Focus Group Discussion Method Research Articles

Structural modelling of collective action behavior of farmers for natural resource management

Community engagement is a crucial element for effective management of natural resources. This study is aimed at determining the factors and analyzing their path for collective action behavior of farmers towards natural resource management. Two cases of community based natural resource management were conducted in Phek and Kohima districts of Nagaland during 2020 and with thematic their analysis of activities, the probable factors of collective action among the communities were listed. Through participatory rural appraisal, focus group discussion and personal interview method data, was collected with a total sample size of randomly selected 106 farmers. The composite reliability for the explanatory variables, viz. social cohesiveness, normative belief, collective action for resource management, trust, community orientation, social relationship, and shared values were 0.79, 0.81,0.92, 0.6, 0.72, 0.78, and 0.52, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in 7 factors with 63.7% of the total variance explained. The obtained factors were validated through measurement modelling by confirmatory factor analysis. The structural model had goodness of fit with acceptable values of RMSEA (0.09), GFI (0.96) and CFI (0.92). The relationship of community orientation was found highly significant with normative belief (Z=6.36**); social cohesiveness (2.27**) and collective action (Z=3.47**). Emphasis should be laid upon promotion of normative beliefs, local institutions, and social values for augmentation of collective action for natural resource management.

Temporary Adjustment or Normative Change? Fertility and Marriage Preferences of Syrian Refugees in Turkey in the Context of Forced Migration

Turkey has the highest number of refugees in the world and is currently home to 3.7 million Syrians who had to flee from their country due to the conflict that started in 2011. This paper aims to focus on the fertility and marriage preferences of Syrian refugees by using a widely used qualitative research method Focus Group Discussions. The main findings revealed that socio-demographic indicators, the departure and arrival conditions in home and host country and the current place of residence had affected how families and individuals adjusted themselves and how they changed their fertility and marriage plans since their arrival in Turkey. Yet, the main findings also showed that while forced migration caused normative changes on some, some others reacted and saw these changes just as a temporary adjustment.

Development infancy: explaining unsecured environments to large-scale industries in Nigeria from the frustrated-aggression theory perspectives

This paper examines security challenges on largescale industries toward achieving industrial development in Nigeria. This study does this within the framework of the frustration- aggression theory. Triangulation of sampling techniques (purposive, simple random, key informant) and methods (Focus Group Discussions, In-depth Interviews) of data collection were adopted. The paper identified extreme level of insecurity as an impediment to large-scale industrial growth. Unsecured environment arose from overconcentration of industries, weak governmental institutions and total neglect of indigenes on basic social amenities by the government and industrialists. The findings revealed over-exploitation of host-community resources and poor employment policies which triggered anger of many frustrated unemployed youths. Unsecured environment hindered economic expansion, created unpleasant political interferences that led to poor interpersonal relationship between the indigenes and industrialists, and ill-social effects. These effects led to the shortage of manpower, untimely and unnatural deaths of industrialists' and companies' owners. Also, there were short business plans by the industrialists, various courts' embargo on communal and family lands, diversification of compensation by government institutions and low patronage of investors on large-scale industries. There is a need for communal policing, effective communities welfare policies to cement the relationship between the companies and their host communities.

Strategies to improve the quality of midwifery care and developing midwife-centered care in Iran: analyzing the attitudes of midwifery experts

BackgroundIn recent years, extensive studies have been designed and performed in the context of providing midwifery care in developed countries, which has been unfortunately neglected in some low resources and upper middle-income countries such as Iran. This study was conducted to identify the best strategies for improving the quality of midwifery care and developing midwife-centered care in Iran.MethodsThis was a qualitative study using focus group discussion and content analysis method. Data were collected from 121 participants including midwifery board members, gynecologists, heads of midwifery departments, midwifery students, in charge midwives in hospitals, and midwives in the private sector. Focused-group discussions were used for data collection, and data were analyzed using content analysis method.ResultsThe main themes extracted from the participants’ statements regarding improving the quality of midwifery care were as follows: Promotion and development of education, Manpower management, Rules, and regulations and standards for midwifery services, and Policy making.ConclusionThis study showed that to improve midwifery care, health policy makers should take into account both the quality and quantity of midwifery education, and promote midwifery human resources through employment. Furthermore, insurance support, encouragement, supporting and motivating midwives, enhancing and improving the facilities, providing hospitals and maternity wards with cutting-edge equipment, promoting and reinforcing the position of midwives in the family doctor program, and using a referral system were the strategies proposed by participants for improving midwifery care. Finally, establishing an efficient and powerful monitoring system to control the practice of gynecologists and midwives, promoting the collaborative practice of midwives and gynecologists, and encouraging team-work with respect to midwifery care were other strategies to improve the midwifery services in Iran. Authorities and policymakers may set the stage for developing high quality and affordable midwifery care by relying on the strategies presented in this study.

