Qualitative Analysis Method Research Articles

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the global hotel industry. In early 2020, the occupancy rate of high-end hotels in China dropped by more than 50%. In Shandong Province, the revenue loss exceeded 60%, which raised urgent questions about post-pandemic recovery. This study explores how the combination of operations and financial conditions affects the survival or decline of hotels. Drawing on Lipset's theory of institutional collapse and economic recession. Methodology We conducted a study of 20 high-end hotels in Shandong Province using the clear set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) method. Four variables—average room rate index (ARI), contribution to operating profit (CTP), total operating profit margin (GOP), and revenue generation index (RGI)—were transformed into binary sets to determine causal relationship patterns. Results The research results reveal three empirical models for economic survival and five models for decline. No single factor is indispensable. Resilient hotels typically combine high operating profit margins with favorable pricing or revenue generation, while unbalanced financial structures increase the risk of decline. Discussion This study contributes to the research on crisis recovery. It depicts the path of resilience and demonstrates the value of the conditional qualitative analysis (csQCA) method in capturing the complex and interrelated operating conditions of hotels in extreme disruptions.

ABSTRACT As language teacher educators, we studied how teachers in April's English as a Second Language (ESL) graduate‐level assessment course for practicing teachers planned to talk with families about ESL identification, including home language surveys (HLS). We studied how 30 mostly in‐service teachers planned to reassure families they had students' “best interest in mind,” a phrase problematic for its paternalistic overtones. We examined how teachers' underlying worldviews, or “figured worlds,” were present in their plans for parent conferences. We used qualitative and discourse analytic methods to explore: How do teachers consider students' best interest when planning family HLS conferences? What figured worlds are suggested in two focal teachers' plans to tell multilingual families that teachers have students' best interest in mind? We found teachers sometimes understood that not only teachers but families also wanted students' best interest. Additionally, teachers thought that if they reassured families and gave them information about ESL, then families would want ESL services. We closely examined two focal cases, illustrating how figured worlds shaped teachers' views of “best interest.” This study emphasized that educators need to hear from families how they view their students' interests and engage together in meaningful dialogue about ESL services.

This study aims to analyze the potential utilization and economic valuation of mangrove forest ecosystems. This study was conducted in Manyampa Village, Ujung Loe District, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling method, involving 20 pond fish farmers, 20 crab catchers, and 20 tourists. The study employed both descriptive quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. This study indicates that the mangrove forest in Manyampa Village covers 27 hectares; however, only 7 hectares are currently utilized. Direct benefits such as mangrove fruits, wood products, and protective functions against abrasion, storm surges, and saltwater intrusion. Indirect benefits such as fish-shrimp-crab habitat, nutrient sources, environmental education, and ecotourism. The direct benefit value of the economic valuation of the mangrove ecosystem is IDR 4,562,963,185.00 per hectare per year. The indirect benefit value from milkfish (bandeng) cultivation in ponds is estimated at IDR 741,925,000.00 per hectare per year, and the value of coastal fishermen's catch is IDR 11,910,000.00 per hectare per year. The economic value of ecotourism in the mangrove forest ecosystem is estimated at IDR 89,250,000 per hectare per year. The mangrove forest ecosystem in Manyampa Village has an estimated economic value of IDR 5,406,048,185 per hectare per year. Given the total area of 27 hectares, the overall annual economic value of the mangrove forest is approximately IDR 145,963,300,995.

Agritourism is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of sustainable rural development and economic diversification. The aim of the article is to study agritourism as a factor of sustainable rural development and to identify key conditions for its effective implementation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, including statistical data analysis, comparative analysis of international practices, and evaluation of agritourism support programs. The results demonstrate that agritourism contributes to employment growth, reduction of rural-urban migration, preservation of cultural heritage, and diversification of rural economies. Global experience confirms the steady growth of the sector-up to 6% annually-supported by state incentives and local community involvement. In Kazakhstan, agritourism is recognized as a promising direction, though its development is hindered by the absence of a regulatory framework, low motivation among farmers, and weak government coordination. The conclusion emphasizes the need for legal regulation, financing of infrastructure, and implementation of regional support programs as strategic steps for sustainable rural development through agritourism.

