Qualitative Analysis Method Research Articles

This paper investigates the potential of combining educational models such as Constructivist Model, Active-Participatory Model, Competency-Based Model with artificial intelligence to create enhanced interactive learning experiences. In the current context of education, where interactive methods increase students' active participation and instructional models facilitate the understanding of complex concepts and the development of critical thinking, the study explores how artificial intelligence-based technologies can significantly contribute to improving the path of students' competence formation and development.The research employs a mixed-methods approach, blending quantitative and qualitative methods for a comprehensive analysis. Quantitative data were collected using a pre-test and post-test experimental design to measure changes in students' engagement and comprehension of concepts before and after the intervention. Meanwhile, qualitative data were obtained through case studies to gain insights into the participants’ experiences with the combination of physical models and artificial intelligence tools.The target group of this study consists of 12 university students aged 20 to 50, randomly assigned to experimental and control groups from three classes at the Faculty of Sciences, Northern University Center of Baia Mare, Romania. Additionally, the research involved teachers facilitating the learning process to gather their perspectives on the implementation and outcomes of the intervention.The findings reveal that blending physical models with artificial intelligence creates a dynamic synergy that leads to increased student motivation, active participation, a deeper understanding of complex concepts, and the development of essential 21st-century skills such as problem-solving and critical thinking. By valuing the tangible nature of models alongside the adaptive potential of artificial intelligence, this approach offers innovative strategies for personalized and effective education practices.

Structural fires have long posed significant threats to human life, property, and societal stability. In the context of historic buildings, fires also risk the loss of irreplaceable cultural heritage. Ensuring fire safety in such structures requires a sensitive balance between risk mitigation and architectural conservation. This study investigates fire safety strategies in historic buildings through the restoration and renovation project of Bıçakçı Khan and Yıldız Cinema, two culturally significant structures in İzmir, Türkiye. Using Türkiye's Regulation on Fire Protection (TRFP) as the main guideline, a systematic fire safety control method was implemented through regulatory compliance checks, occupant load calculations, qualitative risk assessments (QRA), and evacuation route evaluations. The systematic fire safety control method adopts a two-step approach, in which the first step involves analysing occupant loads and architectural egress provisions, and the second step consists of conducting a qualitative risk analysis based on regulatory compliance. The study reveals that current fire safety regulations, while generally applicable, fall short in addressing the specific vulnerabilities of heritage structures. By applying a qualitative risk analysis, the research identifies the need for tailored strategies that prioritise both occupant safety and the preservation of architectural authenticity. Passive protection measures and low-impact interventions are proposed as effective means to enhance fire resilience in historic buildings. In conclusion, a systematic fire safety control method is proposed, emphasising minimal architectural intervention and the preservation of historical integrity. The study concludes with recommendations for revising current regulations and adopting performance-based approaches that integrate architectural, engineering, and conservation expertise, thereby ensuring both safety and cultural continuity.

Objective This study was conducted to determine the experiences of mothers of infants brought to the pediatric emergency unit due to infantile colic in Türkiye. Materials and Methods The study was conducted with a phenomenological design with 12 mothers whose babies younger than three months were diagnosed with infantile colic. The data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interview technique. The interviews were audio-recorded. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were evaluated by using qualitative content analysis method. Results It was found that the mean age of the infants was 1.47±0.82 months and 41.7% of the babies were 1-2 months old. All of the mothers stated that they had problems in many issues related with the excessive crying of their babies. As a result of the content analysis, three main themes (being the mother of a crying baby, physical care and psychosocial adjustment) were determined in the study. Conclusion It was found that the mothers experience many problems such as helplessness, psychological problems such as guilt, and inability to do daily living activities due to excessive crying. Apart from physical care, it is recommended to be aware of the needs of parents in psychosocial aspects and to evaluate them holistically and to include them in the nursing process.

The research aims to highlight the diasporic elements from one of the diasporic writers, Derek Walcott. By the end of this research, it must be ensured that certain factors would affect the diaspora writers after their placement from one area to another, whether intentionally or unintentionally. The paper in hand is specifically a discussion on one of the most prominent works of Derek Walcott, which is ‘A Far Cry from Africa’; hence, it proves that this poem is a diasporic work. Moreover, it would significantly highlight some of the prominent elements of any diasporic work, which include home and belonging, displacement and migration, or identity. This research has been conducted using the qualitative research content analysis method of Wellek and Warren (1997). Through this specific study of Derek Walcott’s diasporic work, readers will have an expansion in better understanding and identification of diaspora works.

