiamine preparations. After separation of thiamine mono- and diphosphates with the phosphatase enzyme, the total thiamine was subjected to reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, postcolumn oxidized to thiochrome with K3[Fe(CN)6], and detected by fluorescence. In the bioavailability study, 16 human subjects were put on a low-thiamine diet for 3 days. On the 2nd and 3rd days, 14 blood samples per subject and day were taken at the same times each day. Drug administration did not take place until the 3rd day. After deduction of the native concentrations of total thiamine detected on the 2nd day (mean value of ˜ 7 ng/mL), the post-treatment pharmacokinetic parameters were determined (two different preparations, each with 200mg of thiamine - HCI).

Evaluation of edetate and thiamine for treatment of experimentally induced environmental lead poisoning in cattle

SUMMARY Twenty mature Holstein cows were randomized into 5 treatment groups. Cows of groups 2 to 5 were given 2 mg of elemental Pb/kg of body weight for 28 days. Clinical signs of plumbism were scored, and blood for Pb, progesterone, and hematologic analyses was collected weekly. Cows also were examined weekly for anomalous ovarian cycles. Starting on study day 28, cows in group 3 were treated once daily with 2 mg of thiamine HCl/kg (im) for 13 days, cows in group 4 were treated twice daily with 62 mg of Na2, Ca-edta/kg (iv) for 4 days, and cows in group 5 were given thiamine (dosage regimen the same as for group 3) plus Na2, Ca-edta (dosage regimen the same as for group 4). On study days 96 through 139, cows were slaughtered in a commercial abattoir and samples of blood, skeletal muscles, bones, liver, and kidneys were collected and assayed for Pb concentration. Thiamine was not effective in reducing blood Pb concentration, and treatment with Na2, Ca-edta and thiamine plus Na2, Ca-edta was effective in reducing the concentration of Pb in blood. However, treatment with thiamine was more effective than treatment with Na2, Ca-edta or thiamine plus Na2, Ca-edta in inducing remission of clinical signs of plumbism. The concentration of Pb in blood was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated to the concentration of Pb in liver, kidneys, skeletal muscles, and bones. Significant (P < 0.05) relationship existed between number of days from Pb exposure to slaughter and concentration of Pb in blood, liver, and skeletal muscles. Exposure to Pb did not significantly alter cbc values. On the basis of progesterone analysis and ovarian examination, exposure to Pb and treatment for plumbism did not induce changes in the ovarian cycle.

Effect of diet and stress on the thiamin and pyramin excretion of normal young men maintained on controlled intakes of thiamin

Thiamin excretion of young men adapts rapidly (t 1/2 = 1 day) to increases or decreases in thiamin intake, but is independent of the amount of carbohydrate (38–80% of energy), protein (75–200g), riboflavin (2.5–3.5 mg), water (2-fold range), and energy (in range 3200–4700 kcal/day) present in the diet. The thiamin RDA should be expressed in terms of mg/day rather than in terms of mg of thiamin per 1000 kcal of total energy or carbohydrate energy in the diet. Most stresses had little or no effect on thiamin excretion. Pyramin excretion was strongly influenced by dietary pyrimidines.

TISSUE THIAMIN LEVELS OF HOSPITALISED ALCOHOLICS BEFORE AND AFTER ORAL OR PARENTERAL VITAMINS

A new high performance liquid chromatographic method has been used to measure erythrocyte levels of the physiologically active form of thiamin, thiamin diphosphate (ETDP), in 25 alcoholics admitted to hospital for detoxification and rehabilitation. Measurements were made before, during and after multivitamin supplementation, either orally or parenterally, on a controlled basis. Before treatment, only one case of thiamin deficiency was detected. Within 24 hr of receiving 250 mg of thiamin both treated groups showed an increase in their mean ETDP levels, though only that of the parenterally treated group was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than the pre-treatment mean. However, after 250 mg thiamin daily for 5 days, both treated groups showed a significant (P less than 0.05) and almost identical increase in their mean ETDP levels (90 nmol/l. and 91 nmol/l. for the oral and parenteral routes respectively). The results suggest that except for alcoholics requiring thiamin urgently, for whom the parenteral route is demonstrably quicker at raising tissue levels, oral supplementation achieves the same result as parenteral.

Thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid levels in infant formulas manufactured in the United States

Seventy-six milk- and soy-based infant formula samples from four manufacturers were assayed for thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid. Mean vitamin levels per 100 kcal in milk formulas were 162.7 jug of thiamine, 261.0 μg of riboflavin, and 15.3 mg of ascorbic acid. Means for soy formulas were 145.0 μg of thiamine, 106.7 μ of riboflavin, and 15.3 mg of ascorbic acid. All met the requirements of the 1980 Infant Formula Act. Three formulas contained thiamine levels lower than the label declarations and two formulas contained less riboflavin than the declared amount. All ascorbic acid levels were above the declared amounts. Significant differences were found in the vitamin levels in formulas produced by different manufacturers. For a 6-kg infant, approximately 1 liter of formula would provide the recommended energy intake of 690 kcal and would provide thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid in amounts well above the RDA for each vitamin.

The influence of hepatic insufficiency due to alcoholic cirrhosis on the erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA).

The erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA), the stimulated erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKAS), and the thiaminepyrophosphate effect (TPPE) were measured in 21 alcoholic patients with cirrhosis and hepatic insufficiency, 13 alcoholic patients without cirrhosis and 21 non-alcoholic persons before and after oral treatment with 100 mg of thiamine daily for 2 weeks in order to investigate the influence of hepatic insufficiency on these variables. A statistically significant rise in ETKA and fall in TPPE were found in all three groups. ETKA, ETKAS and TPPE did not differ from each other in alcoholic patients with and without cirrhosis, but TPPE was significantly higher in these patients than in the non-alcoholic persons. The conclusions are that severe cirrhosis does not affect the erythrocyte transketolase apoenzyme, the ability of the tissues to convert thiamine to thiaminepyrophosphate for use in the erythrocytes or the absorption of thiamine from the gastrointestinal tract. Besides alcoholism seems to dispose to thiamine deficiency to a higher degree than cirrhosis, and the role of the liver as a thiamine store appears to be of minor importance in the development of thiamine deficiency. Finally, ETKA, ETKAS, and TPPE are considered to be usable as thiamine deficiency indicators in patients with cirrhosis as well as in patients without cirrhosis.

The relationship between blood thiamine levels and dietary thiamine content in diabetic outpatients and healthy subjects.

Forty-six diabetic outpatients consumed (1,533 +/- 308 kcal (mean +/- SD) per day, 205 +/- 42 g of carbohydrates, 73 +/- 18 g of protein, 49 +/- 18 g of fat, and 0.05 +/- 0.34 mg of thiamine. No significant correlation was found in 46 diabetic between blood thiamine level and the intake of dietary energy, carbohydrate or thiamine. In 13 healthy subjects given prepared diets, a significant correlation was found between blood thiamine level and dietary thiamine content, thiamine content per 1,000 kcal, and 24-h urinary thiamine amount divided by urinary creatinine. When 9 healthy subjects (6 males, 3 females) consumed 1,600 kcal with 0.6 mg of thiamine for two days, their blood thiamine level was 47 +/- 29.1 ng/ml before and 29.7 +/- 7.1 ng/ml after eating the diet, showing low blood thiamine levels due to the low content of dietary thiamine. When 5 or 6 healthy female subjects consumed 1,400 kcal with 1.6 mg of thiamine or 2,000 kcal with 1.9 mg of thiamine for two days, their blood thiamine level was 45.3 +/- 4.8 ng/ml or 57.7 +/- 8.4 ng/ml before and 51.5 +/- 11.7 ng/ml or 56.4 +/- 11.7 ng/ml after eating the diets, respectively. In both diabetic outpatients and healthy subjects, a significant positive correlation was found between blood thiamine levels and dietary thiamine concentrations per 1,000 kcal, and a significant positive correlation was also found between erythrocyte transketolase activity and dietary thiamine content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

