Uptake Of Methylene Blue Dye Research Articles

Cellulose based adsorbent for cationic methylene blue dye removal

New chemically amended (sodium periodate cellulose nanoparticle (NaIO4-CNP) adsorbent material was synthesized from dried fibers of cotton. The synthesized NaIO4-CNP adsorbent material was characterized for functional groups, crystallite size, surface morphology, morphological structure, and particle size) by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), instruments, respectively. Then it was investigated to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye from textile secondary runoff wastewater (SERWW). The physicochemical properties of textile SERWW including organic matter (OM) and inorganic nutrients on the removal capabilities of MB dye was investigated. The adsorption mechanism study was shown that Freundlich isotherm fitted with a maximum removal capability (qmax) of 62.91 mg g−1. The elimination kinetic mechanism fits well to pseudo-second-order and its data recommended the materials (NaIO4-CNP) are effective for wastewater treatment. The MB dye uptake capacities were influenced by the presence of positively charged ions. The NaIO4-CNP adsorbent indicated excellent reproducibility considered as capable adsorption resources to eliminate MB dye from textile SERWW.

Thiazolyl-linked conjugated microporous polymers for enhancement adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes from water

Organic dyes and pigments are common examples of pollutants that have been drained to water resources. Subsequently, chemists searched for novel and efficient adsorbents for treatment of sewage water from coloring compounds. Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), which displayed high Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area and porous morphology, beside other unique merits, solve this challenging situation by consuming dye molecules into their large and permanent pores, and degrading them in the presence of light. In this paper, we adopt a designed synthesis of new thiazolyl-linked CMPs containing bicarbazole, bifluorenylidene, and biphenylethene building blocks, namely: BC-TT, BF-TT, and BIPE-TT CMPs, respectively. All the common characterizations including chemical, physical, and photophysical were conducted for the as-synthesized CMPs. In addition to their significant surface areas that reach 522 m2/g and maximum pore volumes (up to 0.50 cm3/g), they possessed good thermal stabilities with the highest values (degradation temperature = 460 °C; char yield = 67 wt%). Furthermore, the produced polymers have been proven to have adsorption capability as well as photocatalytic degradation for both Rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) dyes. BC-TT CMP exhibited the highest adsorption efficiency among others toward the RhB dye with a capacity of 228.83 mg/g, as well as the maximum performance for MB dye uptake (up to 232.02 mg/g). After measuring the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using these CMPs, BC-TT-CMP also showed the top value of catalytic efficiency at all, either for RhB (rate constant: 2.5 × 10−2 min−1) or MB dye (rate constant: 3.5 × 10−2 min−1).

Response Surface Modelling of Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Seaweed, Coconut Shell and Oak Wood Hydrochars

Adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution onto hydrochars produced from brown seaweed (Fucus Serratus) (FS-HC), coconut shell (CS-HC), and oak wood (Oak-HC) at different temperatures (200–250 °C) was investigated in a batch system. Response surface modelling (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of initial MB concentration (50–300 mg/L), contact time (0–240 min), and solution pH (2–12) on the adsorption process. RSM was also used to model and optimise these parameters for efficient adsorption. Kinetic and isotherms studies were carried out to study the adsorption mechanism onto the hydrochars. It was found that the best adsorbent from the RSM model was FS-HC200, and the optimal conditions for greater MB dye uptake were lower initial MB concentration (50 mg/L), pH 6 and contact time of 84 min; removing >99% of MB. Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models fitted the adsorption of MB onto hydrochars prepared at 200 and 250 °C. Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson isotherms were suitable for hydrochars produced at 220 °C. FS-HCs have the highest maximum adsorption capacity of MB of about (8.60–28.57) mg/g calculated from the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption process for all the hydrochars followed a pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.96–1.00), and film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion were the rate-determining steps. Therefore, this work identifies cheap adsorbents from biowaste that are effective for the removal of cationic pollutants from wastewater.