Recent updates in choroidal imaging biomarkers.

This paper examines the potential application of the Shona belief system in Njuzu (marine spirits) for the conservation of wetlands and the surrounding indigenous forests. Studies emerging from Africa highlight extensively how evil and mythical the belief in Njuzu's existence is. Yet, little has been done in examining how the belief in Njuzu can be beneficial in safeguarding Zimbabwe’s natural resources if it is combined with scientific methods for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change, especially in the preservation of water resources and forests. This paper will briefly explain what Njuzu belief (marine spirits) is all about. It then identifies ways in which indigenous knowledge systems emerging from marine spirits can be merged with scientific knowledge to scale up resilience to climate change. The research uses a qualitative content analysis method to unpack existing IKS literature and scientific mitigating methods literature on pollution, forestation, safeguard against wetlands destruction and find how if merged can be essential in the fight against climate change.

Purpose. To establish the prerequisites and justify the directions of change in the soft and hard skills of human resources of the global maritime industry and to identify the current tasks of forming the skills of Ukrainian seafarers. Methodology. The data analysis method indicated that Ukrainian seafarers form a significant share of the command staff of the merchant fleets of the EU. Logical analysis has shown that this not only demonstrates the success of Ukrainian maritime education, but is also a factor in the country’s loss of human capital. The qualitative analysis method confirmed the break in the trend of diversification of work functions and competencies of seafarers (WFCS). The comparative analysis method allowed identifying the features of the formation of skills of Ukrainian seafarers Findings. The need to take into account the rate of change in seafarers’ skills and the need to coordinate it with the rate of change of other influencing factors is indicated. The factors that form the differences in the rate of change in the competencies of seafarers of the Ukrainian and world merchant fleets are indicated. The trend of diversification WFCS of seafarers is indicated. The high level of adaptability of personnel training in the Ukrainian system of higher maritime education and its impact on the provision of personnel for the Ukrainian and world merchant fleets is indicated. Originality. The competence gap in the Ukrainian and global maritime industries and the trend of this gap widening have been identified. It has been proven that this creates a permanent loss of human capital by the country on a significant scale. Practical value. The features of the formation of the skills of Ukrainian seafarers and the challenges they form for the country’s fleet are indicated, which will allow the introduction of measures to neutralize negative impacts.

This article analyses the Access to Public Procurement Opportunities (hereinafter referred to as AGPO) programme and explores ways for its improvement through project management. The AGPO programme, implemented in Kenya, aims to overcome socioeconomic inequality and expand economic opportunities for the most marginalised groups: youth, women, and persons with disabilities. The study relies on qualitative analysis methods using secondary data, including case studies and analysis of official reports and scientific publications. The study identifies key barriers to the effectiveness of AGPO and proposes an institutional solution – the creation of a dedicated programme management office (hereinafter referred to as PMO) within AGPO. The research findings can be used by government agencies in Kenya and other developing countries to develop strategies and reform socially oriented procurement programmes, increase their transparency, inclusiveness, and effectiveness. Promising areas of research are an empirical assessment of the impact of AGPO on target groups after the implementation of the proposed changes as well as a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various management models of similar programmes in different countries. The study demonstrates that the success of government programmes like AGPO in expanding economic opportunities for marginalised groups depends not only on political will but also on the presence of a professional management structure. The establishment of a PMO is seen as a key step in overcoming institutional and operational challenges, ensuring sustainability, and achieving the stated goals of expanding economic opportunities for vulnerable groups.