Model for Increasing Micro and Small Enterprises Performance through Optimizing the Role of BUMDes

The micro and small enterprises (MSEs) performance inequality between districts/cities is a must-be-solved problem since inequality is one of the issues concerned in the Sustainable Development Goals. Much previous research on the role of Village-Owned Enterprises (Badan Usaha Milik Desa—BUMDes) performance revealed that BUMDes had a positive but not significant role. The reason is that BUMDes had not played an optimal role. This study aimed at building a model for improving the performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) through optimizing the role of BUMDes. The data collected was primary data consisting of the causes of low MSEs performance, challenges, and opportunities for optimizing the role of BUMDes in improving MSE performance. Data were collected through a structured interview, in-depth interview, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods. The results revealed that the model for improving MSEs' performance through optimizing the role of BUMDes was named the Dream House Model. This model requires that MSEs set a dream of experiencing a performance improvement that was set within three years. The main pillar in achieving this dream was that MSEs should revitalize and collaborate.

A Protocol on Using the RE-AIM Framework in the Process Evaluation of the Primary Health Integrated Care Project for Four Chronic Conditions in Kenya.

Background: There has been a rapid increase in morbidity and mortality arising from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) program has established a chronic disease management program in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Kenya at over 150 health facilities in western Kenya. The primary health integrated care for chronic (PIC4C) disease project seeks to deliver preventive, promotive, and curative care for diabetes, hypertension, cervical and breast cancers at the primary health care level. We apply the RE-AIM framework to conduct a process evaluation of the integrated PIC4C model. This paper describes the protocol we are using in the PIC4C process evaluation planning and activities.Methods and Analysis: This evaluation utilizes clinic reports as well as primary data collected in two waves. Using mixed methods (secondary data, observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions), the process evaluation assesses the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of the PIC4C model in Busia and Trans Nzoia Kenya. The evaluation captures the PIC4C process, experiences of implementers and users, and the wishes of those using the PIC4C services. We will analyse our data across the RE-AIM dimensions using descriptive statistics and two-sample t-test to compare the mean scores for baseline and end line. Qualitative data will be analyzed thematically.Discussion: The process evaluation of the PIC4C model in Kenya allows implementers and users to reflect and question its implementation, uptake and maintenance. Our experiences thus far suggest practicable strategies to facilitate primary health care can benefit extensively from deliberate process evaluation of the programs undertaken. Furthermore, integrating the RE-AIM framework in the process evaluation of health programs is valuable due to its pragmatic and reporting usefulness.

Perception and attitude of Nigerian police personnel towards the adoption of spiritual security mechanism for police operations

ABSTRACT Despite its exclusive reliance on ‘modern’ policing techniques and equipment, the service-delivery capacity of the Nigeria Police Force is still generally on the average. Therefore, this study investigated the perception and attitude of Nigerian police personnel towards the adoption of spiritual security mechanism for police operations. Symbolic interactionism theory was utilised as conceptual framework. Data were elicited from 21 police officers serving at the Oyo State Police Command Criminal Investigation Department and 16 police officials of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad unit using in-depth interview and focus group discussion methods. Most of the respondents acknowledged the existence of spiritual security mechanism. Although some police officials were secretly utilising spiritual security mechanism for criminal investigations, four major factors were identified as constituting barriers to the possibility of incorporating it into police operations.