Integrating human–robot collaboration (HRC) into construction sites has significantly enhanced efficiency and quality. However, it also introduces new or intensifies existing risks as it brings in new entities, relationships, and construction activities. Safety remains the top priority and a persistent concern in HRC systems. However, the current literature on human–robot collaboration safety (HRCS) is vast yet fragmented, and a systematic exploration of its status and research trends in the construction context is still lacking. This paper explores advances in HRCS over the past two decades through a mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis method. Initially, 287 related articles were identified by keyword-searching in Scopus, followed by bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace to uncover the knowledge structure and track emerging research trends. Subsequently, a qualitative discussion highlights achievements in HRCS across five dimensions: (1) optimization of remote intelligent machinery; (2) hazard analysis and risk assessment in HRCS; (3) digital twin for safety monitoring; (4) cognitive and psychological impacts; (5) organizational management perspective. This study quantitatively maps the scientific landscape of HRCS at a macro level and qualitatively identifies key research areas. It provides a comprehensive foundation for understanding the evolution of HRCS and exploring future research directions and applications.

Dance drama, as a non-verbal form of theatre, conveys its narrative through various theatrical elements, including body language, facial expressions, costumes, props, and lighting. Among these, the interaction between costume and body plays a central role in shaping the visual and emotional impact of performance, yet remains underexplored. This study focuses on the traditional Chinese dance costume element of water sleeves, and, by integrating media theory and semiotic theory, employs qualitative research methods of textual analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to conduct a detailed investigation of water-sleeve movement. It identifies key factors that affect body and costume coordination and highlights the performance techniques needed for their effective integration. The study further reveals how water sleeves serve as both narrative tools and visual extensions of the dancer’s body. By situating the interaction between costume and body as a dynamic system, the research offers practical insights for designers, choreographers, and actors, framing costume not as decoration but as an active agent in rehearsal and performance.

The introduction of the principle of confidentiality and the application of the limits of confidentiality in practice as an important part of education and is part of the responsibility of counseling teachers. This research uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis methods, the informants of this research are teachers by observation and distributing questionnaires to 30 counseling teachers. The statement regarding the counseling teacher/counselor does not need to tell students during the initial counseling session about the boundaries of confidentiality stated that there were 7 people who disagreed or around 23%, and those who answered strongly disagreed were 10 people or around 33%. Confidentiality limits need to be implemented so that students feel trusted and their rights are respected, for example, such as telling what students can and cannot tell during counseling sessions and maintaining the confidentiality of information conveyed by students. Therefore, it can be concluded that the principle of confidentiality and the application of confidentiality limits are quite important and become an asset for counseling teachers/counselors in carrying out their duties.

BACKGROUND:Cancer is a very unpleasant and unbelievable experience for parents and patients. The occurrence of this disease during adolescent as the most critical developmental stage can be associated with increasing psychological and social problems. The aim of the present research was to explain the perceived problems of parents caring for adolescents with cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The present qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method. Seventeen parents of adolescents with cancer were selected as participants by purposive sampling based on the inclusion criteria from December 2022 until November 2023. Continuous comparative data collection and analysis were carried out until reaching data saturation through semistructured interviews. Data analysis was also carried out using the qualitative content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. The reporting was carried out based on the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) checklist.RESULTS:The comparative and simultaneous data analysis led to the extraction of 345 primary codes, 13 subcategories, and 3 subcategories, which were finally included in one main category. The most common challenges of parents of adolescent cancer included three main concepts: “emotional concerns regarding the disease status,” parental stressors during treatment and hospitalization,” and “parental job stress”CONCLUSION:The results showed that parents of adolescents with cancer face many challenges during the diagnosis and treatment process. Identification of these challenges can be helpful in developing a comprehensive care plan while considering the conditions of parents and affected adolescents in order to improve the quality of care.

Sustainability reporting has become a strategic tool for measuring corporate responsibility beyond financial performance, particularly in the banking sector. However, most Islamic banks, including Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), still rely heavily on global frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) without explicitly integrating Islamic values. This study aims to analyze BSI’s 2023 sustainability report using the maqashid syariah framework, which emphasizes five core objectives: protection of religion (hifz al-din), life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), progeny (hifz al-nasl), and wealth (hifz al-mal). The research employs a qualitative content analysis method by mapping the contents of BSI’s report against these five dimensions. The findings indicate that BSI has successfully addressed four of the five maqashid principles through programs related to religious activities, social health, financial literacy, and inclusive financing. However, the principle of hifz al-nasl remains underrepresented. In conclusion, although BSI demonstrates strong alignment with GRI standards, integrating maqashid syariah more explicitly would enhance the Islamic authenticity of its sustainability reporting and provide a more holistic view of its social and moral commitments.

