Methylene Blue Adsorption Studies Research Articles

Study of Methylene Blue Adsorption with Silver Chloride Coagulants from Photographic Film Waste

Methylene blue is a dye that is widely used in industry. These dyes are hazardous and can pose a health risk if discharged directly into the environment. On the other hand, photographic waste containing Ag metal can be used as an AgCl coagulant. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of AgCl coagulant in the adsorption of methylene blue dye. Silver chloride was synthesized from photographic waste using the coagulation precipitation method. The results of the analysis showed that the AgCl coagulant was able to take 88.2% methylene blue dye at neutral pH 7 for 15 min with a stirring speed of 300 rpm for 10 mg/L methylene blue sample. The adsorption capacity of AgCl was 10.9 mg. g -1 and the adsorption kinetics model was pseudo-order 1 with an R 2 value of 0.9318. Keywords: AgCl, coagulant, methylene blue DOI: 10.7176/JEES/12-4-06 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

Physicochemical investigation of the enhanced removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using polydopamine/silver nanoparticles

Polydopamine/Ag (PDA/Ag) nanoparticles were synthesized for methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solution as a model dye. These particles were prepared in a modified literature procedure in which polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles were first prepared via the oxidative polymerization of dopamine (DA) under alkaline conditions in the presence of oxygen. Subsequently, nanoparticulate PDA/Ag was accessed from direct reduction of silver precursor [Ag(NH3)2]+ ions by catechol amino groups in the PDA structure to form Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) fixed on the PDA surface. Confirmation of the formation of the PDA and PDA/Ag nanoparticles, plus characterization of their surface morphologies was achieved. In the MB adsorption studies, the various factors affecting the dye adsorption and thermodynamic parameters were investigated in detail. This adsorption process can be described well by the Langmuir model. In order to gain a deeper molecular insight into this process, we investigated some possible local model structures of PDA/Ag nanoparticles and MB interaction with these structures using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results indicated that the adsorption energies (E ads) of MB on the PDA/Ag nanoparticles were higher than the E ads of MB on PDA nanoparticles, which was consistent with the experimental results. Our results provide a significant new finding for the role of Ag nanoparticles in the MB adsorption process on PDA/Ag nanoparticles. Readily accessible nanoparticulate PDA/Ag was shown to be a highly effective adsorbent for MB from aqueous solution and thus has significant potential for applications in wastewater dye removal.

Low-cost activated carbon preparation from Corn stigmata fibers chemically activated using H3PO4, ZnCl2 and KOH: Study of methylene blue adsorption, stochastic isotherm and fractal kinetic

The aim of this study was to produce a low-cost activated carbon (AC) from an inexpensive precursor material, corn stigmata (CS), by chemical activation at low temperatures using H3PO4, ZnCl2 and KOH. The results were showed that activation with phosphoric acid provides an adsorbent with a larger specific surface area (SBET) and high pore size. Textural and physicochemical properties of ACs activated with H3PO4 were then studied in different activation temperature. The increase of activation temperature from 200° to 500°C allows the development of many surface functions and the development of a mixture of meso and microporosity, so the SBET increase from 0.25 to 820 m2/g. The physicochemical and textural properties of ACs were analyzed by N2 adsorption–desorption, FTIR, Boehm’s titration, point of zero charge (pHPZC), SEM and EDX.The kinetics and isotherm of methylene blue (MB) adsorption were well described by BSf and GBS models indicating the stochastic and fractal adsorption process and a highly heterogeneous AC surface. The maximum adsorption capacity toward MB, 330.5 mg/g, was high compared to many other results found in literature.

Mechanism and Kinetic Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption on Commercial Polyurethane Foam

Separation of several organic dyes and trace elements from aqueous effluents have a great importance in many areas of research today. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from effluents by using cost effective and environmentally method like adsorption. To achieve this work, batch experiments were carried out with an artificial effluent comprising of MB dye in deionised water. The effects of the initial dye concentration, volume, PH value, stability and removal kinetics were studied. An adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/L was effective in height removal percent of the dye ion, at pH 12.6, and equilibrium time 20-25 minutes. Also, the kinetic process of MB adsorption onto polyurethane foam (PUF) was investigated by applying Lagergen pseudo-first-order and Morris-Weber models to correlate the experimental data and to estimate the kinetic parameters. The adsorption isotherm data were correlated by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. A maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 0.0929 mg/g was calculated using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, suggesting a functional group limited adsorption process. The results confirmed that foam are effective sorbent for the removal of dye from effluent

The Use of Sugarcane Bagasse to Remove the Organic Dyes from Wastewater.