Adjustment of In-Depth Interview and Focus Group Discussion Guidelines for Disaster Victims Evacuation Model Development with Corona Virus Disease 2019 Pandemic

In developing the disaster victim evacuation (DVE) model, we started with exploratory study is needed to identify the related variables. The exploratory studies are in the form of qualitative and quantitative research. In this qualitative study conducted agent-based in the nursing perspective. To conduct this research, guidelines are needed that are in accordance with the actual situation, such as the global COVID-19 pandemic. Although many articles have been published regarding in-depth interview (II) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guidelines, all of them have to be readjusted according to the situation. This adjustment is important to do minimize problems that arise in the data collection process, such as the emergence of new clusters during pandemic of the Covid 19. This study aims to provide a detailed standard in the implementation of the data collection process using the II & FGD method for the DVE Model development and in accordance with pandemic conditions.This literature review study begins with article search and identification of scientific articles. Before the scientific articles are synthesized, a variable identification process is carried out through 2 stages, namely identification to sort articles according to variables and article selection for research main reference needs and references for discussion.. The results of this study are in the form of qualitative research guidelines presented in the form of standard data collection methods using II & FGD. In this article, we recommend aligning the II & FGD guidelines with the development of information technology in exploring Agent-based information. Keywords: In-depth Interview, FGD, disaster & Model

Predicting dispensing errors in community pharmacies: An application of the Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA).

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to use a prospective error analysis method to examine the process of dispensing medication in community pharmacy settings and identify remedial solutions to avoid potential errors, categorising them as strong, intermediate, or weak based on an established patient safety action hierarchy tool.MethodFocus group discussions and non-participant observations were undertaken to develop a Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), and subsequent focus group discussions applied the Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA) focusing on the task of dispensing medication in community pharmacies. Remedial measures identified through the SHERPA analysis were then categorised as strong, intermediate, or weak based on the Veteran Affairs National Centre for Patient Safety action hierarchy. Non-participant observations were conducted at 3 pharmacies, totalling 12 hours, based in England. Additionally, 7 community pharmacists, with experience ranging from 8 to 38 years, participated in a total of 4 focus groups, each lasting between 57 to 85 minutes, with one focus group discussing the HTA and three applying SHERPA. A HTA was produced consisting of 10 sub-tasks, with further levels of sub-tasks within each of them.ResultsOverall, 88 potential errors were identified, with a total of 35 remedial solutions proposed to avoid these errors in practice. Sixteen (46%) of these remedial measures were categorised as weak, 14 (40%) as intermediate and 5 (14%) as strong according to the Veteran Affairs National Centre for Patient Safety action hierarchy. Sub-tasks with the most potential errors were identified, which included ‘producing medication labels’ and ‘final checking of medicines’. The most common type of error determined from the SHERPA analysis related to omitting a check during the dispensing process which accounted for 19 potential errors.DiscussionThis work applies both HTA and SHERPA for the first time to the task of dispensing medication in community pharmacies, detailing the complexity of the task and highlighting potential errors and remedial measures specific to this task. Future research should examine the effectiveness of the proposed remedial solutions to improve patient safety.

How to Manage an Effective Laboratory for Science Learning in Schools?

The role of school laboratories is vital in helping junior high school students learn science. Many schools have laboratory facilities but are underutilized. This study aims to optimize the role of school laboratories through action research. In three cycles, the writer carried out the SMP Negeri 2 Metro research and SMP Negeri 6 Metro. The first cycle carried out technical guidance to the laboratory manager. Still, the results were not as expected due to communication problems to understand the principal's importance of incomplete laboratory improvement. The second cycle is carried out by mentoring the laboratory management. This includes the making of the laboratory management, inventory, and labeling, and creating work programs. This cycle two treatment also has not shown the results as expected. The reflection results found that the root of the problem was that the teachers and the laboratory manager believed that practicum activities needed time. So, it had to be carried out outside of class hours to require additional time, effort, and cost. To overcome this problem, in the third cycle, a workshop on making a practicum guide and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of practicum was developed according to the lesson schedule, then a trial was conducted. Data collection uses documentary, interview, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods to explore the root of the problem and the solution. Data processing uses a qualitative approach with steps: data collection, selection, and grouping, tabulation, description, interpretation, and conclusions. Based on the results of action research data analysis, it can be concluded: First, management improvement and inventory of laboratory tools and materials as well as making practical SOPs, which are effective in optimizing the role of science laboratories in supporting the learning process; Second, the use of SOP practicum according to the lesson schedule is quite efficient in saving time, effort, and costs. According to the results of this study, it is recommended that for the laboratory to be optimal in supporting learning, laboratory management must be orderly equipped with SOPs, and inventory of tools and materials must be good.

