Mg Kg-1 For Mn Research Articles

United States Grown and Imported Rice on Sale in Las Vegas: Metal(loid)s Composition and Geographic Origin Discrimination.

Concentrations of metal(loid)s, Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Sr, V and Zn, were determined in rice on sale in Las Vegas. The rice samples were grown in five different countries, the USA, Thailand, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The elemental concentrations in rice grain were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following hot block-assisted digestion. The accuracy of the laboratory procedure was verified by the analysis of rice flour standard reference material (NIST SRM 1568b). The mean metal(loid) contents in rice of various geographic origins were 3.18-5.91 mg kg-1 for Al, 0.05-0.12 mg kg-1 for As, 3.64-41 μg kg-1 for Cd, 5.11-12 μg kg-1 for Co, 0.12-0.14 mg kg-1 for Cr, 1.5-1.91 mg kg-1 for Cu, 3.04-4.98 mg kg-1 for Fe, 4.2-10.4 mg kg-1 for Mn, 0.21-0.41 mg kg-1 for Ni, 0.02-0.07 mg kg-1 for Se, 0.68-0.88 mg kg-1 for Sr, 3.64-5.26 μg kg-1 for V, and 16.6-19.9 mg kg-1 for Zn. respectively. The mean concentration of As in US rice was significantly higher than in Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi rice. On the other hand, it was found a significantly low mean level of Cd in US-grown rice. It was also found that the concentrations of metal(loid)s in black and brown rice on sale in Las Vegas were statistically similar, except for Mn and Se. The geographic origin traceability of rice grain involved the use of ICP-MS analysis coupled with chemometrics that allowed their differentiation based on the rice metal(loid) profile, thus confirming their origins. Data were processed by linear discriminant analysis, and US and Thai rice samples were cross-validated with higher accuracy (100%). This authentication quickly discriminates US rice from the other regions and adds verifiable food safety measures for consumers.

Determination of Some Elements in Canned and Frozen Vegetables sold in Balıkesir (Türkiye) Markets and Nutritional Assessment

In this work, determination of some elements including Pb, Ni, Ba, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, Al, Cu, Mo, Ca, B, Cr, Cd, V and Co were carried out in some canned and frozen vegetable samples sold in Balıkesir, Türkiye. The study covered randomly chosen 13 canned and frozen samples such as green peas, okra, shell bean, sweet corn, green beans, garniture and tomato paste. Mineralization of the samples was achieved using microwave assisted wet digestion in closed vessels. The element contents were determined using ICP OES. The element contents were between 0.16-1.86 mg kg-1 for Ni; 0.33-5.02 mg kg-1 for Ba; 4.20-32.22 mg kg-1 for Fe; 1.65-14.64 mg kg-1 for Zn; 124.83-1016.79 mg kg-1 for Mg; 0.87-4.99 mg kg-1 for Mn; 0.32-1.74 mg kg-1 for Al; 0.78-14.97 mg kg-1 for Cu; 0.38-4.24 mg kg-1 for Mo; 42.60-1607.40 mg kg-1 for Ca and 0.96-7.56 mg kg-1 for B. Additionally, Pb was determined in only frozen green peas as 1.3±0.1 mg kg-1. In general, the highest element contents were found in frozen samples. In terms of nutritional assessment, estimated daily intakes of the elements were compared with recommended dietary allowances (RDA), nutrition reference values (TFC) and daily tolerable upper intake levels (UL) which were established by World Health Organization, Turkish Food Codex and Institute of Medicine, respectively. The results showed that the element contents of the analysed samples did not exceeded the permissible limits set by various health organizations. It is concluded that the contamination of these products may be an important threatening for public health. Therefore, monitoring of these samples should be a vital strategy for food industry.