Implementation of microplastics derived from waste plastic for uptake of MB dye: Performance and LCA study

In modern time, the accumulation of waste plastic has become serious health concern for the aquatic life as well as life on land. In present study, the attempt has been made for preparation of microplastics derived from waste plastic. The maintained condition for preparation of microplastics was attempted to made same as that of seawater and freshwater to simulate real condition. Furthermore, the prepared microplastics were utilized for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from synthetic wastewater. The waste plastic utilized for the preparation of microplastics was of the types polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. The aging conditions for microplastics preparation were: (i) Ultraviolet (UV) light + seawater, (ii) darkness + seawater, (iii) UV light + hydrogen peroxide, and (iv) hydrogen peroxide + darkness. Besides, the uptake of MB onto the surface of microplastics was studied for three variables (i.e., pH, temperature, salinity). Under these variables, the percent adsorption and adsorption capacity for removal of MB dye was found to be in the range of 91–95 % and ~11.5 mg/g, respectively. Besides, the economic evaluation and life cycle assessment (LCA) study strongly supports the feasible and environment friendly preparation of microplastics and its utilization as adsorbing material for MB removal.

Water purification using an eco-friendly adsorbent

AbstractThe literature has proved the high efficiency of activated carbon in removing a wide range of pollutants from water; however, the high cost of industrial types of activated carbon is one of the barriers to the wide application of this efficient adsorbent. Therefore, this study aims at the development of a new type of activated carbon from the Schanginia/sp plant (Schanginia activated carbon (SAC)) and the possibility of using it as a biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye (MBD) from water. The SAC was subjected to characterisation analysis, including the surface area (SBET), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) before using it to remove the MBD. Furthermore, the efficacy of SAC was investigated in batch experiments, taking into account the effects of several experimental factors, namely pH of the solution, contact duration, SAC dose, and MBD concentration. The results showed the maximum uptake of MBD was 33.34 mg/g, and the Langmuir model is suitable to reproduce the optimum biosorption. In conclusion, the obtained results proved the applicability of SAC for the removal of MBD from water.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of xanthan gum/ZnO hydrogel nanocomposite for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution

Herein, xanthan gum grafted poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid)/zinc oxide (XG-cl-p(AA-co-IC)/ZnO) hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared ultrasonically and employed for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from water through batch experiments. The structure and morphology of the synthesized material were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The mechanical properties were studied by DMA and the swelling ability was measured gravimetrically in aqueous solution. The adsorption processes were consistent with the Freundlich isothermal model. The maximum adsorption capacity for the prepared hydrogel nanocomposite was found to be 212.8 mg/g. Compared with hydrogel, the synthesized hydrogel nanocomposite had a 14.6% improvement for MB dye uptake with remarkable enhanced swelling capacity. These findings demonstrated that ZnO nanoparticles influenced the hydrogel polymer matrix.

Use of Cordia myxa seed biomass as biosorbent for methylene blue dye removal from wastewater

Management of agriculture and horticulture waste biomass are of great concern in achieving circular economy and sustainable development goals. Use of plant biomass in sorption and biosorption is being explored for wastewater remediation cum agricultural and horticultural solid waste management. This study presents the use of the seeds of lasura/lasoda (Cordia myxa) as biosorbent for azo dye Methylene Blue (MB) from wastewater. The proximate and ultimate characterization of Cordia myxa seed powder (CMSP) was carried out for the bulk and surface characterization. Batch biosorption experiments were performed changing the range of parameters i.e. initial concentration of MB (C0), and contact time (t) at room temperature. In order to know the nature and behaviour of biosorption process, equilibrium isotherms and kinetics were deciphered by employing commonly used models i.e. Langmuir, Freundlich, PFO (pseudo first order) and PSO (pseudo second order). The maximum MB dye uptake capacity of CMSP was determined as 21.93 mg/g at room temperature (398K). The Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo second order kinetic models were found to be the best fit (R2 >0.99) for the biosorption process. This study shows the applicability of Cordia myxa seed waste as low-cost treatment of dye wastewater.

Optimization and batch studies on adsorption of Methylene blue dye using pomegranate fruit peel based adsorbent