This study applies cognitive linguistic theory and comparative qualitative analysis methods to investigate the perceptual metaphor of words related to “light” in Chinese and Vietnamese. The results showed that both Chinese and Vietnamese use the source domain of “light” to map to target domains such as “openness, transparency, hope, future, righteousness, morality, wisdom, enlightenment, and power.” The differences mainly lie in cultural nuances, while Chinese tends towards philosophical, religious, and political metaphors, Vietnamese is more about human values and folk experiences. The study contributes to affirming the universality of perceptual metaphors and clarifying cultural characteristics in the linguistic perception of the two peoples.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/lit/0759/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Turkish party system follows a line extending from the Democrat Party to the Justice and Development Party in terms of the ruling parties in the multiparty era. With the transition to multi-party life in Türkiye after the Second World War, four different political parties formed governments by winning many of the elections alone. These parties and the periods in which they were in government are the DP in the 1950s, the AP from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, the ANAP from 1983 until 1991, and the AK Party since the 2002 elections. This study aims to compare these four major parties, which are on the right of the political spectrum in the Turkish party system and are the sole ruling parties, and to reveal and evaluate their similarities and differences by focusing on the historical background especially those that differentiate them from the CHP. In this article, another purpose is trying to establish a predecessor–successor relationship among these parties in the framework of theory of the political parties. In this study, qualitative comparative analysis method was used. The defining, positioning, and comparing these parties based on qualitative research techniques draws us a distinctive and complementary picture of Turkish politics, with possible important contributions to the field of comparative party politics. Thus, extending from the 1950s to 2023, presenting one of the specific characteristics of Turkish political life. As a result of the study, three rules were put forward to explain the rule of the peripheral turnover between the ruling right parties and the main opposition party in Turkish political system and the role of the formation of the government.

Evaluating and enhancing system resilience is essential to strengthen the regional ability to external shocks and promote the synergistic development of environment, economy and society. Taking the Upper Yellow River (UYR) as an example, this paper constructed a resilience evaluation index system for the environment—economy—society (EES) composite system. A three-dimensional space vector model was built to calculate the resilience development index (RDI) of three subsystems and the composite system from 2009 to 2022. Pathways supporting high resilience levels of the composite system were examined using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method from a configuration perspective. The results revealed that (1) the RDI of three subsystems and the composite system in the UYR showed an increasing trend; relatively, the environment and economy subsystems were lower, and their RDI fluctuated between 0.01 and 0.06 for most cities. (2) The emergence of high resilience is not absolutely dominated by a single factor, but rather the interaction of multiple factors. To achieve high resilience levels, all the cities must prioritize both environmental protection and economic structure as core strategic pillars. The difference is that eastern cities need to further consider social development and life quality, while western cities need to consider social development, life quality, and social security. Other cities including Lanzhou, Baiyin, Tianshui, and Ordos should focus on social construction and social security. Exploring the interactive relationship between various influencing factors of the resilience of the composite system from a configuration perspective has to some extent promoted the transformation from a single contingency perspective to a holistic and multi-dimensional perspective. These findings provide policy recommendations for achieving sustainable development in the UYR and other ecologically fragile areas around the world.

Objective: To construct a CST program for patients after TKA. Materials and Methods: Based on the principles of SET and following evidence, this project was constructed using the qualitative method of literature analysis and the Delphi method. The Delphi panel consisted of fifteen experts from the fields of clinical medicine, rehabilitation medicine, and nursing. Results: Fifteen experts were consulted and the consultation response rate was 100%; the authority coefficient for the first round was 0.89, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.00 to 0.24, and importance ratings ranging from (3.4±0.83) to (5±0); the authority coefficient for the second round was 0.91, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.00 to 0.23, and importance ratings ranging from (4.0±0.93) to (5 ± 0); Kendall’s harmony coefficients were 0.235 and 0.245, respectively, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The construction of SET-based CST program for post-TKA patients included 4 primary, 10 secondary and 15 tertiary indicators. Conclusion: The construction of SET-based CST program for postoperative TKA patients is scientific and feasible, with universal applicability, and can provide a reference basis for healthcare professionals to develop postoperative rehabilitation training for such patients.