NHỮNG YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN THÓI QUEN ĐỌC SÁCH CỦA HỌC SINH TIỂU HỌC

This article aims to understand the factors that promote and hinder the formation of reading habits of primary school students in ethnic minority in Yen Bai and Quang Nam provinces. The results of this study will be used to make the necessary changes to encourage children's reading in order to achieve the goal of supporting children in primary school. The study collected detailed data on reading habits, and the factors affecting the formation and maintenance of habits of primary school students. Methods of Focus Group Discussion, In-depth Interview, and Personal Interview (using a questionnaire) were used with the study's beneficiaries (students, teachers, parents). This article presents findings from a study on factors affecting reading habits of.

Empirical Study on the Informal Cross Border Trade Nexus between Bangladesh-India Land Borders: Bangladesh Perspective

Bangladesh and India are economically and politically significant neighbours in South Asia region. These two countries share one of the most porous borders in the world. Bangladesh inherited disputed border with India as a bequest of the partition in 1947. The problem of faulty demarcation of the border is being addressed since the independence of Bangladesh and with the elapse of time mentionable progress has been made to solve many border related issues. The Border between Bangladesh and India is widely known for its Informal Cross Border Trade activities along with its nexus. This border is a major source of irritant in their mutual ties where informal cross-border trade practices between these two countries continue to persist with serious implications on economic, political and security aspects. This Study attempts to identify and measure the effects of informal cross border trade and its nexus between Bangladesh and India from Bangladesh perspective. To accomplish this, focus group discussion, interviews and survey method have been applied for collecting data. The total sample size is 160. It was found that, informal cross border trade is putting the border management in a challenge. To address this situation, a number of measures have been already taken by both the countries unilaterally as well as unitedly, the outcome of which appears to be positive. Beside the elucidation of the concept of informal cross border trade and the issues that kindle its implementation, this study endeavors to suggest some measures for encumbering this illegal trade practice effectively. Some recommendations are also made in this paper which should be implemented to enhance performance of bona-fide cross border trade that will in turn contribute in further strengthening Border Management between Bangladesh and India.

PENYULUHAN KETAHANAN PENGAN LOKAL PADA MASA PANDEMI DI DESA GURUAPIN KAB HALMAHERA SELATAN

The purpose of the service is to improve food security in the guraping village community, by mandating the land of the yard of the house and the land of guraping village boarding house, building community awareness, village government and housewives to meet food needs during the pandemic. 
 The methods applied to Community Service are the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method and Training and monitoring; As for the results of devotion; Guruaping village grows local food problems faced, namely related to water shortages, there are also results of food products that do not know the market. BUMDes has been inactive to increase community efforts

TRENDS OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS AND RESILIENCE PRACTICES OF CLIMATE DISPLACED PEOPLE OF SOUTHERN COAST OF BANGLADESH

Climate change is an extremely crucial issue in Bangladesh and is affecting people displacement in Bangladesh both sudden and gradual environmental change. To conduct the study, both the qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted, the primary data are collected through participant observation, key informant interview (KII), Focus group discussion and Questionnaire methods. In total, 120 questionnaires were operated in 3 unions. In addition, estimate of Displacement hazard impact analysis, weight analysis, and effective adaptation analysis with various Ranking. The study prescribed 14 adaptation policies for resolving climate displacement problem, in which Incorporate climate Change in long term planning, Grass plantation, Multi crops cultivation in a land Promote awareness, Embankment construction, Salt production Using deep tube-well for pure drinking water, Livelihood skill development are highly effective adaptation policies. This study will help for resolving the displacement problem and overall adaptation goals.