Abstract Pomegranate fruit peel activated carbon (PFPAC) was prepared using potassium hydroxide impregnation and carbon (IV) oxide gasification methods for the remediation of Methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The design of experiment for the optimization of variables for preparing activated carbon sourced from pomegranate fruit peel was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). The adsorbent was characterized using BET, SEM, FTIR, and elemental analysis respectively. The BET analysis showed an improved surface area from raw PFP (1.01 m2/g) to PFPAC (845.96 m2/g). The optimum conditions for the adsorption of MB dye are 375 W, 0.9, and 4.5 min for radiation power, impregnation ratio, and activation time respectively. These resulted in high percentage of MB dye removal and PFPAC yield of 83.4% and 30.8% respectively. For batch equilibrium studies, the adsorption of MB dye onto the optimized PFPAC showed a strong dependence on the temperature, contact time, and initial MB dye concentration. Kinetic studies revealed rapid MB dye uptake at the initial stages of 0 – 3 h and attained equilibrium at 6 h for initial concentrations of 25 – 300 mg/L. Langmuir maximum monolayer adsorption capacities, q o ( max ) , at temperatures of 303, 318, and 333 K are 250.00, 239.05, and 235.58 mg/g respectively, thus suggesting a favourable adsorption at low temperature. Modeling of the adsorption data using three kinetic models, revealed that pseudo first order (PFO) model best explained the adsorption process of MB dye onto PFPAC indicating a physisorption process. Chemically activated PFPAC was found to be valuable and effective for sequestrating MB dye from the aqueous solutions. Procedure Experimental design (central composite design)

Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic studies of methylene blue dye removal using Raphia taedigera seed activated carbon

This present work revealed the isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic behaviour of methylene blue (MB) dye adsorbed onto acidic activated carbon (AAC) and base activated carbon (BAC) prepared from Raphia taedigera seed by carbonization and chemical activation. AAC and BAC were activated with sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide respectively. Batch equilibrium studies were done under different experimental conditions such as MB dye concentration and temperature. The equilibrium data were modelled using Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The Langmuir isotherm model best describes the uptake of MB dye onto AAC and BAC with R2 > 0.998 in all cases. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion equations were used to evaluate the kinetic properties. It was observed that the adsorption of MB dye onto the two activated carbons could best be described by the pseudo-second order equation with 0.999 < R2 ≤ 1. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG0), standard enthalpy (ΔH0), standard entropy (ΔS0), and activation energy (Ea) were determined. The results of ΔG0indicated a spontaneous and feasible for AAC and non-spontaneous but feasible for BAC. Results of ΔH0 confirmed that the adsorption of MB onto AAC and BAC are endothermic and physical in nature. It can be concluded that AAC and BAC prepared from Raphia taedigera seed could be used as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of MB dye from the wastewater.

Optimization to prepare porous carbon from mustard husk using response surface methodology adopted with central composite design

Mustard husk was used as a non-conventional precursor to derive porous carbon by chemical activation using KOH. The effects of three crucial preparation variables - activation temperature, impregnation ratio and activation time on methylene blue dye uptake and porous carbon yield was studied using central composite design. The selected process variables were optimized with an intention to maximize both methylene blue uptake and yield. Activation temperature showed prominent effect on both the responses. The effect of activation time was relatively less significant on methylene blue uptake. At an optimized condition of activation temperature 738.8 °C, impregnation ratio 2.0 and activation time 60.0 min, the model predicted and experimental values for both the responses were highly comparable. The carbon derived at optimized conditions was characterized by several analytical techniques and reusability up to five adsorption-desorption cycles was tested. The results indicated highly porous structure comparable to commercial grade activated carbon.

Decolorisation of Basic Textile Dye from Aqueous Solutions using a Biosorbent derived from Thespesia populnea used Biomass

In the present study, the efficiency of a biosorbent derived from seeds of Thespesia populnea was investigated towards the removal of basic textile dye Methylene Blue from an aqueous solution. Adsorption studies were carried out in batch system. Influence of experimental parameters such as adsorbent dosage (0.1g/L-0.3g/L), PH (2-10) and initial dye concentration (50-130mg/L) on adsorption of dye onto biosorbent was investigated. Maximum uptake of dye was observed with 0.1g/L adsorbent dosage at PH 8.0. Equilibrium uptake of methylene blue dye by the adsorbent was analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The data fitted best with Freundlich model, suggesting that adsorption of the dye was by multilayer model on the surface of the adsorbent. Experimental results obtained support that the biosorbent used in the present study can be a suitable low cost alternate for the removal of basic textile dyes.

Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Pollutant from Aqueous Solution Using Sugar Cane Bark and Chaff Biomass

The removal of Methylene blue (MB) dye pollutant from aqueous solution using sugar cane bark (SCB) and chaff (SCC) was studied using batch experiments. The operating variables studied were initial biomass dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature. The result revealed that the amount of MB dye uptake, qe (mg/g) increased with an increase in temperature, dye concentration and contact time, but decreased with an increase in adsorbent dosage. Equilibrium data were found to obey Langmuir isotherm for both biomass, showing a monolayer adsorption mechanism. The monolayer sorption capacity of SCB and SCC for MB dye were found to be 1.282mg/g and 1.706mg/g, respectively at 303K. The thermodynamics parameters of the MB / biomass system indicate spontaneous (ΔG◦ &lt;0) and endothermic (ΔH &gt; 0) process. The study show that SCB and SCC which are common environmental wastes can be used for the treatment of MB dye polluted water.

Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Pollutant from Aqueous Solution Using Sugar Cane Bark and Chaff Biomass

The removal of Methylene blue (MB) dye pollutant from aqueous solution using sugar cane bark (SCB) and chaff (SCC) was studied using batch experiments. The operating variables studied were initial biomass dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature. The result revealed that the amount of MB dye uptake, qe(mg/g) increased with an increase in temperature, dye concentration and contact time, but decreased with an increase in adsorbent dosage. Equilibrium data were found to obey Langmuir isotherm for both biomass, showing a monolayer adsorption mechanism. The monolayer sorption capacity of SCB and SCC for MB dye were found to be 1.282mg/g and 1.706mg/g, respectively at 303K. The thermodynamics parameters of the MB / biomass system indicate spontaneous (ΔG◦&lt;0) and endothermic (ΔH &gt;0) process. The study show that SCB and SCC which are common environmental wastes can be used for the treatment of MB dye polluted water.

Coating paint for dyes removal: Performance and characteristic

A coating paint (CP) was used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution that can be coated on any surfaces. The CP was formulated from a natural adsorbent, binder and a carrier. In the experimental study, the CP coated on the interior surface of glass beakers before tested for adsorption performance. The characterization study of CP has been carried out using SEM and XRF. Among the tested adsorbents and binders, clay-based adsorbent and water-based binder resulted as the most suitable ingredients for CP formula since they performed within shorter time and gave higher percentage dye removal. The mechanism of treatment is based on charge interaction between both materials, CP and Methylene Blue (MB). The net negative charges of CP give capabilities to adsorb positively charges of MB dye. For batch adsorption study, the MB dye uptake by the CP was increased as the initial dye concentration and contact time increase. The percentage removal of MB was found to achieve 99% for 20–100mg/L concentration and>60% for 200–500mg/L upon equilibrium within 24h. The current study revealed the potential of CP as a feasible and practical coating adsorbent for future wastewater treatment technology.

Palm oil mill effluent sludge ash as adsorbent for methylene blue dye removal

This work was aimed to evaluate the adsorptive nature of palm oil mill effluent sludge ash for methylene blue dye removal in aqueous solution. Two types of palm oil mill effluent sludge collected from different treatment ponds, i.e. anaerobic and biopolishing were burnt to ash, and treated with 5M HCl. The treated and untreated adsorbents were characterized for surface area and morphology. Methylene blue dye adsorption was carried out in laboratory at room temperature, and the adsorption data were analyzed based on equilibrium isotherm and kinetic models. The surface area of ash-adsorbents was found to increase more than 12 times after HCl treatment. The highest surface area recorded was 218 m2/g. Equilibrium data of ash-adsorbents obeyed Langmuir isotherm to linear approximation suggesting the monolayer uptake of methylene blue dye. The highest maximum uptake of 50.7 mg/g methylene blue dye (50% removal) was demonstrated by HCl-treated biopolishing ash-adsorbent at initial concentration of 200 mg/L and pH 5.8 ± 0.1. The kinetic data for selected HCl-treated ash-adsorbent were fitted to Ho’s pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption process. Results showed that ash obtained from palm oil mill effluent sludge after simple treatment with HCl could be employed as effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye.

Evaluation of Uptake of Methylene blue dye by Sulphonated biomass of Cicer arientinum: Batch Study

Evaluation of Uptake of Methylene blue dye by Sulphonated biomass of Cicer arientinum: Batch Study

Laser Treatment of Cotton Fabric for Durable Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles

In the present study, cotton fabric was exposed to laser exposure at different energy levels and then the silver nanoparticles were coated on untreated and laser treated cotton fabrics. Methylene blue dye was used to detect the presence of carboxylic acid groups (-COO−) on laser treated cotton and the dye absorption results were determined spectrophotometrically. ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) analysis and antibacterial tests were carried out to investigate the silver ion content and bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles on cotton fabrics. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to identify chemical changes and to study the morphology of the surface of the fibers. EDAX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) analysis was calculated for SEM micrographs. The results showed according to the higher uptake of methylene blue dye that the negative charge of the carboxylic acid groups had been created by laser treatment. Although the FTIR spectroscopy results did not show an increase in carboxylic acid groups, the cationic dye absorption increased. The durability of the Ag+ ion particles on repeated laundered laser treated cotton was proven by antibacterial and ICP tests, particularly when the laser energy was increased.

