Qualitative Analysis Method Research Articles

This study aims to analyze the representation and quality of children’s literature content in Indonesian language textbooks for elementary schools under the Merdeka Curriculum, a national education policy aimed at promoting student-centered learning. With particular attention to genre diversity, developmental appropriateness, and alignment with literacy goals, this research examines the extent to which these textbooks provide meaningful and engaging literary experiences for students. A qualitative content analysis method was employed, focusing on textbooks for Grades I–VI published by the Indonesian Ministry of Education in 2023. This study employs qualitative content analysis of Indonesian language textbooks for elementary schools under the Merdeka Curriculum. Data were collected through document analysis using rubrics, checklists, and BSNP-based indicators. The analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s model, with validation ensured through triangulation and peer discussion. The findings indicate that literary texts are presented in various forms, including prose (fiction and nonfiction) and poetry, with realistic fiction being the most dominant genre across all grades. Lower-grade textbooks primarily feature realistic fiction and fables, while upper-grade textbooks increasingly include nonfiction texts. The alignment between literary content and learning outcomes is reflected in the variety of genres and topics relevant to students’ developmental and social contexts. These results highlight the importance of designing textbooks that not only support language skills but also foster literary appreciation and character development through contextual and meaningful texts. The study's outcomes are expected to contribute to the development of more effective and engaging Indonesian language textbooks, ultimately enhancing the quality of literacy education in Indonesian elementary schools.

Abstract: Orientation: In her 2024 study, the researcher, C.S., applied a process of manual qualitative data analysis on data from different scientific fields and did not want to take risk by using AI (artificial intelligence) or CAQDAS (computer-assisted qualitative data analysis systems) analysing this complex data, as human intervention was required to fully comprehend all nuances of the reasons for survival. Research purpose: The study aimed to as certain whether a manual method of data analysis incorporating the techniques and methods of well-known scholars was still feasible and would yield usable results. Motivation for the study: The study had to find a substitute way to analyse data, contradictory to the current popular trend of AI analysis, as businesses surviving the COVID-19 pandemic, had to be analysed from a human perspective. The data that had to be analysed were spanning various scientific fields, facts and emotions. Research design, approach and method: The empirical part of this qualitative exploratory study consisted of 16 face-to-face semi-structured interviews with successful small-, medium- and micro- enterprise (SMME) owners from the Western Cape in South Africa and used snowball sampling. Main findings: A framework for SMME survival was developed using this manual data analysis method. Practical/managerial implications: This study indicated that it is still possible to utilise a manual method for complex data analysis when a human perspective is required. Contribution/value-add: It was proven that CAQDAS programmes or AI-generated software are not the only solutions for analysing complex qualitative data.

BackgroundPre-prepared dishes contain fats/oils, high protein, and complex seasonings, making sterol detection difficult due to multiple components and matrix interference. Given the market’s analytical challenges, detecting sterols—key functional components affecting nutritional value—is practically vital. This study aims to develop a sensitive, selective GC–MS method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative multi-component sterol analysis in pre-prepared dishes and to examine their compositional traits.MethodsAfter saponification treatment, the sample undergoes ultrapure water-assisted dispersion and n-hexane extraction. The extract is dried and subjected to derivatization reaction. The derivative is redissolved and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for qualitative identification, with quantification performed using the internal standard method. This method optimizes sample pretreatment and chromatographic separation conditions, enhancing detection efficiency and separation effectiveness.ResultsThe six target sterol compounds exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 1.0–100.0 μg/mL (correlation coefficients ≥0.99). The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.05–5.0 mg/100 g and 0.165–16.5 mg/100 g, respectively. At low, medium, and high spiked concentrations, the average recoveries ranged from 87.0 to 106%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 6) of 0.99–9.00%. Application of this method to analyze actual pre-prepared dish samples revealed significant variations in cholesterol content among different dish categories, with meat ingredients playing a dominant role. The sterol composition exhibited marked diversity: ergosterol was not detected in pre-prepared dishes, while β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol constituted the major components. Notable differences in sterol content and composition were observed across different categories of pre-prepared dishes, further confirming the impact of various meat raw materials and processing technologies on sterol levels.ConclusionThe GC–MS analytical method established in this study has been validated to demonstrate excellent reliability and applicability, providing an efficient analytical tool for precise detection of multi-component sterols in pre-prepared dishes. This method supports quality control and nutritional value assessment in the pre-prepared dish industry, facilitating product labeling standardization and informed consumer choices.