Factors Influencing the Role of Religious Leaders in the Process Accelerate Stunting Response in East Nusa Tenggara Province

Background: Stunting was the impact of chronic malnutrition in the long term and has an impact on children's growth and development disorders. Stunting has become a priority for the Indonesian government, including in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara with a stunting reduction target of 14% in 2024. The Indonesian governments have made many efforts to overcome stunting. Religious leaders are parties suspected of being able to play a role in the process. This study was aimed to determine the factors that influence the role of religious leaders in supporting the process of accelerating stunting reduction in the dry land area in East Nusa Tenggara. Subjects and Method: This was a mixed-method study. This study was conducted in May 2022 using the focus group discussion (FGD) method and involved 13 religious leaders who were taken purposively. The data collected were analyzed qualitatively (making interview transcripts) and quantitatively. The independent variables were level of understanding about stunting, support for policies/programs related to stunting, stunting program budget support, national program support: CATIN facilitation, and cross-sectoral cooperation support. The statistical analysis used is multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Factors that significantly influence the role of religious leaders are the level of under­standing of religious leaders about stunting (aOR= 3.50; 95% CI= 0.12 to 12.3; p= 0.010) and support factors for cross-sectoral cooperation (aOR= 2.00; 95% CI= 1.22 to 21.10; p= 0.007). Budget support for stunting related policies/ program (aOR= 2.40; 95% CI= 1.76 to 12.32; p= 0.621), support policy/ program related to stunting (aOR= 1.70; 95% CI= 1.27 to 7.32; p= 0.387), and national program, support “CATIN Mentoring” (aOR= 1.10; 95% CI= 0.37 to 21.02; p= 0.621) were statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Factors that influence the role of religious leaders were the level of understanding of religious leaders about stunting, support factors for cross-sectoral cooperation, budget support for stunting related policies, support policy related to stunting national program, and support “CATIN Mentoring”. Keywords: the role of religious leaders, acceleration of stunting prevention, chronic malnutrition. Correspondence: Intje Picauly, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Nusa Cendana. Jl. Adi Sucipto Penfui, Kupang, East Nusa Teng­gara, Indonesia. Mobile: +62822-3714-5517. Email: intjepicauly@staf.undana.ac.id. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(06): 618-629 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.06.01

Hardly visible, highly admired? Youth perceptions of the EU in Kazakhstan

Youth have always been one of the central target audiences of the European Union’s (EU) policies towards Central Asia, which was once again emphasised in the recent EU Strategy for the region. This paper scrutinises how youth representatives in Kazakhstan, Brussels’ closest partner in the region, perceive the EU and its policies. By doing so, the paper shifts the focus from the EU-centric assessment of its external activities, which has long dominated the academic literature, and provides a ‘voice’ to the targets of the EU’s various initiatives. Examining data obtained through the method of pictorial test and focus group discussions with students of leading Kazakhstani universities, the paper argues that the issue Brussels faces among youth is not an image problem, rather it is a visibility issue. Although Kazakhstani youth are aware of the EU’s main ‘attributes’ at the basic level, they have little knowledge that goes beyond stereotypical, yet positive, images of it. This stereotyped admiration towards the EU, however, is not necessarily an outcome of Brussels’ successful policies, rather it is partly inherited from the historically idealised image of Europe. The paper suggests that increasing its visibility and better communicating its policies and messages need to be a priority for the EU in Central Asia.

INVESTIGATING THE HISTORY OF EAST SAKERTA VILLAGE AS A POPULAR TOURIST DESTINATION IN WEST JAVA

The tourism industry is one of the primary needs for the life of modern society today. Because of these factors, it makes the need for recreation or tourism increases. East Sakerta Tourism Village is one of the leading tourist destinations in the Kuningan Regency. This village has a long history and interesting community culture, but not many people know about it. This study aims to investigate the history of the East Sakerta Village as a popular tourist destination in West Java. The research method used is a qualitative method. This data collection method is carried out using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method. Primary data collection was carried out directly and purposive sampling by interviewing key people, namely the village government apparatus, tourism community leaders (kompepar), and the community. FGD method was used to find out about the history, legends, and culture of the East Sakerta Village. The results of FGD findings consist of the religion, the history of the village, the local culture, the historical sites, the myths and legend, and the philosophy of Sakerta Timur Village. The philosophy concept is "Tumaritis" which is a village in the Sundanese and Javanese puppet which has a philosophy of mutual protection, security, and prosperity.