Genetic diversity for mineral element in seeds of Turkish oat landraces

Oat grain is an important cereal in the human diet and as an animal feed. It is cultivated in many regions of the world. This study was carried out to determine the variability in the element content of these oat gene sources collected from the West and Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. Two hundred and fifty-six oat genotypes were examined under this study. The mean of mineral elements in landraces and commercial cultivars were 40.39 g kg-1 and 36.16 g kg-1 for K, 23.90 g kg-1 and 28.51 g kg-1 for P, 12.47 g kg-1 and 10.99 g kg-1 for Mg, 10.92 g kg-1 and 10.96 g kg-1 for Ca, 2.58 g kg-1 and 2.36 g kg-1 for Na, 54.70 mg kg-1 and 53.02 mg kg-1 for Fe, 32.08 mg kg-1 and 23.51 mg kg-1 for Mn, 25.39 mg kg-1 and 24.05 mg kg-1 for Zn and 8.26 mg kg-1 and 8.07 mg kg-1 for Cu, respectively. The ranges of mineral elements in the landraces were significantly higher than those in the commercial cultivars. The contributions of the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) to the total variation were 43.0% and 15.6%, respectively. These results indicate that examined oat landraces can provide a good source of diversity in mineral elements concentration and could be successfully used in biofortification programs.

Carbon and nitrogen stabile isotope ratio and heavy metals in Leccinum aurantiacum in a hybrid aspen plantation in agricultural land

Edible mycorrhizal fungi can be harvested in the fourth year after establishment of a hybrid aspen plantation in previous agricultural land at hemiboreal conditions. It is important to understand the role of fungi in element cycling at the ecosystem level as well as the amounts of elements, including heavy metals, that are accumulated in fruitbodies of edible fungi in the context of food safety. Therefore we evaluated the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio and content of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn) in Leccinum aurantiacum (Bull.) Gray in a juvenile hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. × Populus tremula L.) plantation in agricultural land initially fertilised with biogas production residues (digestate), sewage sludge and wood ash, which are potential sources of pollution of heavy metals. The research site was established in the spring of 2011, but the natural occurrence of fruitbodies of L. aurantiacum was observed in 2014. The mean isotopic data for fruitbodies of L. aurantiacum, collected in the 2014–2018 monitoring period, ranged between -27.4 and -24.5‰ for δ13C and between 7.8 and 10.1‰ for δ15N. The mean content of investigated heavy metals in fruitbodies of L. aurantiacum were up to 129 mg kg-1 for Zn, up to 99 mg kg-1 for Cu, up to 30 mg kg-1 for Mn, up to 1.5 mg kg-1 for Ni, up to 1.7 mg kg-1 for Cd, up to 1.1 mg kg-1 for Cr and up to 0.6 mg kg-1 for Pb. We concluded that the application of digestate, sewage sludge and wood ash as fertilisers to improve soil quality in hybrid aspen plantations in agricultural land did not result in increased heavy metal accumulation in fruitbodies of L. aurantiacum, but N isotopic compositions were altered (15N-enriched) for a period of up to five years after application of the organic fertilizers (digestate and sewage sludge). 
 
 Keywords: agricultural land, hybrid aspen, Leccinum aurantiacum (Bull.) Gray, heavy metals, stable isotope ratio

Contamination of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in <i>Katsuwonus pelamis</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) from Karachi Fish Harbor and Potential Risks to Human Health

In the present study, skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) from the Karachi coast between 2006 and 2011 were chosen and analyzed for the Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels in the edible dorsal tissues, livers, kidney, gills and gonads. The liver tissues had the highest concentrations of metals (623±103 mg kg-1 for Fe, 49±13 mg kg-1 for Mn, 67±17 mg kg-1 for Cu and 68±21 mg kg-1 for Zn). The muscle maximum concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were 46±17, 6±2, 7±2 and 7±2 mg kg-1, respectively. The results revealed that Fe concentrations were higher than those of other metals. The values obtained were compared with the international regulation maximal allowable standards in seafood. The current work attested that calculated diurnal and hebdomadal intakes of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels by way of consumption of skipjack tuna were not in excess of the Permissible Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) and Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) values established by FAO/WHO. In conclusion, K. pelamis appears to be useful bioindicator due to their accumulation of the metals and continued sampling and pollution effects on food chain organisms comparatively are required for further investigations.

Determination of some heavy metals in selected cosmetic products sold in kano metropolis, Nigeria.