In the present study, the potential of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was evaluated by methylene blue (MB) retention. The selected low-cost adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET method, and determination of the point of zero charge (pHzpc). Batch kinetic and isothermal studies were performed to examine the effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature. The results show that the kinetic study of MB adsorption on sugarcane bagasse is very fast; the equilibrium is reached after only 20 minutes. The kinetic model of pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir isotherm model perfectly explain the adsorption process of MB with a monolayer adsorption capacity equal to 49.261 mg·g−1 activation parameters' values such as free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) also determined as −4.35 kJ·mol−1, −31.062 kJ·mol−1, and −0.084 J·mol−1·K−1, respectively. Besides, the thermodynamic parameters of the methylene blue sugarcane bagasse system indicate that the exothermic adsorption process is spontaneous.

Comparative study of methylene blue adsorption using alkali-activated pumice from Bali and Banten

This study presents the comparison of methylene blue (MB) adsorption using alkali-activated pumice from Bali (A-P1) and Banten (A-P2). Pumice samples were activated under alkaline solution and followed by simple hydrothermal treatment in a polypropylene bottle at 100 °C for 24 hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that both treated pumices have different peak characteristics, where only A-P1 was dominated by the mineral phase of GIS-NaP1 zeolite. The change of amorphous to zeolite phases increased negative sides and caused A-P1 to have a higher adsorption capacity than A-P2. Based on the adsorption data of AP1 and AP2, the Langmuir isotherm model shows a better fit with high correlation values (R2) compared to the Freundlich model. This means the interaction between the treated pumice and MB followed the assumption of monolayer coverage on homogeneous surfaces, in which the maximum values of MB adsorption were found to be 51.546 mg/g for A-P1 and 27.027 mg/g for A-P2. In addition, A-P1 and A-P2 were also potentially used as heterogeneous catalysts for MB degradation through Fenton-like process due to the presence of iron oxide contents.

Study of Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Aminated Graphene Oxides at Varied Stirring Time

Aminated graphene oxide (AGO) is one of graphene oxide (GO) derivatives that contained amine group (NH2). GO has a lot of oxygen-containing groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and epoxide functional groups, therefore it is hydrophilic and readily dispersed in water forming a stable colloidal suspension. This property was used to study decolorize of dye pollutant in water contamination. The presence of amine side chain in the molecule might contribute on improving hydrophilic properties of AGO compared to GO. Waste water containing harmful dyes such as methylene blue (MB) is one of the main problems in water contamination. In this work we study MB adsorption onto AGO surface. The experiments were carried out by mixing 50 mL of the MB solution in water (5 ppm; 0.25 mg) with 0.5 mL of dispersed AGO (0.5 mg / ml; 0.25 mg) in dimethylformamide (DMF), and then stirring at 1000 rpm at varied stirring times. The initial and final concentration of MB solutions after AGO adsorption were analyzed using spectroscopy. We obtained that AGO can adsorb MB in water, which the adsorption happened very fast until stirring time of 20 minutes. Addition of stirring time does not have significant change on MB concentration, which indicates that AGO adsorption capacity has saturated.

Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption over Metal-doped Zeolite Nano-adsorbent

In this work, the adsorption of cationic dye by the modified high silica zeolite nano-adsorbent was investigated. The support was prepared hydrothermally and doped by the iron. The morphology, structure, and textural properties of the nano-adsorbents were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, and FE-SEM. The results showed that the nano-adsorbent had a high specific surface area, crystallinity, and pore volume. The maximum adsorption (6.09 mg g-1) was at the pH level of 9.0, 10 mg L-1 of dye concentration, T=25 °C, and 1.0 gL-1 of nano-adsorbent dosage. The kinetic of Methylene blue (MB) adsorption was pseudo-second-order with the high correlation factor (R2=0.99). The MB adsorption was in line with the Langmuir model, as an exothermic and spontaneous process. The results confirmed that the metal-doped high silica ZSM-5 zeolite was an efficient nano-adsorbent for the cationic dye adsorption through wastewater treatment.