マーケットバスケット方式による日本人の８種ビタミン，９種アミノ酸，３種ミネラルの１日摂取量の推定

According to the market basket studies proposed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the given kinds of foodstuffs were purchased on October, 1984, from the selected foodshops at the nine points of Sapporo, Sendai, Tokyo, Kofu, Nagano, Osaka, Wakayama, Matsue, and Kitakyusyu and the foodstuffs collected were classified into eight groups. Each group was analyzed with reference to the 20 kinds of food additives. Each analytical value in the present work was represented as the sum of the amount of the components added to the foodstuffs artificially and the components included in the foodstuffs naturally as elements. The intake of each foodadditive per capita per day was follows; 0.074mg of retinol, 0.36mg of thiamine, 0.43mg of riboflavin, 16.5mg of ascorbic acid, 1.48mg of nicotinic acid, 0.65mg of nicotinamide, 2.82mg of pantothenate, 14.98mg of total tocopherol, 166.6mg of threonine, 344.1mg of alanine, 230.9mg of valine, 80.6mg of methionine, 187.6mg of isoleusine, 247.8mg of phenylalanine, 260.3mg of lysine, 145.5mg of histidine, 285.1mg of arginine, 5.69 mg of iron, 147.0mg of magnesium and 3.41mg of alminium.

Effects of Level of Dietary Glutamic Acid and Thiamin on Food Intake, Weight Gain, Plasma Amino Acids, and Thiamin Status of Growing Kittens

Specific pathogen-free kittens were individually fed purified amino acid diets containing 4.4 mg of thiamin and 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 9.0 or 12.0% glutamic acid (Glu) in a balanced 5 × 5 latin square design. Kittens fed either the 9.0% followed by the 12.0% glutamate diets or vice versa developed severe clinical signs of thiamin deficiency and two kittens died. Other affected kittens given 5 mg additional thiamin per day for 3 days promptly recovered. In a subsequent experiment, the effect of a diet containing 12.0% glutamic acid with either 4.4 or 25.0 mg thiamin per kilogram diet was compared with a diet containing 3.0% glutamic acid with either 0.0 or 4.4 mg thiamin per kilogram. Kittens fed the diet containing the high level of glutamic acid with 4.4 mg thiamin exhibited depressed food intake and body weight gain and an elevated level of plasma glutamic acid compared to diets containing 3.0% glutamic acid. Red blood cells from this group of kittens also showed a transitory incomplete saturation of transketolase with thiamin pyrophosphate. Kittens fed the high glutamate diets vomited occasionally during the 1st month of the dietary regimen. Although increased thiamin (25 mg/kg diet) decreased the severity of the adverse effects of the high glutamate diet, maximal growth was not obtained in kittens fed the high glutamate, high thiamin diet.glutamic acid thiamin deficiency cats

Cedecea davisae gen. nov., sp. nov. and Cedecea lapagei sp. nov., New Enterobacteriaceae from Clinical Specimens

