Qualitative Analysis Method Research Articles

This study investigates the multifaceted dimensions of Hajj, the Islamic pilgrimage, which is not only a fundamental religious obligation but also a transformative spiritual journey with deep personal and communal significance. While Hajj is well-established in Islamic jurisprudence as one of the five pillars of Islam, this research identifies a gap in understanding its broader impacts beyond the legal framework. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the educational, spiritual, social, and psychological effects of Hajj, particularly among Iraqi pilgrims. Employing a qualitative analytical method, the study draws upon classical Islamic sources, contemporary literature, and testimonies from Iraqi pilgrims to explore the lived experience of Hajj. The findings are organized into four thematic dimensions. The first addresses the legal foundation of Hajj, including its legitimacy, types, and essential rulings. The second highlights the spiritual and moral impacts, such as enhanced self-discipline, deeper faith, and increased humility. The third focuses on social and cultural benefits, including the promotion of Muslim unity, intergroup tolerance, and the sharing of diverse experiences. The fourth examines psychological effects, such as emotional healing, inner peace, and the profound feeling of divine connection and repentance. This research concludes that Hajj transcends its ritualistic form to become a life-changing experience that reshapes a believer’s relationship with God, self, and society. The study contributes to Islamic studies by offering a holistic understanding of Hajj’s role in individual transformation and communal harmony, especially within the context of Iraqi society.

Abstract This study focuses on the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in ethnic minority regions of China, particularly examining the impact of green organic transformation. Given the increasingly severe global environmental issues, there is growing societal demand for sustainability in agriculture and animal husbandry. Ethnic minority regions face unique challenges and opportunities due to their distinct geographical, environmental, and cultural contexts. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate in depth the effects of green organic transformation on the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in these regions. Using panel data from 2013 to 2022, this study measures the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sustainable Development Index (ASDI) in eight ethnic minority provinces. It comprehensively evaluates sustainability from both overall and detailed perspectives. By constructing a panel threshold model, the study further explores the spillover effects of green organic transformation on the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in ethnic minority regions, informing targeted policies and strategies. The research indicates that green organic transformation has significantly positive effects on the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry. We will innovate and extend the agricultural and animal husbandry industry chain, increase training for farmers and herdsmen, improve their feasible ability to make green organic transformation, and build an agricultural and animal husbandry development platform of “cooperatives + markets + farmers.” This supports high-quality development in agriculture and animal husbandry in ethnic minority regions. However, the study has limitations such as the time span and sample size of the data, which may constrain the generalizability of the results. Additionally, further research is needed to deepen the understanding of the specific mechanisms of green organic transformation. Future studies should expand the sample size, increase the length of time series, and integrate qualitative analysis methods to comprehensively understand the intrinsic mechanisms of green organic transformation on the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in ethnic minority regions.

The rapid advancement of communication technology has significantly influenced the way individuals build their personal brand, particularly through visual platforms such as Instagram. Erika Richardo, a young Indonesian painter and content creator, is one example of how personal branding can be developed creatively and consistently in the digital space. This study aims to describe Erika Richardo’s personal branding strategy through her Instagram account @erikarichardo using Peter Montoya’s eight principles of personal branding: specialization, leadership, personality, distinctiveness, visibility, unity, persistence, and goodwill. The research uses a qualitative descriptive content analysis method, with data collected through observation, documentation, and literature review. The findings show that Erika applies all eight principles in shaping her personal brand. She stands out through her artistic focus on unique painting media, consistent content uploads, and inspirational storytelling. Her branding reflects authenticity, leadership in community projects, and a strong connection between her online persona and real-life values. By maintaining consistent visual identity and interacting with her audience, Erika has successfully positioned herself as an inspirational and professional young artist. This research contributes to a broader understanding of how personal branding can be effectively implemented by creative individuals through social media platforms.