Comparison between nano zero valent iron supporting onto activated carbon collected via two types of reagents statistically: Carbon for cationic dye removal

One of the important substances was the carbon which was used to prepare adsorbents like, Nano zero-valent iron on carbon as supporting materials by sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. Nitric acid was used with heating at a temperature of 90 ° C and stirring for two hours to generate active groups on the surface of the activated carbon. The new zero-valent iron adsorbent was loaded on the surface of the functionalized activated carbon (NZVI/AC) and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the surface area measurement (SBET), and the Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The synthesized (NZVI/AC) was applied for the removal of cationic dye as methylene blue (MB) from simulated wastewater. On the other hand, the adsorption and the kinetic studies for the MB removal were investigated via both kinetic models as the pseudo-first and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Also, the initial concentration of the MB adsorption studies was with a concentration of 20 mg/L, the adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g, the contact time of 60 minutes with high uptake value at natural pH solution. It was found that the removal efficiency of the adsorbent NZVI/AC was higher than the AC without Nanomaterial’s with values of 96.70% and 84.16% respectively. It is noted that the removal rate increased almost 12 times in comparison between AC and NZVI/AC. In the kinetic studies; the second-order kinetic model was more favorable than the first-order kinetic model in the adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamically, the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) was found to be with a negative value indicating the spontaneity of the process, while the change in the entropy ΔS° and the enthalpy ΔH° with positive values indicating the adsorption of MB was an endothermic process. It could conclude that the new adsorbent NZVI/AC had significant potential for the cationic dye removal than the activated carbon AC in the environmental application.

Kinetic and equilibrium studies of methylene blue adsorption on functionalized polymethyl methacrylate in polyvinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropolypropylene matrix

Herein a novel polymeric adsorbent composite material was introduced for the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions for the purpose of water treatment. Adsorption process was examined by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models together with pseudo-first and second order kinetic analysis. It was found that characteristic of the adsorption process was well described by Langmuir isotherm following pseudo-first order kinetic route. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was determined as 49.04 mg g−1. In light of thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption and removal of MB from the composite in acidic solution suggested that the process was based on ion-exchange mechanism. Negative values of Gibbs free energies changing from − 5.41 to − 15.99 kJ mol−1 with increasing temperature demonstrated that adsorption process occurs spontaneously. Heat of adsorption and entropy values were found as 58.30 kJ mol−1 and 0.23 kJ mol K−1, respectively. Therefore, adsorption process was endothermic in nature without noticeable disorder. The material consisting of functionalized poly(methyl methactrylate) in the polyvinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropolypropylene matrix is considered to be a potential adsorbent material for the treatment of polluted waters.

Thermo-Kinetic Study of Adsorption of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solutions Using Algerian Illite Natural and Activated Mineral Clay

In this study, a local mineral clay was used as an adsorbent for the elimination of a cationic dye: methylene blue (MB), in an aqueous solution by adsorption technique. Early on, we performed mineralogical and textural analyses of a clay sample using various techniques, namely X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that this adsorbent is a mesoporous and non-swelling clay with illite and kaolinite as the major components with a specific area of about 110m2/g. The study of MB adsorption on the clay was carried out by optimizing the conditions of adsorption, notably the initial concentration of pollutant C0, the mass of clay m, the contact time t, the potential of hydrogen of the solution pH and the temperature T. Experimental results have shown that the equilibrium data are well adjusted by a Langmuir isotherm equation. Thermodynamic parameters such as the changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were determined from batch experiments. Results revealed that the adsorption of MB onto illitic clay was endothermic and spontaneous process. Kinetic modeling was also carried out. Experimental data adjusted the kinetic model of pseudo-second order with two stages of intraparticle diffusion.