This study discusses the practice of tender rigging in the procurement of Cryo-Electron Microscope (Cryo-EM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) at BRIN based on Case Decision Number 02/KPPU-L/2024. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of tender rigging violations that violate the provisions of Article 22 of Law No. 5 of 1999 and examine its impact on business competition, business actors, the state, and research development in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical with a statute approach and a case approach with qualitative data analysis methods. The results of the study indicate the existence of vertical collusion between the tender committee, namely the Working Group and the PPK with business actors, namely PT Buana Prima Raya as the tender winner and PT Multi Teknindo Infotronika as the sole agent for the product. The tender rigging was characterized by the arrangement of technical specifications that favored certain brands, discrimination by unilaterally withdrawing support from PT Transformasi Sejahtera Indonesia as the lowest bidder, and the increase in procurement and contract prices without going through a transparent competition mechanism. The resulting impacts included the creation of artificial competition, state financial losses, hampered innovation in the research sector, and a decline in national competitiveness in mastering high technology. This research emphasizes the need for strict oversight and a fair resolution mechanism so that the tender system in Indonesia can operate transparently and accountably.

Australian rural nurses' experiences of the implementation and impact of HIRAID® emergency nursing framework on nursing practice. A qualitative study.

The issue of compensation for the installation of electricity poles on community land in Jambi City is a serious concern, because until now there has been no adequate compensation from PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Jambi. Residents who own land are questioning their rights regarding the use of private assets for public interests and settlement mechanisms in accordance with regulations. This ambiguity has the potential to cause dissatisfaction, so a solution needs to be found immediately to fulfill community rights. This study uses a socio-legal research approach with an activity plan of three months so that the scope or object of the study is the implementation of compensation due to the installation of electricity poles on community land in Jambi City. For this reason, the main materials and tools are direct research in the Jambi City community and secondary data are books and Law Number 30 of 2009 concerning Electricity. The data collection technique is in the form of interviews so that the data analysis uses qualitative analysis methods. The results of this study are that the regulation of compensation due to the installation of electricity poles on community land has been regulated in Article 30 of Law Number 30 of 2009 concerning Electricity and the implementation of compensation due to the installation of electricity poles on community land in Jambi City has not been implemented compensation to the people of Jambi City related to their land used for the installation of electricity poles by PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Jambi.

The rise in cases of violence against children in Jambi City is a concerning issue, deeply rooted in family dysfunction, economic pressure, and poor parenting. This phenomenon demands serious attention and comprehensive efforts involving firm law enforcement, strengthening family resilience through various support programs, increasing public awareness through ongoing education, and implementing effective early intervention. This study seeks to delve deeper into the root causes of this violence, identify the most relevant countermeasures, and analyze the various obstacles that hinder response efforts. By utilizing primary and secondary data, and applying in-depth qualitative analysis methods at the Jambi City Women and Children Protection Office, this study is expected to provide constructive recommendations to protect children from all forms of violence. The results indicate that the increase in violence against children in Jambi City is caused by economic, environmental, cultural, and educational factors. Preventive efforts include vitamin programs, outreach, and law enforcement, but obstacles such as family shame and a lack of resources remain.

The study focused on nurses' familiarity with, beliefs about, and attitudes towards artificial intelligence, aiming to identify configurations of necessary and sufficient conditions associated with strong intentions to use artificial intelligence-based health technologies in their clinical practice. Cross-sectional survey conducted online from mid-October 2023 through early February 2024. The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method was employed to analyse the survey data. 307 members of the professional order of nurses in Québec province, Canada. Findings from the qualitative comparative analysis show that strong intentions to use artificial intelligence are only observed when nurses perceive artificial intelligence to have a high impactfulness on their future clinical practice (necessary condition). Moreover, we observe three configurations of sufficient conditions, that is, three combinations (artificial intelligence profiles) of familiarity with, belief about, trust in, and perceived impactfulness of artificial intelligence. Current curriculum efforts have centred on defining artificial intelligence competencies, yet competency alone does not guarantee a willingness to adopt artificial intelligence tools. Our findings indicate that a positive attitude towards artificial intelligence's potential impact is crucial, with various profiles supporting intentions to adopt artificial intelligence. These findings suggest that nurses' preparation should go beyond developing artificial intelligence competencies and that nursing educators and trainers need to account for the different profiles associated with strong intentions to use artificial intelligence technologies. Training programmes and nursing curricula should prioritise shaping nurses' beliefs and attitudes about artificial intelligence rather than focusing solely on technical skills. We contribute to nursing research by showing that a positive attitude towards artificial intelligence's impactfulness on nurses' future clinical practice is a necessary condition for having high intentions to use artificial intelligence technologies. Relevant guidelines have been adhered to by employing recommended qualitative comparative analysis reporting methods. No patient or public contribution.