The limited number of studies analyzing the semiotics of Islamic educational values in TikTok content—particularly on the account of Husain Basyaiban—forms the background of this research, considering the significant impact of digital dakwah on Islamic education in the social media era. This study aims to analyze the values of akidah, syariah, and akhlak in Husain Basyaiban’s TikTok content through Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach, focusing on denotative, connotative, and mythological meanings. A qualitative content analysis method was used, with a sample of 16 videos selected through purposive sampling based on criteria such as viewer count, user engagement, and level of controversy. Data were collected through document observation and documentation, and analyzed based on Barthes’ three levels of meaning. The findings reveal that Husain Basyaiban’s TikTok content contains Islamic educational values distributed across three categories: akidah (6 videos), syariah (4 videos), and akhlak (6 videos). These results affirm that digital dakwah can serve as an effective medium for conveying Islamic messages creatively. However, there is a need to deepen the conveyed messages to ensure more comprehensive audience understanding, rather than relying solely on symbolic representation. This study contributes theoretically to the literature on semiotic-based digital dakwah, and practically recommends content optimization through collaboration with Islamic scholars and media literacy education for the public to promote wiser consumption of Islamic content. It also opens avenues for further research on the long-term impact of dakwah content on youth behavior in the digital age.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present empirical research on women’s motivation, specifically examining the perspectives of married and unmarried women in Asian countries. The study presents empirical findings on women’s motivation by building on Pinder’s (2014) motivational model. This model suggests that motivation stems from both internal (psychological) and external (environmental) influences. We refine and expand this model within a culturally specific Asian context. Design/methodology/approach We collected the primary data from 110 female employees working for UAE/Asian firms. The study examined data using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), a configurational analysis approach that is an effective research tool for analysing complex causal linkages. Findings Our necessity analysis revealed that career aspirations (CA) ranked highest at 0.787, followed by work–life balance (WLB) at 0.747 and family and social influences (FSI) at 0.739. None of these met the cutoff score of 0.8 needed for inclusion as necessary conditions (Fiss, 2011; Ragin, 2008; Schneider and Wagemann, 2012). However, our sufficiency analysis found that women can feel motivated even without official support at work, especially by factors such as fairness, a balanced life and encouragement from their networks. Research limitations/implications The study’s limitations include the small sample size of 110 female managers from various Asian backgrounds in the UAE and other Asian countries, which may not be representative of the broader population across different regions or sectors. Additionally, the use of the qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method can restrict the types of insights gained. Future studies should contain longitudinal analyses and larger samples to validate and build on these findings. Practical implications The findings are important to human resource (HR) professionals and policymakers in Asian organisations, especially in the healthcare, finance and technology sectors. HR policies should promote fairness, improve work–life balance and create supportive social environments. Such policies can help female employees feel more motivated at the workplace. Balancing aspiration and work–life creates a strong motivational force. Social implications The study provides valuable information for HR professionals to understand what motivates women in the workplace. Listening to the voices of married and unmarried women is crucial for developing strategies that support career growth and well-being, ultimately promoting gender equality. Originality/value Our findings provide a novel theoretical contribution by refining and expanding Pinder’s (2014) work motivation model using a culturally relevant QCA approach. Pinder’s (2014) motivational model is multidimensional, and we demonstrate that motivation for Asian women is driven by different combinations of social, organisational, and personal factors, which is different from traditional linear models. We found that motivation can still exist without formal support, especially when combined with fairness, strong family and social influences and work–life balance. This suggests that support from informal relationships can also drive motivation, which challenges the idea that structural support is always necessary for motivation. Our study adds to the existing literature on gender studies, enhances understanding of the Asian context, and proposes potential directions for future research.