The adsorptive removal of MB using chemically treated artichoke leaves: Parametric, kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic study

In this paper, we are interested in developing techniques for water discoloration and exploiting agriculture wastes as biosorbents. For that we studied the adsorption mechanism of methylene blue (MB) on chemically treated artichoke leaves (T-AL). To understand the adsorption process of the system Dye/T-AL various studies were performed. Parametric studies of MB adsorption with and without different salts were carried out using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The obtained results showed that the adsorption of MB alone (mono-system) is mainly related to pH and adsorbent dose. In the presence of salts, the adsorption efficiency of MB is principally linked to the pH of the solution and the initial concentration of salts. Even the nature of salts influences the capacity of MB adsorption. The kinetic data were analyzed using different models. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order model was the best model describing the adsorption behavior of MB onto (T-AL) in the mono-system (Dye/T-AL), bi-system, (Dye; Salt)/T-AL and mixed system with different salts (Dye; ΣMixed Salts)/T-AL. By analyzing the adsorption isotherm data, it was found that the MB adsorption in all studied systems is better suited to the Langmuir model. Furthermore, the values of thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° indicate that the interaction is thermodynamically favorable and that the adsorption mechanism is exothermic with physical nature.

Study of Methylene Blue Adsorption by Modified Kaolinite by Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Abstract Tamazert kaolin was modified with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The starting material and resulting from the intercalation were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Intercalation caused considerable changes in our clay by increasing the basal spacing to 11.22 Å, an intercalation rate of 98 %. The adsorption of methylene blue was studied as a function of pH, contact time, temperature, dye concentrations and adsorbents. Kinetic data have been adequately described by the pseudo-second order and intraparticle scattering model. The adsorption isotherm is in good agreement with the Redlich-Peterson model. A change in thermodynamic values (ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°) was observed after intercalation. Adsorption became non-spontaneous exothermic and ordered.

Strategic design of magnetic carbonaceous nanocomposites and its application as multifunctional adsorbent

Magnetic carbonaceous nanocomposites (MCN) were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of a carbohydrate in the presence of Fe3+, followed by thermal treatment with KOH for simultaneous activation and magnetization. The precursor formed (IOCN) in the HTC process contained iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulated in the hydrochar matrix. The thermochemical parameters of the activation (temperature and IOCN/KOH mass-ratio) were varied to achieve an increase of the specific surface area along with formation of magnetic phases in MCN compared to IOCN. Activation temperature was found to be responsible for the structural and morphological properties of the MCNs whereas the IOCN/KOH mass-ratio controlled the porosity. The magnetic properties of the MCNs originated from the formation of Fe3O4 and Fe0 phases, which are encapsulated in the carbonaceous material. The MCNs were tested for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye, followed by magnetic separation. The MCN, produced in the optimized conditions, showed a specific surface area of 766 m2 g−1, magnetization of 8 emu g−1 and a MB adsorption capacity of 570 mg g−1. Detailed kinetic and isotherm studies of MB adsorption were also performed. The methodology of simultaneous activation and magnetization to generate MCNs, presented here, could be extended to obtain new multifunctional carbon-based nanocomposite adsorbent starting from different biomasses.

Kinetic and isotherm studies on adsorption of methylene blue using polyacrylonitrile/hydroxyl group functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube multilayered nanofibrous composite

Nanofibrous composite mat was prepared using polyacrylonitrile hard yarn waste and hydroxyl group functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH) by electrospinning technique and exploit for methylene blue dye adsorption from aqueous solution. The nanofibrous composite mat was characterized by Fourier transform (FT) infrared spectroscopy, FT-Raman, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and thermogravimetric analyser. The adsorption experiments were studied to investigate the effect of MWCNT-OH weight percentage, initial solution pH, contact time and initial dye concentration on the adsorption. The higher percentage of methylene blue adsorption was found to be 80.05% under optimal condition. The adsorption equilibrium data were studied with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The R 2 value was found to be higher in the Freundlich isotherm model which was clearly indicated that the Freundlich isotherm model is most suitable for the adsorption of methylene blue on nanofibrous composite mat. The kinetic study was carried out to explain the adsorption rate of methylene blue on nanofibrous composite. The kinetic study of methylene blue adsorption was favourable to the pseudo second-order equation.