Background: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a fruit rich in water and vitamins. One of the ingredients of watermelon is vitamin C which is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant that is able to fight free radicals in the body. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of shelf life and temperature of vitamin C in watermelon using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Methods: The study was conducted using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods with UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 262 nm. The vitamin C stability test was carried out by analyzing standard solutions of 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, and 10 ppm at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes at room temperature and refrigerator temperature. Results: Based on the results of qualitative analysis, the positive sample contained vitamin C and there was a decrease in the absorbance value of vitamin C at room temperature. Conclusion: Vitamin C is unstable at storage time and temperature so the raw solution is made fresh when.

The coupling coordinated development between digital economy and green logistics is of great significance in promoting the integration of Digital China and Beautiful China and realizing the goal of "Double Carbon." For the purpose of clarifying the mechanism of coupling coordinated development between the digital economy and green logistics， this study applied the vertical and horizontal scatter degree method， modified coupling coordination degree model， cold-hot spot analysis， and dynamic aggregated fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis （fsQCA） method to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics and configuration paths of the coupling coordinated development between China's digital economy and green logistics during the period from 2013 to 2021. The findings showed that： ① In terms of temporal change， the development level of China's digital economy and green logistics fluctuated in an upward trend. The coupling coordination degree between the two also had a growth trend， experienced from the verge of dysfunction to barely coordination by stage spanning， but the overall coupling coordination degree was not high. ② In terms of spatial patterns， the coupling coordination degree between digital economy and green logistics showed a distribution pattern of "high in the east and low in the central and western regions." The eastern region was already in a state of primary coordination， while most provinces in the central and western regions were still in a state of dysfunction characterized by a type of lagging digital economy. ③ In terms of spatial correlation， the spatial positive correlation of the coupling coordination degree between digital economy and green logistics was significant. Jiangsu， Shanghai， Zhejiang， and Fujian formed a hotspot area， and the change was relatively stable， while the coldspot area expanded from Inner Mongolia to the northeast towards Heilongjiang and Jilin， gradually covering Shanxi to the south. ④ Three types of configuration models drove the high coupling coordinated development between digital economy and green logistics， which were technology-led， technology-talent synergy， and technology-structure optimization. A comparative analysis of the study period revealed that technological conditions had become more important over time， whereas human capital could form a substitute for technological conditions in regions with a higher degree of advanced industrial structure.

This paper aims to examine the application of maqashid sharia in the field of muamalah jurisprudence, emphasizing the importance of the objectives of sharia in providing normative guidance that can be used to assess and formulate muamalah laws in order to achieve the welfare of the community. This research employs a qualitative analysis method with a literature review approach involving various relevant literary references. The findings reveal that the application of maqashid sharia not only serves to protect property (hifz al-mal) but also to promote social values such as justice, welfare, and the protection of individual rights. Furthermore, this research identifies that the implementation of maqashid sharia in a modern context can enhance public trust in the sharia financial system, as well as provide solutions to issues encountered in current muamalah practices. Keywords : Economic, Fiqh muamalah, Maqashid sharia, Sharia financial system, Social values

This article examines the conflict of values between legal certainty and substantive justice in the application of property law principles in the context of inheritance, with an analysis of the Supreme Court Decision Number 2079 K/Pdt/2024. This research uses a case study method with a juridical-normative approach. The main object of the research is the inheritance dispute case that has received a final and binding decision (inkracht van gewijsde), namely the Supreme Court Decision Number 2079 K/Pdt/2024 concerning a land inheritance dispute in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi. Data collection was conducted through document studies of court decisions, relevant legislation, and scientific literature in the field of property law and inheritance. The collected data was then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods with a legal hermeneutics approach. The research findings indicate a gap between the formal proof system in positive law and traditional land ownership practices, which results in the rejection of inheritance claims without formal evidence, even when supported by a history of ancestral possession. A humanistic approach to resolving inheritance disputes requires a reorientation of legal goals through the harmonization of the proof system that considers the local context and strengthens alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. The article concludes the importance of land law reform that accommodates legal pluralism while still providing legal certainty.