Background Recent studies indicate that the synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine (LTX) in many cases has no beneficial effects on patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Still, prescriptions are increasing worldwide. If there is no clear indication for treatment, patients treated with LTX should be offered a deprescribing trial according to current guidelines. However, there is currently no protocol for deprescribing LTX in primary care. Objectives We aimed to explore patients’ enablers and barriers towards deprescribing levothyroxine in primary care to inform the further participatory development of a deprescribing strategy. Methods Based on the COREQ checklist, focus group discussions were conducted with patients and general practitioners as well as patients only in 2024. Participants ranked the five most crucial enablers and barriers. Transcripts and prioritised elements were examined using the qualitative content analysis method according to Kuckartz. Results Patients frequently felt misinformed about their condition and the prescription of LTX. A change in their medications raised doubts and uncertainties. However, the potential advantages and opportunities of deprescribing were compelling: a (re)gain of quality of life, a decrease in probable drug side effects, savings of time and cost. Mostly, patients welcomed a gradual and managed deprescribing under their general practitioner’s supervision. Conclusion Patients wished for medical information to reduce their doubts concerning deprescribing and expressed confidence in their general practitioner. Our findings indicate a fundamental commitment to deprescribing LTX. For an adherent process in general practitioners’ practices, a strategy that considers patients’ worries and concerns seems feasible.

This study examines the effects of the digitalization process on the local press. The research compares news production and content differences between the print and online editions of local newspapers, revealing the transformations brought about by new media technologies in local journalism. The study was conducted based on the case of Yozgat, a medium-sized city in Anatolia, and illustrates the trends in the digitalization process of local media. The data set consists of the print editions of six newspapers published in central Yozgat between February 1-15, 2024, and news items published on their websites. Both quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods were employed; the category, source, scope, headline characteristics, and use of audiovisual elements in news items were systematically coded. According to the findings, digitalization increases news diversity and the use of audiovisual content, strengthening the local emphasis in headlines. However, the abundance of agency-sourced content limits editorial originality. Significant differences were found between print and digital newspapers in terms of the number of news items, scope, and content. Furthermore, it was observed that local newspapers are unable to take full advantage of technological opportunities and remain limited, particularly in terms of interaction and multimedia use. The research examines the digitalization process in local media through a current case study, contributing to the academic literature on the digital transformation of the Anatolian press and offering recommendations for practical application.

Sustainable Development Goals is an off-shoot of Millennium Development Goals after the life span of the latter terminated in 2015. This paper argue that administrators at the local level are instrumental to the successful implementation of the agenda. There exists substantial evidences that suggests that, in spite of the claims by state officials to the contrary, the pace of achievement of SDG goals, after almost a decade of its launch remains abysmally low. This study, therefore, assessed the involvement of local administrators in the SDG implementation framework. The study adopts a explanatory design and qualitative method of data collection and analysis were adopted. The paper found, against speculations, that the local administrators had in-depth knowledge about SDGs agenda and they were instrumental to its implementation. The paper recommends a bottom up strategy that will start with localising SDG from the third tier level of governance and implementing same therefrom using trained administrators as key role players.

This study aims to analyze the representation and quality of children’s literature content in Indonesian language textbooks for elementary schools under the Merdeka Curriculum, a national education policy aimed at promoting student-centered learning. With particular attention to genre diversity, developmental appropriateness, and alignment with literacy goals, this research examines the extent to which these textbooks provide meaningful and engaging literary experiences for students. A qualitative content analysis method was employed, focusing on textbooks for Grades I–VI published by the Indonesian Ministry of Education in 2023. This study employs qualitative content analysis of Indonesian language textbooks for elementary schools under the Merdeka Curriculum. Data were collected through document analysis using rubrics, checklists, and BSNP-based indicators. The analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s model, with validation ensured through triangulation and peer discussion. The findings indicate that literary texts are presented in various forms, including prose (fiction and nonfiction) and poetry, with realistic fiction being the most dominant genre across all grades. Lower-grade textbooks primarily feature realistic fiction and fables, while upper-grade textbooks increasingly include nonfiction texts. The alignment between literary content and learning outcomes is reflected in the variety of genres and topics relevant to students’ developmental and social contexts. These results highlight the importance of designing textbooks that not only support language skills but also foster literary appreciation and character development through contextual and meaningful texts. The study's outcomes are expected to contribute to the development of more effective and engaging Indonesian language textbooks, ultimately enhancing the quality of literacy education in Indonesian elementary schools.