Background/Objectives: Occlusal analysis is an important component of oral rehabilitation with a determining role in the prognosis of restorations. Over time, several qualitative and quantitative occlusal analysis methods have been proposed, starting with occlusion wax up to the most advanced digital systems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the data obtained through dental occlusion analysis using the Medit i700 and Exocad Elefsina v3.2 in a group of subjects, in order to establish the reliability or compatibility between the two occlusal analysis systems. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 subjects, aged between 24 and 53 years, who presented in the Dental Prosthetics Clinic of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova. Digital impressions were acquired using the Medit Link v.3.3.6 intraoral scanner, and the digital files were subsequently uploaded from the Medit i700 into the Medit Occlusion Analyzer application and the Dental CAD Exocad software. For the analysis of occlusion in dynamics, mandibular movements and data acquisition, positions of edge-to-edge in protrusion, edge-to-edge in right laterotrusion and edge-to-edge in left laterotrusion were recorded, using the corresponding print screens. The 2D occlusal contact images generated by the two software programs were converted into .jpeg format and subsequently imported into Adobe Photoshop CS6 (2021) for comparative analysis. The data were statistically processed for each software used and the obtained data were subsequently compared. Results: The occlusal surfaces recorded with the Medit Occlusion Analyzer application represent 94% of the occlusal surfaces recorded with the Exocad software for the maxilla and 90% of the occlusal surfaces recorded for the mandible. In maximum intercuspation, the highest values were recorded by the Medit i700 software, whereas in edge-to-edge protrusion and both right and left edge-to-edge laterotrusion positions, the highest values were reported by the Exocad software. The discrepancy between maxillary and mandibular values arises from the conversion of the data from a three-dimensional to a two-dimensional format during image processing. Conclusions: The occlusal areas recorded by the DentalCAD Exocad software show higher values than those provided by the Medit Link software with the Medit Occlusion Analyzer application. The differences in recorded values, in the case of the digital flow of prosthetic restorations, require the intervention of the dentist to perform clinical adjustments to optimize occlusal relationships after the fabrication and cementation of restorations.

The paper analyzes ways in which women are portrayed in the sports advertisement "Nike: What will they say about you?" and how that relates to stereotypes and representation of women in a broader sociological context. This is achieved by considering social trends through the prism of commodification and contemporary consumerism. For this purpose, the qualitative method of narrative analysis was used. Thus, the paper explores advertising segments in detail through linguistic, visual, and symbolic categories, which are then interpreted within the social discourse and gender and religious stereotypes. Women portrayed in said commercial are shown in different sports, situations, and conditions that require a lot of sacrifice, while the female appearance, in this case, is not the subject of attention. This discourse is therefore, in the context in which it is analyzed, an example of a refreshingly positive media advertising practice

Law No.8 Standard clauses, as part of standard contracts often used in business transactions, have significant implications for both parties, namely businesses and consumers.This study aims to analyze how standard clauses in the law affect consumer protection and business liability.Through a qualitative analysis method, it is found that standard clauses often benefit businesses but can harm consumers if not properly regulated.Therefore, effective law enforcement and consumer education are needed to address this imbalance and ensure fairness in transactions.

The Prohibition of Demeaning Others in Surah Al-Hujurat Verse 11: A Study of Al-Baghawi's Interpretation] Surah al-Hujurāt verse 11 contains a prohibition against belittling others, which reflects the basic values ​​of Islamic social ethics. This study attempts to explore the meaning of this verse through an examination of al-Baghawi's Maʿālim al-Tanzīl, which represents the classical interpretation of the Sunni tradition. Using a qualitative approach and content analysis methods, this study examines the linguistic, theological, and social aspects surrounding this prohibition from al-Baghawi's perspective. The results of the analysis indicate that the acts of mocking, ridiculing, and giving demeaning titles are understood as violations of intersubjective ethics and threats to the moral order of the community. Al-Baghawi's interpretation emphasizes the importance of maintaining individual self-esteem and social stability through control over speech and attitudes. This finding confirms that the moral message in the verse remains relevant in building just and inclusive social relations, especially in the context of a pluralistic and dynamic society