We propose the name Cedecea gen. nov. for a group of organisms in the Enterobacteriaceae that were isolated from clinical sources in North America (the clinical significance of these organisms is unknown). This name was coined by two of us (P.A.D.G. and F.G.) from the letters CDC, the abbreviation for the Centers for Disease Control, where the organisms were originally discovered. Phenotypically, Cedecea resembles no other group of Enterobacteriaceae; the members of this genus are lipase positive, resistant to colistin and cephalothin, and negative for deoxyribonuclease, gelatin liquefaction, and utilization of Larabinose and L-rhamnose. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness studies showed that Cedecea strains were 32 to 100% related to each other and less than 23% related to other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. We found five deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization groups among 17 Cedecea strains, but three of these groups contained only 1 strain (strains 001, 002, and 012). Two deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization groups were named. Cedecea davisae sp. nov. (nine strains), the type species of the genus, fermented sucrose and D-xylose and was positive in the ornithine decarboxylase and ascorbate tests. C. davisae grew in a mineral salts medium with glucose as the carbon source only if the medium was supplemented with 0.1 μg of thiamine per ml. The type strain of C. davisae is strain 005 (= ATCC 33431 = CDC 3278–77 = CIP 80.34) Cedecea lapagei sp. nov. (five strains) did not ferment sucrose and D-xylose and was negative in the ornithine decarboxylase and ascorbate tests. This species grew on glucose as the role source of carbon and energy with no growth factor requirement. The type strain of C. lapagei is strain 004 (= ATCC 33432 = CDC 0485–76 = CIP 80.35). Within species, deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness was 80 to 100% at 60°C (Si nuclease method), and C. davisae and C. lapagei were much more closely related to each other (32 to 52%) than to members of any other group within the family Enterobacteriaceae (1 to 21%).

Cardiac Failure in Beriberi

Sir .—I note that in LETTERS TO THE EDITOR (Journal1980;134:1098-1099), Anteski questions the recommendations of Moran and Greene for the management of thiamin deficiency-related cardiac failure, in which they suggest thiamin as the major therapy for cardiac failure in beriberi. Many years ago, 1 I observed a neonate with congenital beriberi with all the classic signs of cyanosis, grossly enlarged heart, convulsions, and aphonia. Following administration of oxygen and a total of 100 mg of thiamin over an eight-hour period, a most dramatic change occurred: the cyanosis cleared and the convulsions ceased. Within 72 hours the cardiac size had became normal, and the tachycardia was eliminated. I am quite in accord with the recommendation of Moran and Greene that thiamin is the prime therapy for cardiac failure associated with beriberi.

Influence of dietary thiamine on pulmonary, renal, and hepatic drug metabolism in the mouse.

The effect of dietary thiamine status on the in vitro metabolism of drugs in mouse lung, kidney, and liver was investigated. Administration of a diet deficient in thiamine resulted in a tendency toward an elevated hepatic and pulmonary microsomal content of cytochrome P-450 and elevated activities of aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase compared to those in similar mice fed 5 or 20 mg of thiamine per kilogram of diet. There was also a tendency for renal drug metabolism to be inversely related to dietary thiamine status. The effect of dietary thiamine on the induction of drug metabolism by phenobarbital in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues was also studied. In general, there was little to no difference in the percent induction as a function of thiamine status. These studies suggest that dietary thiamine is an important determinate in drug metabolism, and the metabolism varies with different tissues.

Thiamin requirement of the adult human

Young adult male subjects maintained on a metabolic ward were fed diets providing controlled intakes of thiamin and either 2800 or 3600 kcal. The higher level of calories was attained by an increased intake of carbohydrates. Constant weights were maintained by the subjects by adjusting daily activity and exercise schedules. Thiamin requirements were evaluated in terms of erythrocyte transketolase activity and urinary excretion of the vitamin. The results of the study revealed that a relationship exists between thiamin requirement and caloric intake and expenditure. Thus, when the calories being utilized were derived primarily from carbohydrate sources, the minimum adult male requirement for thiamin appeared to be 0.30 mg of thiamin per 1000 kcal. Urinary excretion of thiamin and erythrocyte transketolase activity appear to be reasonably reliable reflections of thiamin intakes and thiamin nutritional status. The use of these measurements in nutrition surveys appears justified. The microbiological assay (Lactobacillus viridescens) for measuring thiamin levels in urine samples appears to be a somewhat more sensitive but valid procedure as an alternate for the thiochrome method. Judged from the results of this study, the recommended intake for the adult human of 0.40 mg of thiamin per 1000 kcal by FAO/WHO and the recommended allowance of 0.5 mg per 1000 kcal by the Food and Nutrition Board of the NAS-NRC appear reasonable and amply allow for biological variations and other factors that may influence the requirement for this vitamin.