Pilot production of activated carbon from cotton stalks using H 3PO 4

Cotton stalks, an agricultural waste, were chemically activated in a batch process using H 3PO 4 in a locally designed carbonizer at 420 °C in the absence of any purging gases. Mechanically cut short sticks were soaked in diluted H 3PO 4 for a short duration (Batch 1) and an extended period (Batch 2) prior to thermal treatment. The derived carbons contained both coarse and fine grains with acidic effect. Porosity was characterized by N 2 adsorption at −196 °C and the isotherms analyzed by the α-method to estimate total and microporous surface areas in addition to total and microporous volumes. The produced carbons exhibited well-developed porosity that was essentially microporous in composition. Several key performance parameters were altered considerably as a result of impregnation with H 3PO 4 and the extended chemical activation period (Batch 2). Most of the internal porosity of both carbons was accessible to adsorption of iodine, whereas the uptake of methylene blue dye was proportional to the average size of micropores which were larger for the batch with a longer acid soaking time. SEM and FTIR investigations revealed the presence of a developed honeycomb structure and different oxygen functionalities on surfaces of the activated products which are advantageous in liquid-phase applications. Preliminary laboratory-scale experiments with Pb(II) indicate that adsorption capacity of target heavy metals compares favorably with commercially available activated carbons. The raw material, pre-processing, and activation process prove feasible for the production of activated carbon on a large scale, thereby providing a sustainable strategy for treatment of toxic waste streams.

Candida albicans inactivation and cell membrane integrity damage by microwave irradiation

In indicating the microwave irradiation for disinfecting dentures it is necessary to see how this procedure influences Candida albicans integrity and viability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of microwaves to inactivate C. albicans and damage cell membrane integrity. Two 200-ml C. albicans (ATCC 10231) suspensions were obtained. A sterile denture was placed in a beaker containing the Experimental (ES) or the Control suspension (CS). ES was microwaved at 650 W for 6 min. Suspensions were optically counted using methylene blue dye uptake as indicative of membrane-damaged cells; spread on Agar Sabouraud dextrose (ASD) for viability assay; or spectrophotometrically measured at 550 nm. Cell-free solutions were submitted to content analyses of protein (Bradford and Pyrogallol red methods); Ca++ (Cresolftaleine complexone method); DNA (spectrophotometer measurements at 260 nm) and K+ (selective electrode technique). Data were analysed by Student's t- or Wilcoxon z-tests (alpha = 0.05). All ES cells demonstrated cell membrane damage. Viable cells were non-existent in the ES ASD plates. No significant difference in optical density between ES and CS was observed (P=0.272). ES cells released significantly high protein (P<0.001, Bradford; P=0.005, Pyrogallol red), K+ (P<0.001), Ca++ (P=0.012) and DNA (P=0.046) contents. Microwaves inactivated C. albicans and damaged cell membrane integrity.

Bench-scale and packed bed sorption of methylene blue using treated olive pomace and charcoal

A combination of olive pomace after solvent extraction and charcoal produced from the solid waste of olive oil press industry was used as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Batch tests showed that up to 80% of dye was removed when the dye concentration was 10 mg/ml and the sorbent concentration was 45 mg/ml. An increase in the olive pomace concentration resulted in greater dye removal from aqueous solution, and an increase in MB dye concentration at constant adsorbent concentration increased the dye loading per unit weigh of adsorbent. In the kinetic of the adsorbent process, the adsorption data followed the second-order kinetic model better than first order kinetic model. Charcoal showed higher sorption capacity (uptake) than that of olive pomace. In the fixed bed adsorption experiment, the breakthrough curves showed constant pattern behavior, typical of favorable isotherms. The breakthrough time increased with increasing bed height, decreasing flow rate and decreasing influent concentration and methylene blue dye uptake. The uptake of MB dye was significantly increased when a mixture of olive pomace and charcoal was packed in the column in a multi-layer fashion. Different models were used to describe the behavior of this packed-sorption process.