This study examines the customary rule prohibiting marriage with the former wife of a fellow martial arts member within the Silek Tuo school in Kenagarian Paninggahan, Junjung Sirih District, Solok Regency. The objectives of this research are to analyze the prohibition of such marriages within the Silek Tuo tradition, to identify the underlying factors contributing to this prohibition and the resulting sanctions, and to assess the practice from the perspective of Islamic law (fiqh).To achieve these objectives, this study employs a field research design using a socio-legal approach and qualitative analysis methods. The findings of the research indicate to following. First, the prohibition of marriage with the former wife of a fellow martial arts member in the Silek Tuo school is perceived as equivalent to the prohibition of marrying within the same clan (suku). In Minangkabau culture, intra-clan marriages are strictly forbidden. Individuals who violate this rule are subject to severe customary sanctions, including social ostracism, exclusion from the extended family, and being symbolically expelled from the community. Second, the factors underlying the prohibition and the imposition of sanctions are rooted in the concept of salimau. Once individuals share the bond of salimau, they are considered badunsanak that is, kin or people of the same bloodline. The preservation of this salimau relationship serves as a cultural mechanism to maintain a sense of spiritual and familial unity (dunsanak sedarah or sanak sebatin).Third, from the perspective of Islamic law, the practice of prohibiting marriage with the former wife of a fellow martial arts member falls under the category of al-‘urf al-fāsid (corrupt custom), as it contradicts the explicit texts (nass) and fundamental principles of sharī‘ah. Therefore, this prohibition, as practiced within the Silek Tuo school, is inconsistent with Islamic legal teachings.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, the role of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) applications within digital learning communities has become increasingly significant. Enhancing the level of knowledge innovation through the integration of human and artificial intelligence has emerged as a critical issue. Grounded in social cognitive theory, this study utilizes a sample of 407 Super Star Learn community learners as a case study. It applies the Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method to investigate the synergistic effects of technological environment, cultural context, and individual cognitive factors in promoting learners’ knowledge innovation capabilities. The results show the following: (1) No single condition constitutes a prerequisite for learners to achieve high-level knowledge innovation when acting in isolation. However, enhancing technical capabilities has a relatively universal impact on promoting learners to achieve these results. (2) The multiple concurrency of the technological environment, cultural environment, and individual cognitive conditions has generated multiple configuration patterns that promote knowledge innovation, indicating that the paths leading to learners’ high-level innovation exhibit the characteristic of numerous concurrency. Therefore, it is suggested that digital learning communities actively explore new paths for sustainable knowledge innovation and development driven by generative artificial intelligence technology, thereby injecting sustainable impetus into the development and innovation process of learners, contributing to the goals of sustainable education.

This study critically examines the dialectics, legality, and urgency of criminal punishment within the context of Indonesian criminal law. Using a normative juridical approach and qualitative analysis method, the research explores the development of criminal law thought in Indonesia, highlighting the limitations of the principle of legality in its application, and evaluating the urgency of using punishment as a means of social reform. The findings reveal that the development of criminal law in Indonesia demonstrates a dialectical relationship between morality, justice, and formal legality. The legalistic approach emphasizes legal certainty and strict interpretation of the rules, while the contextual approach prioritizes substantive justice by taking into account social and humanitarian factors. The principle of legality remains a fundamental tenet that protects individuals from abuse of power by requiring criminal laws to be clear, firm, and non-retroactive, serving as the foundation for the protection of human rights and the rule of law. However, the dynamics of modern crime and technological advancement often cause legal regulations to lag behind, posing challenges in law enforcement and creating potential ambiguity in application. In this context, the urgency of criminal punishment lies not only in the imposition of sanctions as retribution but also as an effort toward prevention and rehabilitation to maintain order, provide a deterrent effect, and protect society. Therefore, a balance is needed between legal certainty and flexibility in the application of criminal law to effectively and fairly respond to social changes. This includes more humane law enforcement, the strengthening of customary law, and education and training for law enforcement officers to carry out their duties inclusively and adaptively in a complex and pluralistic society.

Based on the strategy tripod theory, this article employs methods of necessary condition analysis and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the influencing factors and complex causal pathways of tourism enterprises’ low-carbon transition. The results indicate that low-carbon regulation within the institutional environment is a necessary condition for the low-carbon transition and represents a bottleneck. Five distinct models of low-carbon transition for tourism enterprises are identified: leveraging resources and institutions, leveraging integration capability and low-carbon regulation, leveraging low-carbon regulation alone, leveraging resources alone, and leveraging integration capability and ecological environment. This article elucidates the conjunctive, asymmetric, and equivalent causal mechanisms of the tourism enterprises’ low-carbon transition, thereby expanding and deepening the theoretical knowledge system of the strategy tripod and micro low-carbon tourism research.