This study examines the origin of puppet theatrical performance, tracing its development from early religious rituals to its contemporary form as a performing art. Employing a qualitative research design, the study integrates practice-led and ethnographic approaches to establish a critical understanding of puppetry as both cultural heritage and tourism resource. Data were collected primarily through in-depth interviews with international puppeteers and focused performance groups, supplemented by field observations at major puppetry events, including the Rainforest World Puppet Carnivals held in Kuching, Sarawak. Additional site visits were conducted in Beijing, Guangzhou, Yantai (China), and Yekaterinburg (Russia), enabling access to diverse puppetry traditions and practices. The data were analysed using the qualitative content analysis method, where professional advice and mentoring were leveraged and compiled through personal involvements within the industry at large.

This research investigated the extent of policy consistency in Ghana's national urban planning policy documents and development framework. It highlights the role of urban policies in enabling the implementation of sustainable communities. Adopting a qualitative content analysis method, the study analyses strategic alignment of seven policy documents using the PCD framework that focused on five drivers of sustainable communities, namely environmental conservation and resilience, social equity and inclusivity, economic prosperity and innovation, smart urban planning and design, and community engagement and participation. The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework enabled the identification of alignment, fragmentation, and conflict across policy instruments and governance structures. The findings show some degree of policy coherence in promoting land use efficiency, minimising urban sprawl, fostering compact developments, and boosting local economic growth. However, significant gaps persist. These gaps include the absence of explicitly stated institutional mandates for the implementation of MUD, misalignment between urban and transportation policies, and social injustice and exclusion. Furthermore, the study divulges that the cross-referencing of policy documents is inadequate, resulting in disjointed implementation, fragmented development efforts and governance challenges. The study concludes that the inconsistencies in Ghana's national urban policies significantly impede the attainment of sustainable community development prospects.

This study examines how narrative and cinematic constructions in the short films of Banyumas Raya, Indonesia, contribute to the formation of a distinct Panginyongan film identity. Focusing on three fictional film works, Dolanan Layangan, Pur, and SETAN: Seni Tani, this research employs a qualitative content analysis method grounded in Bordwell's film concept, integrated with theories of realism (Bazin), creative improvisation (Sawyer), and identity representation (Hall). The findings reveal a synergistic construction of identity through three interconnected themes: (1) narratives centered on everyday conflicts resolved through communal values, (2) a realist-improvisational aesthetic using long takes, natural lighting, and non-professional actors to achieve authenticity, and (3) the use of the Ngapak language and local cultural symbols as markers of identity and symbolic resistance. The study concludes that these films function not merely as cultural representations but as active sites of identity negotiation. Furthermore, it proposes a Panginyongan Film Identity Model that synthesizes these elements, offering a framework for understanding similar practices in other Indonesian regional cinemas. This research underscores the significance of local cinema as a vital cultural practice that challenges mainstream aesthetics and contributes to Indonesia's diverse national cinematic landscape.

This study aims to revisit the concepts of “center” and “periphery” within the intellectual framework of Ibn Khaldun and compare them with modern socio-political theories. Contrary to the common belief that these concepts are exclusively products of Western modern thought, the research demonstrates that Ibn Khaldun had already laid the foundations of a comprehensive and dynamic theory of state formation, urban development, and civilizational dynamics through his notions of center and periphery. Using a qualitative analytical method, the study explores key passages from Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah, identifies his unique insights on the spatial and political organization of power, and links them to historical and Qur’anic perspectives. By comparing his views with the theories of Immanuel Wallerstein, Samir Amin, and Karl Marx, the research seeks to establish Ibn Khaldun’s relevance as an original contributor to global sociological theory and to revive a native analytical model for understanding the rise and fall of civilizations.

The absence of strategies for predicting and preventing sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is intertwined with the lack of studies measuring users' attitudes toward potential innovative interventions. The NEUROSENSE Project (http://www.neurosense-project.eu) aims to evaluate novel SUDEP-predictive neuroendocrine biomarkers in interstitial fluid. The ultimate aim is to develop an artificial intelligence-driven closed loop device (AI-CLD) prototype that can recognize life-threatening seizures and prevent SUDEP through automatic intervention. The current study introduces the potential use of AI-CLDs in SUDEP prediction and prevention, while assessing person with epilepsy (PWE) and caregiver (CG) attitudes toward AI-CLD adoption and implementation. A qualitative study was conducted through three focus groups involving PWEs and CGs. Participants were recruited through the NEUROSENSE Patient Advisory Board, with discussions facilitated through a semistructured interview guide. The study followed grounded theory and qualitative content analysis methods. Data were collected between October 2024 and February 2025, with all sessions transcribed and analyzed. Three main areas emerged from the analysis: expectations of AI-CLDs for SUDEP prediction and prevention, decision-making processes involving AI use in health care, and barriers and facilitators to AI-CLD adoption. PWEs and CGs generally expressed positive attitudes toward AI-CLDs, supporting automatic data sharing with health care providers and real-time alerts. However, concerns about AI accuracy, overreliance on automation, and the need for control over interventions were raised. Both groups preferred wearable devices over implanted solutions, emphasizing comfort and discretion as critical factors for adoption. This study highlights the potential of AI-CLDs in improving the prediction and prevention of SUDEP, showing promise for enhancing patient safety through real-time monitoring and interventions. The findings underscore the importance of user-centered design in device development, emphasizing comfort, control over interventions, and integration into daily life. This research provides insights useful for future development aiming to improve PWE and CG confidence in using AI technologies for epilepsy care and risk management.