The study was aimed at assessing the levels of some toxic metals in different cosmetic products sold at different shopping malls and markets in Kano Metropolis. The cosmetic items included ten face powder, ten skin lightening creams and ten lipsticks of various prices. The cosmetics were digested and analyzed for heavy metals (manganese, nickel, copper, cadmium, chromium and lead) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The range of the concentrations in skin lightening creams is 4.90–24.51, 3.68–11.03, 4.24–8.48, 0.14–1.32, 0–0.05 and 0.05–0.14 mg kg−1 for Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb respectively. The range in face powders are 4.90–44.12, 3.68–11.03, 4.24–8.48, 0.07–1.74, 0–0.03 and 0.08–0.33 mg kg−1 for Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb respectively. The concentration ranges in lipsticks are 2.45–22.06, 0–11.03, 4.24–12.71, 0.07–1.67, 0–0.05 and 0–0.19 mg kg−1 for Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb respectively. T test showed no statistical significant difference in concentrations of metals between the expensive and cheap cosmetic products. It is obvious from the present study that the use of these cosmetic products exposes users to low concentrations of toxic heavy metals which could constitute potential health risk to users since they are known to accumulate in biological systems over time. Similarly, regular monitoring of other heavy metals and chemicals used in the manufacture of cosmetics products which may cause health risks to users should be emphasized.

Levels and sources of potassium, calcium, sulfur, iron and manganese in major paddy soils of the Philippines

Nutrient levels in rice areas can be translated to the soils’ capacity to supply the essential elements for rice, while information about nutrient sources can be used to formulate management options to areas deficient or toxic in nutrients. This study was then conducted to assess the potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) levels in the Philippines’ major rice areas. The study also determined the contributions of soil properties, land uses, irrigation water, and farm practices to the nutrient levels. Strategic collection of soil and plant samples, laboratory analyses of samples, and farmer interviews were done. Potassium concentrations of rice plants in La Paz (Tarlac) and Sta. Rosa City (Laguna) exceeded the toxic concentration of 3%. These K concentrations can be due to the increase of the nutrient’s availability owing to the neutral soil pH levels in the two sites. The highest total Ca levels were found in the Polangui (Albay), La Paz, and Villasis (Pangasinan) soils. These Ca levels can be ascribed to the occurrence of Ca in sand and silt-sized soil fractions. Total Fe and Mn concentrations were very high in the Sta. Cruz (Zambales) soil due to the input of mine wastes. The San Leonardo (Nueva Ecija) soil’s high total Fe concentration is probably due to the occurrence of Fe in clay-sized soil fractions. Iron and Mn levels of rice in most Central Luzon sites exceeded the toxic concentrations of 1000 mg kg-1 for Fe and 300 mg kg-1 for Mn. These concentrations can be due to the high total soil Fe and Mn levels, and their increased plant uptake due to periodic soil submergence and increased soil acidity from continuous cropping. The study implies that K, Ca, Fe and Mn are enriched in rice areas due to soil properties and farm practices. Keywords—potassium, calcium, sulfur, iron, manganese, paddy soils

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils around Cassava Processing Mills in Sub- Urban Areas of Delta State, Southern Nigeria

The concentrations, contamination/pollution index, anthropogenic input and enrichment factors for metals in soil in the vicinity of cassava processing mills in sub-urban areas of Delta State of Nigeria were examined. The concentrations of metals in all sites and depths ranged from 0.1 to 383.2 mg kg-1 for Mn, 4.0 to 11.3 mg kg-1 for Ni, 1746.4 to 2839.6 mg kg-1 for Fe, 0.01 to 3.70 mg kg-1 for Cr, 3.7 to 29.5 mg kg-1 for Cu, 21.9 to 97.3 mg kg-1 for Zn, 0.01 to 1.60 mg kg-1 for Cd and <0.01 to <0.01 mg kg-1 for Pb. The concentrations of metals at these sites were below the Department of Petroleum Resources target values for metals in soils except for Cd in some sites. A significant fraction of these metals aroses from anthropogenic sources. The percent anthropogenic fraction of metals in the soil follow the order Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu > Fe > Cr > Pb.Keywords: Anthropogenic input, cassava, heavy metals, pollution index