Alginate beads impregnated with sulfonate containing calix[4]arene-intercalated layered double hydroxides: In situ preparation, characterization and methylene blue adsorption studies

The present research describes the in situ preparation of novel alginate nanocomposite beads impregnated with unmodified MgAl-NO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) and a sulfonate containing calix[4]arene-intercalated LDH (SuLDH). The effect of intercalation of LDH on the methylene blue adsorption efficiency of Alg/SuLDH beads was investigated and compared with Alg/LDH and pure alginate beads (Alg). The prepared beads were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, BET, and swelling ratio analysis. Among samples, the Alg/SuLDH beads showed the highest thermal stability, crystallinity, water swelling ratio, and specific surface area. In addition, based on the batch adsorption studies, Alg/SuLDH beads exhibited higher adsorption efficiency compared to Alg/LDH and Alg beads. The obtained equilibrium adsorption data were modeled by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Regarding the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of Alg beads, Alg/LDH, and Alg/SuLDH nanocomposite beads was obtained 540.54, 598.80, and 653.59.36 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic adsorption studies also demonstrated that the adsorption of MB by all samples well obey the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. This study proposes the Alg/SuLDH beads as a highly developed adsorbent for removal of MB from wastewaters. The reusability experiments showed that the Alg/SuLDH beads retained 72.55% of initial activity after 5 cycles.

Isotherm and Kinetic Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Teak Wood Waste Biomass

Isotherm and Kinetic Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Teak Wood Waste Biomass

Experimental study of methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solutions onto Fe3O4/NiO nano mixed oxides prepared by ultrasonic assisted co-precipitation

According to the increasing development of the mankind, social and technology activities in the earth, various industry is in a state of uncontrolled growth. In the present study, magnetite/nickel oxide mixed metal oxide nanoparticles (FNMMO NPs) were prepared by a simple method assisted by ultrasonic waves and applied as a novel adsorbent to dispose of dye wastewater. The morphology and chemical structures of the Fe3O4, NiO and FNMMO NPs were characterization by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) onto FNMMO NPs was studied in relation to initial concentration of MB, contact time, adsorbent dose and pH value of solution. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm was fitted by Langmuir isotherm. The capacity of adsorption was evaluated 40.1 mg.g-1 and the time required to reach the adsorption equilibrium was 180 min.

Kinetic and thermodynamic study of methylene blue adsorption onto chitosan: insights about metachromasy occurrence on wastewater remediation

Methylene blue (MB) is a dye used in the textile industry and a potential wastewater pollutant. Adsorption of MB onto the chitosan is a promising method for MB removal. Upon contact with chitosan, MB molecules can aggregate leading to the appearance of additional bands in the MB absorption spectrum. This phenomenon is called metachromasy. In this paper the kinetics and thermodynamic parameters related to the removal of MB as single molecules (Sng-MB) and aggregates (Agg-MB) species by chitosan from simulated wastewater were studied. Additionally, it was investigated means to suppress metachromasy and improve the efficiency of the removal process. For both MB species, the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model. For each temperature studied, Agg-MB always presented higher rate constant than Sng-MB, indicating faster adsorption of Agg-MB in comparison with Sng-MB, whereas the highest removal percentage (around 65%) for both species was obtained at 323 K. A lower activation energy was obtained for the adsorption of Agg-MB (28 kJ/mol) than for Sng-MB (65 kJ/mol), indicating Agg-MB adsorption is favored in relation to Sng-MB. The thermodynamic studies indicated the adsorption process for both MB species is endothermic and spontaneous from 298 to 348 K. The metachromasy could be suppressed by performing the experiments at pH 3, leading to a removal percentage around 70% in comparison with 20 and 60%, for experiments at pH 7 and 12, respectively, at 298 K. Analysis of chitosan before and after adsorption process, by using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, indicated that no structural changes happened to chitosan throughout the process.

Study of methylene blue adsorption from solution by magnetic graphene oxide composites

Study of methylene blue adsorption from solution by magnetic graphene oxide composites