This study investigates the translation of satirical expressions in War Cry, a novel by Wilbur Smith, and its Indonesian version published by Gramedia in 2017. Adopting a qualitative content analysis method, the research identifies, classifies, and analyzes satirical elements specifically irony, sarcasm, and parody using Keraf’s (2006) typology of satire and Molina and Albir’s (2002) framework of translation techniques. A total of 29 satirical expressions were identified from the source text and target text, with irony emerging as the most dominant form (51.72%). Literal translation was the most frequently used technique, especially in rendering irony, suggesting a preference for surface fidelity over functional equivalence. However, this tendency often risks diluting the rhetorical impact of satire, particularly when cultural or ideological nuances are essential. While some interpretive strategies such as amplification, discursive creation, and compensation were applied, their usage was relatively limited. The findings highlight the need for increased contextual sensitivity, rhetorical awareness, and cultural literacy in translating satire, especially when dealing with themes of power, colonialism, and ideological critique. Theoretically, this research contributes to the limited body of knowledge on satire translation in the Indonesian context. Practically, it offers guidance for translators, educators, and publishers to enhance the effectiveness and fidelity of satirical translation across languages and cultures.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the type of sweetener used (xylitol, stevia, cane sugar) on the quality of liqueurs made from Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium corymbosum L. fruits. The quality assessment was performed based on selected organoleptic and physicochemical features, with particular emphasis on the health-promoting potential of the produced beverages. The liqueurs were assessed in terms of their physicochemical parameters: pH, total acidity, density, total soluble solids, color, ethanol and polyphenol contents, and redox potential. Antioxidant capacities were determined by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The Qualitative Descriptive Analysis method was employed for their sensory assessment. The sensory profiling method was used to determine the intensity of the flavor sensations. The study results showed that the type of sweetener did not affect the antioxidative properties of the liqueur. The ABTS test yielded values from 1081.88 to 1238.13 μmol Tx/100 mL, the DPPH test from 348.8 to 367.88 μmol Tx/100 mL, and the FRAP test from 594.20 to 653.20 μmol FeSO4/100 mL. However, the sweetening substrate affected the content of polyphenolic compounds in the resulting products, but by no more than 15%. The liqueur sweetened with xylitol had a comparable extract content to that sweetened with cane sugar. All three variants of liqueurs were accepted by the evaluation panel, and their overall qualities were comparable in the sensory assessment. It is, therefore, possible to produce a high-quality liqueur with a reduced caloric value, which will potentially increase its attractiveness for consumers.

This study examines the creative content ideas on Instagram @cretivox in maintaining its existence as a creative media amid the increasingly competitive digital industry. The problem addressed in this research is how the creative ideas implemented in the content of Instagram @cretivox contribute to sustaining Cretivox's existence as a creative media. The purpose of this research is to analyze the creative elements used in Cretivox’s content and to understand the role of content in building engagement with the audience. This study uses a qualitative approach with a qualitative content analysis method. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results show that Cretivox consistently applies creative content ideas that reflect the four functions of media according to Denis McQuail: information, correlation, continuity, and entertainment. This implementation is evident through the use of hashtags as brand identity, engaging visuals, a distinctive tone of voice, and relevant content themes that contribute to building strong brand positioning and maintaining its existence as a creative media platform.

This study aims to assess the impacts on the environment from the construction sector in the territory of the municipality of Tirana, Albania, as a consequence of planning that has been subjected to the territory, accompanied by negative interference from temporary or continuous human actions. The results obtained from this study are based on the method of qualitative and quantitative analysis. For the period 2017-2023 according to the Institute of Statistics of Albania, 2464 construction permits were approved in Tirana region, while for the period 2015-2023 according to the National Environmental Agency of Albania, 2015 projects with an impact on the environment were approved in Tirana region, of which 1491 only in Tirana municipality, mainly in the construction sector. The Municipality of Tirana, as a result of territorial planning at the national level, ranks with the highest number of impacts on the environment, as a result of the construction sector.