Increasing Participation Rates in Germany's Skin Cancer Screening Program (HELIOS): Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundIn 2008, a nationwide skin cancer screening (SCS) program was implemented in Germany. However, participation rates remain low.ObjectiveThe overall objective of the HELIOS study is to identify subgroup-specific invitation and communication strategies to increase informed SCS participation in Germany.MethodsFocus group discussions will be performed in Erlangen, Germany, to explore potential invitation and communication strategies as well as possible barriers and motivating factors to participate in SCS. Male and female patients of different age groups who have already been diagnosed with skin cancer, as well as participants without a prior diagnosis of skin cancer, will be invited. Based on these results, an online questionnaire will be developed to identify subgroup-specific invitation strategies. A random sample of 2500 persons from the general population aged >35 years from the Munich area will be contacted to complete the questionnaire. Besides descriptive analysis, multinomial logistic regression will be performed. Additionally, a cluster analysis will be conducted to discover patterns or similarities among the participants.ResultsRecruitment for the focus group studies started in February 2021 and is ongoing. As of August 2021, we have enrolled 39 participants. We expect to end enrollment in the qualitative study in September 2021 and to finish the analysis in December 2021. The second part of the study will then start in January 2022.ConclusionsThe results of this project will enable us to derive improved and more efficient invitation and communication strategies for SCS. These may be implemented in the future to facilitate increased SCS uptake and early skin cancer detection.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/31860

PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS KEAHLIAN BERWIRAUSAHA DALAM PEMASARAN DIGITAL BAGI WARGA CLUSTER TAMAN HIJAU DESA SINDANGGALIH KARANGPAWITAN GARUT

The rapid advancement of technology in various fields requires the public to be able to optimize the function of information technology devices such as gadgets or smartphones in improving the economy. The ease of information from various information media, whether from websites, blogs or social media, allows people to get information and market their products online and more broadly. The purpose of this activity is as a housing model that has utilized Digital as a marketing medium. The extension method used was the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method which was attended by 40 participants including 35 housewives and 5 young people. The results of the Digital Marketing Workshop are known: as many as 40 residents participated and were interested in knowing more about digital marketing and were enthusiastic about participating in the training. Residents gain knowledge about digital marketing methods through e-commerce websites, social media and are able to identify social media that can be used as marketing media. The conclusion of this activity before attending the Workshop as many as 24 people (55%) did not understand the concept of digital marketing using social media, so that residents had not maximized the use of their gadgets or smartphones for entrepreneurship. After they took part in the training, the knowledge of residents increased, as many as 75% or 32 residents understood the concept of digital marketing, housewives began to use their gadgets to find out how to make processed foods, open accounts on e-commerce websites

English

The adoption of new and high yielding pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) varieties can be boosted if they correspond to farmers’ preferences and answer the constraints prevailing in the production environments. Therefore, the focus of this study was to assess production constraints, farmers’ preferences and choices of varieties among pearl millet cultivating farmers using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) in the guinea savanna agro-ecological zone of Ghana where the crop is grown. Data collection was through mixed methods of focus group discussion (FGD) and individual interviews with 295 (45 for FGD and 250 for individual interviews) farmers covering 45 communities. Results indicated that the major constraints of production included low yields, bird damage, poor soils, erratic rainfall, downy mildew disease, head insects, and early maturity. Majority of pearl millet farmers depend on own seed source due to lack of access to and low knowledge of improved seeds. Breeding for high grain yield, earliness, resistance to downy mildew disease and bird attack varieties were the leading traits of preference that research should focus on. It is therefore anticipated that breeding program would integrate the product profiling proposed in this work for enhance adoption of new pearl millet varieties in Ghana.   Key words: Participatory rural appraisal, constraint, pearl millet Guinea savanna, Ghana.