Abstract: Orientation: In her 2024 study, the researcher, C.S., applied a process of manual qualitative data analysis on data from different scientific fields and did not want to take risk by using AI (artificial intelligence) or CAQDAS (computer-assisted qualitative data analysis systems) analysing this complex data, as human intervention was required to fully comprehend all nuances of the reasons for survival. Research purpose: The study aimed to as certain whether a manual method of data analysis incorporating the techniques and methods of well-known scholars was still feasible and would yield usable results. Motivation for the study: The study had to find a substitute way to analyse data, contradictory to the current popular trend of AI analysis, as businesses surviving the COVID-19 pandemic, had to be analysed from a human perspective. The data that had to be analysed were spanning various scientific fields, facts and emotions. Research design, approach and method: The empirical part of this qualitative exploratory study consisted of 16 face-to-face semi-structured interviews with successful small-, medium- and micro- enterprise (SMME) owners from the Western Cape in South Africa and used snowball sampling. Main findings: A framework for SMME survival was developed using this manual data analysis method. Practical/managerial implications: This study indicated that it is still possible to utilise a manual method for complex data analysis when a human perspective is required. Contribution/value-add: It was proven that CAQDAS programmes or AI-generated software are not the only solutions for analysing complex qualitative data.

BackgroundPre-prepared dishes contain fats/oils, high protein, and complex seasonings, making sterol detection difficult due to multiple components and matrix interference. Given the market’s analytical challenges, detecting sterols—key functional components affecting nutritional value—is practically vital. This study aims to develop a sensitive, selective GC–MS method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative multi-component sterol analysis in pre-prepared dishes and to examine their compositional traits.MethodsAfter saponification treatment, the sample undergoes ultrapure water-assisted dispersion and n-hexane extraction. The extract is dried and subjected to derivatization reaction. The derivative is redissolved and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for qualitative identification, with quantification performed using the internal standard method. This method optimizes sample pretreatment and chromatographic separation conditions, enhancing detection efficiency and separation effectiveness.ResultsThe six target sterol compounds exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 1.0–100.0 μg/mL (correlation coefficients ≥0.99). The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.05–5.0 mg/100 g and 0.165–16.5 mg/100 g, respectively. At low, medium, and high spiked concentrations, the average recoveries ranged from 87.0 to 106%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 6) of 0.99–9.00%. Application of this method to analyze actual pre-prepared dish samples revealed significant variations in cholesterol content among different dish categories, with meat ingredients playing a dominant role. The sterol composition exhibited marked diversity: ergosterol was not detected in pre-prepared dishes, while β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol constituted the major components. Notable differences in sterol content and composition were observed across different categories of pre-prepared dishes, further confirming the impact of various meat raw materials and processing technologies on sterol levels.ConclusionThe GC–MS analytical method established in this study has been validated to demonstrate excellent reliability and applicability, providing an efficient analytical tool for precise detection of multi-component sterols in pre-prepared dishes. This method supports quality control and nutritional value assessment in the pre-prepared dish industry, facilitating product labeling standardization and informed consumer choices.

This study discusses the practice of tender rigging in the procurement of Cryo-Electron Microscope (Cryo-EM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) at BRIN based on Case Decision Number 02/KPPU-L/2024. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of tender rigging violations that violate the provisions of Article 22 of Law No. 5 of 1999 and examine its impact on business competition, business actors, the state, and research development in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical with a statute approach and a case approach with qualitative data analysis methods. The results of the study indicate the existence of vertical collusion between the tender committee, namely the Working Group and the PPK with business actors, namely PT Buana Prima Raya as the tender winner and PT Multi Teknindo Infotronika as the sole agent for the product. The tender rigging was characterized by the arrangement of technical specifications that favored certain brands, discrimination by unilaterally withdrawing support from PT Transformasi Sejahtera Indonesia as the lowest bidder, and the increase in procurement and contract prices without going through a transparent competition mechanism. The resulting impacts included the creation of artificial competition, state financial losses, hampered innovation in the research sector, and a decline in national competitiveness in mastering high technology. This research emphasizes the need for strict oversight and a fair resolution mechanism so that the tender system in Indonesia can operate transparently and accountably.