Thiamine requirement of young ruminants

SummaryThe possibility of a sub-clinical state of thiamine deficiency in young cattle and sheep is discussed. A trial was carried out on six MAFF experimental husbandry farms in which groups of animals were given 100 mg of thiamine per day orally throughout the rearing period. Measurement of erythrocyte transketolase showed that the dosed group gave a significantly lower percentage thiamine pyrophosphate effect than the control group. There was no difference in weight gain of the two groups during the limited period of the trial.

A case of classical maple syrup urine disease "thiamine non-responsive".

Leukocytes and skin fibroblasts from a patient with classical maple syrup urine disease (M.S.U.D.) contained virtually no branched‐chain keto acid decarboxylase activity. Those of his parents had approximately 50 % of normal activity, and those of his sister had normal activity.The patient was treated from the second week of life with a “synthetic diet”. At the age of 2 months, when the patient was completely free of symptoms, 20 mg of thiamine three times daily was given orally. On the second day of treatment, he was challenged with cow's milk. Within 12 hours he became irritable; within 24 hours he refused feeding and his urine had the characteristic odor of M.S.U.D. The symptoms became more marked with progressive increase of plasma branched‐chain amino acids.This classical M.S.U.D., like the intermediate type, did not respond to thiamine Iherapy.

Effects of feeding of improved rice diet on rats.

Experiment was conducted to study the effects of improved rice diet on growth, kidney and blood pressure, by increasing protein and vitamin B and decreasing sodium chloride in diet. Young rats were divided into 4 groups and given the following 4 kinds of diet, respectively. Diet for group 1 consisted of 5% congealed soybean curd and 2.5% NaCl; for group 2, 5% congealed soybean curd and 1% NaCl; for group 3, 15% congealed soybean curd, 1% NaCl and 5% beer yeast; and for group 4, 30% dry skim milk. All diets were made to 100% with washed dried milled rice. Per 100g of diets 0.1mg of thiamine and 500 IU of vitamin A were added. In early part of the experiment, rats in groups 1 and 2 exhibited a sign of deficiency of pantothenic acid and riboflavin. At autopsy, rats fed soybean curd were found to have enlarged thyroids, indicating the deficiency of iodine. Severity of glomerulonephritis and tubular nephritis were greatest in animals of group 1 and were less in those of group 2, while almost normal in those of groups 3 and 4. From the data presented in this paper it is clear that the improvement of rice diet should be directedfor increasing protein and vitamin contents together with supplementation of iodine and for decreasing sodium chloride.

Application of the slope ratio assay technique to the estimation of thiamine activity of thiamine analogues

Experiments were conducted to determine the antithiamine activity of two thiamine antagonists, dimethialium (3-[2-methyl-4-amino-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl]-4, 5-dimethyl thiazolium nitrate) and amprolium (1-[(4-amino-2-n-propyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl]-2-picolinium chloride hydrochloride) by symmetrical 5-point slope ratio assay. Thiamine activity of vitamine supplement for formula feed stored at two different temperature were also determind by 3-point slope ratio assay.After two preliminary experiments, corn-soy type diet with 5mg of thiamine•HNO3 and either 1.2g of dimethialium or 3g of amprolium per kg of diet was found to be satisfactory for the basal diet. Either growth rate or feed efficiency (gain/feed) of 10-day-old White Leghorn male chick was depressed linearly by increasing dietary levels of dimethialium up to 2.0g/kg and of amprolium up to 5.0g/kg or by decreasing dietary levels of thiamine•HNO3 to 3mg/kg of the basal diet. The linear relation ship was observed already after 7 days on the test diets. On the most deficient diet, some of the 10-day-old chicks showed slight deficiency symptoms of thiamine after 14 days, so that the experimental period was decided to be 10 to 14 days.Combined variance analysis of two 5-point slope ratio assays on dimethialium revealed that 179mg of dimethialium counterbalanced to 1mg of thiamine•HNO3 on growth rate of chicks with 95% fiducial interval between 253 to 105mg.Combined variance analysis of two 5-point slope ratio assays on amprolium revealed that 666mg of amprolium counterbalanced to 1mg of thiamine•HNO3 on growth rate of chicks with 95% fiducial interval between 848 to 484mg. Antithiamine activity of dimethialium was 3.7 times as high as that of amprolium.No significant difference of thiamine activity was observed by 3-point slope ratio assay between vitamine supplement stored at -4°C and 30°C for 5 months. The activity corresponding to 1.47 and 1.45mg of thiamine per g of supplement, respectively.