During approximately one year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the obligation to carry out the 3M health protocol formed many new habits. This new habit brings everyone to the new normal era, where things that were previously rarely done become mandatory to be implemented. Both modern and traditional markets are obliged to facilitate visitors to still be able to obey health protocols. However, compared to modern markets, traditional market managers tend to be less able to provide facilities that can support the implementation of health protocols, especially in terms of building design. This study aims to find solutions for adapting traditional market designs in the new normal era. It is hoped that this research can be useful as a design reference for planning or developing traditional markets in the face of the new normal era. The research method used is a qualitative analysis method with research results in the form of adapting traditional market building designs in the new normal era by referring to six design characteristics that are adapted to health protocols, namely having lots of air ventilation, circular market stall layout, one-way circulation system, and expanding the entrance area as a starting point for screening. Futhermore responding to pandemic conditions, efforts to support social interaction as one of the attractions for shopping at traditional markets can be done by placing acrylic barriers, open spaces, and areas for drive thru.

Carbon emissions from land use account for a significant portion of anthropogenic carbon emissions. As an important policy instrument for regulating land use, spatial planning can shape future land patterns, thereby influencing human activities and associated carbon emissions. This review presents a scientometric analysis of important articles between 2000 and 2024 on the impacts of land use and spatial planning on carbon emissions, and it summarizes the key research topics, methods, and main consensus. Scientometric and qualitative analysis methods were used. The results showed the following: (1) The number of articles published reveals an increasing trend, especially after 2009, with China, the USA, and England paying more attention to it. (2) Studies mainly focus on four key research topics: the impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC) on carbon stocks, the relationship between land use structure/spatial form and carbon emissions, and the paths and schemes for low-carbon spatial planning. (3) Studies usually use upscale, homoscale, and downscale routes to correlate carbon emissions to land and then use comparative analysis, regression analysis, spatial analysis, and scenario simulation methods to conduct further analyses. (4) Studies have yielded some consensus: human land use can influence carbon emissions through LULCC, land use structure and spatial form, and spatial planning can reduce carbon emissions. In conclusion, this paper proposes that future research could be deepened in the following aspects: introducing land property rights and spatial planning management systems as research preconditions; exploring the sensitivity of carbon emissions from human activities to land space; strengthening research on low-carbon planning at medium- and long-term time scales and micro- and meso-spatial scales.

Based on the theoretical foundation of financial risk management, this study analyzes the key risk characteristics in the financing processes of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and explores the application of financial risk management tools and techniques in risk identification, early warning monitoring, and risk hedging. The introduction of qualitative analysis methods and quantitative modeling techniques improves the scientific basis of risk assessment; the construction of an early warning indicator system integrated with big data and artificial intelligence enhances real-time monitoring and accuracy; credit guarantees, insurance mechanisms, and financial derivatives are introduced to effectively strengthen risk transfer capabilities. The results show that a systematic financial risk management framework can significantly reduce credit, market, and operational risks in SME financing.

This study aims to analyze how the progress of economic cooperation carried out by Indonesia and Japan in the study of the development of Toyota brand car manufacturing coming from Japan. With the initial goal of only making Indonesia a market, now Toyota is giving a share to Indonesia so that it can produce cars that are sent domestically and abroad. The preliminary question of this study is what factors made Toyota then entrust all directions of its production to Indonesia? Meanwhile, the main research question of this study is what is the impact of the increase in capacity carried out by Toyota Global for the capabilities of the Indonesian industry and the economic improvements that can be felt by the Indonesian people. This research method is a qualitative analysis method using case studies, in this case economic cooperation between Indonesia and Japan in the development of capacity building at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia. The main data collection method uses a literature study technique collected from books, articles and other sources, also using a field method where the author directly examines what has been running at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia.

Machine translation, as one of the important functions of artificial intelligence, plays an increasingly important role in cross-linguistic communication. The paper is meant to evaluate the performance of domestic up-and-coming AI mod-els in English-Chinese mutual translation tasks in order to analyze their func-tions and effects comparatively and explore strategies to improve the quality of AI translation in the process of both 2 languages. Based on the literature review in the first section, we put forward the hypothesis that there are certain defi-ciencies in AI translation tasks, and that different types of errors will be pro-duced depending on the target language. We will use both quantitative and qual-itative analysis methods, combined with example analysis and the application of the BLEU model, to evaluate the AI translation output in terms of several di-mensions. We also point out the limitations of the study and discuss the main problems of AI translation and propose targeted enhancement strategies in the conclusion part.

Aim. Effective communication between all actors supports the optimal development of the child, his/her academic progress and social integration. This article analyses the importance of cooperation between parents, teachers and students in the school environment and emphasises its key role in the educational process. The study identifies the main barriers to communication, regional differences in parental involvement and success factors in successful schools. Methods. The research combines quantitative and qualitative methods for a comprehensive analysis of the level of cooperation between parents and schools at secondary school level in different regions of the Czech Republic. ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis were used for statistical data processing, which allowed identifying key predictors of parental involvement. Results. The results confirm that socioeconomic factors significantly influence the level of cooperation, with the lowest parental involvement being recorded in economically weaker regions, which corresponds to international research, including the PISA study. Data analysis shows that the implementation of modern technologies by the school increases the level of parental involvement by 12% beyond sociodemographic factors. Conclusion. The article offers practical recommendations for improving cooperation between school and family and emphasises the need for targeted strategies that take into account the diverse needs of all actors in the educational process.

ABSTRACT Community engagement programmes aim to promote inclusive development, address marginalization, and enhance social equity, especially in contexts with historical inequalities. However, their outcomes vary from case to case. This study explores the perceptions of members and key informants of the benefits and barriers of community engagement programmes in Bheri municipality, Jajarkot District, Nepal. Primary data were collected through 14 interviews with key informants and a semi-structured questionnaire survey of 448 households. Perceptions of the benefits and barriers of community engagement were obtained by ranking participants’ level of agreement on the benefits of community engagement, with elite capture, insufficient monitoring, and lack of expertise as possible barriers. The author employed critical phenomenological methods for qualitative data analysis and descriptive analysis tools for quantitative data. The interviews with key informants indicated that the community engagement programmes are beneficial for community group members, providing them with access to expert services, financial and material subsidies, entrepreneurial skills, inspiration, and health education. However, perceptions of the benefits of engagement were found to be unequal among community members, with barriers such as elite capture, insufficient monitoring, and lack of expertise perceived to be embedded in community engagement programmes. Enhancing the benefits of these programmes requires the mitigation of barriers and the increased awareness and understanding of community members.

This study explores the role of sustainability reporting based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) in disclosing the social responsibility of the Bengkulu Provincial Government, a region with relatively low welfare levels. Using a qualitative approach and content analysis method on official government documents, the study assesses the extent to which GRI standards are used to reflect transparent and accountable governance practices. The findings reveal that although some GRI principles have been applied, disclosures remain limited, particularly in areas such as the protection of non-civil servant labor, non-discrimination principles, and accessibility of reports to the public. The study emphasizes the importance of a systematic reporting framework in the public sector and suggests strengthening regional institutional capacity and national policies that promote comprehensive GRI implementation. By offering a perspective from the public sector in underdeveloped regions, this research contributes to the literature on sustainability reporting and opens the door for future comparative studies across provinces and mixed-method approaches.

Toys are commonly used as educational tools for children. Beyond supporting their pedagogical development, children also explore and make sense of their environment through play and toys. The use of toys in education has become increasingly widespread over time, as they help foster skills such as exploration, inquiry, collaboration, and understanding cause-and-effect relationships. Activities like toy-making further contribute to the development of engineering-related skills in children, which are integral to the widely adopted STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a STEM-based instructional approach supported by toy design on 6th-grade students’ analogical reasoning, problem-solving, and engineering design skills within the context of support and movement systems. The study group consisted of 28 6th-grade middle school students. The topic was selected based on the 2018 Turkish Science Curriculum. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The quantitative phase utilized a one-group pre-test/post-test experimental design, while the qualitative phase involved content analysis of students’ design products. Data were collected using the Analogical Reasoning Test, the Problem-Solving Skills Questionnaire, and the Engineering Design Rubric. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were applied. The findings showed that toy design activities related to support and movement systems significantly improved students’ analogical reasoning, problem-solving abilities, and engineering design skills.