Australian rural nurses' experiences of the implementation and impact of HIRAID® emergency nursing framework on nursing practice. A qualitative study.

The study focused on nurses' familiarity with, beliefs about, and attitudes towards artificial intelligence, aiming to identify configurations of necessary and sufficient conditions associated with strong intentions to use artificial intelligence-based health technologies in their clinical practice. Cross-sectional survey conducted online from mid-October 2023 through early February 2024. The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method was employed to analyse the survey data. 307 members of the professional order of nurses in Québec province, Canada. Findings from the qualitative comparative analysis show that strong intentions to use artificial intelligence are only observed when nurses perceive artificial intelligence to have a high impactfulness on their future clinical practice (necessary condition). Moreover, we observe three configurations of sufficient conditions, that is, three combinations (artificial intelligence profiles) of familiarity with, belief about, trust in, and perceived impactfulness of artificial intelligence. Current curriculum efforts have centred on defining artificial intelligence competencies, yet competency alone does not guarantee a willingness to adopt artificial intelligence tools. Our findings indicate that a positive attitude towards artificial intelligence's potential impact is crucial, with various profiles supporting intentions to adopt artificial intelligence. These findings suggest that nurses' preparation should go beyond developing artificial intelligence competencies and that nursing educators and trainers need to account for the different profiles associated with strong intentions to use artificial intelligence technologies. Training programmes and nursing curricula should prioritise shaping nurses' beliefs and attitudes about artificial intelligence rather than focusing solely on technical skills. We contribute to nursing research by showing that a positive attitude towards artificial intelligence's impactfulness on nurses' future clinical practice is a necessary condition for having high intentions to use artificial intelligence technologies. Relevant guidelines have been adhered to by employing recommended qualitative comparative analysis reporting methods. No patient or public contribution.

Background/Objectives: Occlusal analysis is an important component of oral rehabilitation with a determining role in the prognosis of restorations. Over time, several qualitative and quantitative occlusal analysis methods have been proposed, starting with occlusion wax up to the most advanced digital systems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the data obtained through dental occlusion analysis using the Medit i700 and Exocad Elefsina v3.2 in a group of subjects, in order to establish the reliability or compatibility between the two occlusal analysis systems. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 subjects, aged between 24 and 53 years, who presented in the Dental Prosthetics Clinic of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova. Digital impressions were acquired using the Medit Link v.3.3.6 intraoral scanner, and the digital files were subsequently uploaded from the Medit i700 into the Medit Occlusion Analyzer application and the Dental CAD Exocad software. For the analysis of occlusion in dynamics, mandibular movements and data acquisition, positions of edge-to-edge in protrusion, edge-to-edge in right laterotrusion and edge-to-edge in left laterotrusion were recorded, using the corresponding print screens. The 2D occlusal contact images generated by the two software programs were converted into .jpeg format and subsequently imported into Adobe Photoshop CS6 (2021) for comparative analysis. The data were statistically processed for each software used and the obtained data were subsequently compared. Results: The occlusal surfaces recorded with the Medit Occlusion Analyzer application represent 94% of the occlusal surfaces recorded with the Exocad software for the maxilla and 90% of the occlusal surfaces recorded for the mandible. In maximum intercuspation, the highest values were recorded by the Medit i700 software, whereas in edge-to-edge protrusion and both right and left edge-to-edge laterotrusion positions, the highest values were reported by the Exocad software. The discrepancy between maxillary and mandibular values arises from the conversion of the data from a three-dimensional to a two-dimensional format during image processing. Conclusions: The occlusal areas recorded by the DentalCAD Exocad software show higher values than those provided by the Medit Link software with the Medit Occlusion Analyzer application. The differences in recorded values, in the case of the digital flow of prosthetic restorations, require the intervention of the dentist to perform clinical adjustments to optimize occlusal relationships after the fabrication and cementation of restorations.