Thiamine-induced formation of the monopyrrole moiety of prodigiosin.

Thiamine stimulates the production of a red pigment, which is chromatographically and spectrophotometrically identical to prodigiosin, by growing cultures of Serratia marcescens mutant 9-3-3. This mutant is blocked in the formation of 2-methyl-3-amylpyrrole (MAP), the monopyrrole moiety of prodigiosin, but accumulates 4-methoxy-2,2,'-bipyrrole-5-carboxaldehyde (MBC) and can couple this compound with MAP to form prodigiosin. Addition of thiamine caused production of MAP, and as little as 0.02 mg of thiamine per ml in a peptone-glycerol medium stimulated production of measurable amounts of prodigiosin. Phosphate salts and another type of peptone decreased the thiamine-induced formation of prodigiosin; yeast extract and glycerol enhanced the formation of this substance. Thiamine also enhanced production of prodigiosin by wild-type strain Nima of S. marcescens. The thiamine antagonists, oxythiamine and pyrithiamine, inhibited thiamine-induced production of MAP and of prodigiosin by the mutant strain 9-3-3, formation of prodigiosin by the wild-type strain Nima, and production of MAP by another mutant, strain WF. The pyrimidine moiety of thiamine was only 10% as effective as the vitamin; the thiazole moiety, only 4%; and the two moieties together, 25%. Various other vitamins tested did not stimulate formation of prodigiosin by strain 9-3-3. Thiamine did not stimulate production of prodigiosin by a single-step mutant that showed the same phenotypic block in prodigiosin biosynthesis as strain 9-3-3. This is not surprising since strain 9-3-3 originated as a result of two mutational events. One event may involve thiamine directly, and the other may involve the biosynthesis of MAP. Thiamine is probably involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of MAP, because the vitamin or inhibitory antagonists must be added during the early phases of growth in order to be effective.

An Electromicroscopic Study of the Thiamine-Deficient Rat Heart.

s1 May 1966An Electromicroscopic Study of the Thiamine-Deficient Rat Heart.F. Eugene Tubbs, M.D., Yoshiharu Sako, M.D., Lamar E. Crevasse, M.D. (Associate)F. Eugene Tubbs, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Yoshiharu Sako, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Lamar E. Crevasse, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1154_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThiamine-deficient hearts have been demonstrated by light microscopy to show interstitial edema with hydropic and fatty degeneration of the myocardial fibers. This report is the first ultrastructure study of thiamine-deficient cardiac muscle. Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Controls were fed a standard balanced diet containing 2.2 mg of thiamine 100 g of diet. The other group received the same diet, without thiamine. The thiamine-deficient group rapidly developed beri-beri, manifest by weakness, weight loss, epilation and labored respirations. They were given 5 µg of thiamine occasionally to maintain life and induce a chronic deficient state. After... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: F. Eugene Tubbs, M.D.; Yoshiharu Sako, M.D.; Lamar E. Crevasse, M.D. (Associate)Affiliations: Gainesville, Florida PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1154-1154KeywordsCardiac musclesDietEdemaHeartLight microscopyLongitudinal studiesRespirationThiamineWeight loss ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...