Despite efforts to improve junior doctors' working conditions, burnout, distress and disillusionment persist, with implications for patient outcomes. This qualitative study analysed factors shaping the lived experiences of junior doctors in Singapore and their changes over time, thereby seeking to inform improvements to working conditions. Thirty purposively sampled respondents who were junior doctors in Singapore between 1975 and 2022 were interviewed. Respondents were grouped into 3 cohorts: (1) junior, (2) middle and (3) senior. Employing the framework method of qualitative analysis, open coding was performed with reference to the individual, interpersonal, institutional, community and policy levels of the socioecological model (SEM). Four themes emerged: (1) inherent challenges of junior doctorship, (2) exacerbating factors, (3) alleviating factors and (4) responses of junior doctors to their experiences. Codes were reconstructed into a modified SEM, demonstrating trickle-down effects of interpersonal or structural forces on the individual doctor and pertinent factors evolving with time. Across cohorts, respondents echoed mental and physical challenges. While senior cohort doctors recounted higher patient-to-doctor ratios and longer working hours, junior cohort doctors cited new difficulties. These include a hostile medicolegal landscape, patients' increasingly complex needs and expectations, and higher administrative loads. Amid these difficulties, alleviating factors included good workplace relationships alongside institutional interventions. Doctors responded differently to their challenges. Some externalised difficulties through expression and advocacy; others internalised them, whether into fulfilment or distress. While some facets of junior doctorship have improved with time, new challenges that warrant consideration are emerging. Junior doctors should be centred, listened to and empowered in shaping improvements to working conditions.

Democracy comes from the Greek word’s demos and kratos. Demos means people and kratos means power. Therefore, democracy means power is in the hands of the people. Power comes from the people and the people as the holder of power. Even though the word democracy is a foreign word in Timor-Leste that originates from Latin, but in practice, the Timorese have practiced democracy for most of their lives since the times of the ancestors. Since the rule of the clan, the village, the suco and even the kingdom usually happened with the consent of its people. The people delegated power to the data; the nobles; and then these data were to choose a village chief, a suco chief, and even a liurai (king, ruler) of a kingdom. Even family and community matters, decisions were made through a consensus, a dialogue called nahe biti boot. This reality shows that the Timorese have practiced democracy since ancient times where power is not only in the hands of one person but in the hands of a set of important people in that system itself known as an aristocratic republic. Democracy today also happens in the same way. The people delegate their power to the village chiefs, suco chiefs, the members of the national parliament (hence forming the government) and the president of the republic through votes; of the election. This means that the votes of the people are extremely important in determining the life of a so-called democratic state like Timor-Leste. Democracy must coexist in harmony with the state legal system, that is, democracy must be regularized through state legal norms. Nothing is absolutely free in the world because freedom without responsibility can make it debauchery as long as there are no state legal norms to regulate. Today's modern state must be a democratic state of law, the state that recognizes the power of the people, that is, the state that recognizes that the people as the holder of power, and this democratic state must be regulated through state legal norms, and these state legal norms must recognize that state power resides in the people and in the name of the people, because the people as the sole holder of power. This article aims to deal with the power of voting in relation to democracy where we can see that in a democratic state, important decisions are made through votes. The method of this research is a qualitative method of observation and analysis of the documents linked to the theme treated. With this study we are able to see how voting has power in democracy. We have seen that voting is very important to ensure the proper functioning of democracy and we can say that democracy has to do with votes or in a summarized way we can call it a democracy of votes. We can conclude that any democratic state must promote and value the vote through a transparent, free, direct, secret process, that is, the voting process must at least respect the seal of the vote to guarantee the freedom of voters.