Al-Azhar University, Egypt, presents a model of Islamic education that is moderate and holistic, relevant in addressing the challenges of modernity, radicalism, and the integration of Islamic tradition with scientific progress. This study identifies a gap in the previous literature, which generally partially discusses Islamic education in Egypt, focusing on the history of Al-Azhar or primary education, without comprehensively analysing the integration of traditional and modern values, system structure, and state policies. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilising data collection techniques through literature review and document analysis of scholarly journals, academic books, and official reports from the Ministry of Education and Al-Azhar University. Data analysis is conducted using qualitative content analysis methods, which include stages of collection, filtering, coding, categorisation, synthesis, and triangulation. The results show that the Islamic education system in Egypt has successfully integrated religious and general knowledge through a moderate and inclusive curriculum, supported by government policies such as the Al-Azhar Law of 1961 and the 2014 curriculum reform. However, educational access inequality, limited technological infrastructure, and conservative resistance continue to hinder comprehensive reform efforts. In conclusion, these findings offer important lessons for developing Islamic education in Indonesia and other Muslim countries.

This study examines the beauty and function of majaz and kinayah styles in the texts of the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ through a qualitative approach and content analysis method. The main focus is to understand how the majaz and kinayah styles not only beautify the delivery of the message, but also deepen the moral, spiritual, and ethical meanings contained in the hadiths. The research method used is qualitative with a content analysis approach. Data collection was conducted through literature review using documentation techniques, while data analysis followed the stages of reduction, presentation, and descriptive-qualitative conclusion drawing. The research findings indicate that majaz serves as a symbolic and poetic tool that facilitates the understanding of abstract messages, such as the depiction of Allah's closeness to His servants and the dynamic nature of the heart. Meanwhile, kinayah is used to convey implied meanings through subtle satire or metaphor, reinforcing Islamic teachings such as steadfastness in adhering to the Sunnah and kindness toward women. The use of majaz and kinayah in hadiths demonstrates the linguistic sophistication of the Prophet ﷺ and requires contextual understanding to avoid erroneous literal interpretations. This research makes an important contribution to enriching linguistic and religious understanding, while also serving as a foundation for further scientific studies in the fields of balaghah and hadith studies.

Introduction: Sanskrit is a classical language that belongs to the Indo-Aryan group of the Indo-European language family. It is an ancient language and started being used in South Asia about 3,500 years ago. It is a classical and sacred language used in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. Objectives: The main goals of this paper are to look into how useful and applicable the Sanskrit language is in the 21st century; to explore the difficulties that the Sanskrit language is facing in the 21st century; and to find out the different government policies that aim to bring back the use of Sanskrit in the 21st century. Methodology: The research used secondary data, which was gathered from government reports, international publications, research papers, published articles, and online resources. A variety of qualitative analysis methods were applied to understand the different ways Sanskrit is being used and its importance in specific contexts. Findings: Sanskrit is important for several reasons, such as its role in Indian culture, the way it has influenced other languages, and its use in science and philosophy. It is the main language for Indian classical art, music, dance, literature, and religion. It helps us understand India's rich history and gives a special view into the country's intellectual past. It is the sacred language of Hinduism and is also used in Buddhism and Jainism. Sanskrit has had a big effect on languages in South, Southeast, and East Asia, especially in official and academic settings. It is famous for its grammar and sentence structure, which make it great for building intellectual and language skills. Even though Sanskrit is called a dead language because no one speaks it as their main language, it was once important in ancient India, where knowing it showed someone's social class and level of education. Conclusion: Sanskrit is important in Indian culture because it is used a lot in religious texts, especially in Hinduism, and most of the modern Indian languages come from Sanskrit. Some of the challenges in teaching Sanskrit include not enough teaching materials, few teachers, and not enough digital resources.

This research investigated aspects that affect parental participation in enhancing school administrative practices in government-run primary schools in Kahama Municipality, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania. The study employed pragmatic philosophy, a method approach, and a convergent research design. The study used questionnaires and interviews as its data collection methods. One hundred and fifty-three individuals (153), who consist of parents, teachers, and head teachers, were selected through the use of purposive, convenience, and simple random sampling as the study’s sample. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis for qualitative data and descriptive analysis methods for quantitative data, which were facilitated by SPSS version 20. The study found the following factors to be significant and contribute to parental participation: effective parent-teacher communication, supportive educational policies, parental beliefs and expectations about teachers, and the availability of timely feedback from the school management. Conversely, several barriers to active parental engagement were identified, including socioeconomic factors, political factors, time, and barriers in communication. The study concludes that more systematic attempts to address the obstacles and enhance the enhancing issues are required. The research recommended that the school management should equip teachers with customer service skills so as to address the needs of parents with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds.