Progressive state transfer for BFT with larger-than-memory state

This study employs machine learning (ML) models such as Decision Tree (DT), Extra Tree (ET), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Regressor (SVR) and Lasso to predict how Ta and Nb content effects the mechanical behavior of the CoCrFeNi HEAs at diverse compositions. ET and KNN models developed as the most effective forecasters, accomplishing high R2 values of 0.985 and 0.984 respectively. The valuation of the mechanical behaviour with experimental data is very precise with the help of these models. The advanced methods like Hybrid Computational Variable Creation Method (HCVCM), Symbolic Variable Creation Method (SVCM), Data Structure Method (DSM) was further used which has enhance the prediction performance in terms of R2 value upto 0.991 for ET and 0.99 for KNN model. A novel stress-strain behaviour was produced for a new composition with novel Ta and Nb content, where ET and KNN demonstrated robust R2 values of 0.984 and 0.98, respectively. The strategy streamlines exploration of HEAs by cutting down extensive trial-and-error experiments, thereby conserving significant resources in terms of time, cost, and energy.

In today's era of rapid growth in artificial intelligence, local traditional cultures with regional characteristics are going through a process of modern change. This article looks at Dongfeng peasant paintings from Dongfeng County in Jilin Province. It discusses how generative AI can support the creation and use of peasant paintings. It also examines the challenges and issues that Dongfeng peasant paintings face in the new era. By exploring the opportunities brought by AI technology, this paper considers how AI can help in creating peasant paintings. It aims to improve the efficiency of producing these artworks. It also encourages creative thinking and brings more energy into peasant painting works. This helps keep the cultural tradition of peasant painting alive. We hope this discussion on AI-supported peasant painting can shed light on changes in how these artworks are made. It also looks at ways to build digital platforms to share peasant paintings more widely. The goal is clear: using AI in peasant painting not only offers new tools and methods for creation, but also preserves the unique style of Northeast Chinese peasant paintings while encouraging innovation. This opens a new path for peasant paintings to develop sustainably in the future.

Abstract Modular product architecture creation methods often fail to fully account for assembly constraints, limiting their practical applicability. This challenge is spread across industry but has greater consequences for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), where design decisions must align with constrained production capabilities. This study examines how the integration of Design for Assembly (DfA) principles into Modular Function Deployment (MFD) can enhance the development of modular product architectures. Through a retrospective, case-based analysis of the Senseair RDS (refrigerant detection system), the research reconstructs key design and organisational decisions and evaluates how a DfA-expanded MFD method could have influenced them. The analysis combines document review, two participatory workshops, and entry–exit surveys to map decisions, challenges, and barriers. Results show that early modular reasoning was constrained by resource pressure, compliance demands, and departmental separation, leading to duplicated work and late clarification of interfaces. Application of the proposed method highlighted opportunities for earlier identification of assembly trade-offs, clearer justification of architectural choices, and improved cross-functional communication. Participants found the method conceptually useful but effort-intensive, emphasising the need for lightweight training and adaptation to existing SME routines. Mapping of workshop findings to the Technological-Economic-Regulatory-Organisational (TERO) framework revealed that organisational and economic barriers dominate over purely technical ones. The study concludes that structured approaches such as the DfA-MFD method act most effectively as sense-making tools that formalise existing knowledge, promote assembly-oriented design decisions, and support incremental improvement of modular architectures under industrial constraints.

Aiming at the deficiencies in the practical teaching scene of supply chain management majors in higher vocational colleges and universities, this paper proposes a scene creation method based on the integration of industry and education and virtual simulation. Virtual simulation from the logistics machinery intelligent operation and maintenance and supply chain risk early warning two aspects to realize. Among them, the intelligent operation and maintenance system of logistics machinery is constructed by using Omniverse and Isaac Sim, and the simulation of supply chain risk early warning is realized by changing parameters in a relatively stable supply chain system. The research finally creates practical training teaching scenarios based on MR and VR technologies for the reform of supply chain management professional practice teaching in higher vocational colleges. When the intelligent operation and maintenance system of logistics machinery designed in this paper carries out virtual simulation actions, the delay time of the actions is less than 2s, and the detection accuracy of the supply chain risk early warning system is above 90%. Students' acceptance of practical training teaching based on industry-teaching fusion and virtual simulation is high, and this teaching mode can not only better meet the requirements of skill development, but also promote the reform of supply chain management professional practice teaching in higher vocational colleges and universities to a certain extent.

Traditional first aid preparation methods often fail to reproduce realistic stress levels and to simulate visual difficulty in identifying lesions in critical situations. In emergencies, delays in recognising injuries or errors in protocols result in critical losses of human resources. The use of computer graphics and virtual reality technologies enables you to create a safe yet highly realistic environment for rescuers to test and improve their skills. The article presents an integrated methodological framework for assessing the effectiveness of VR first-aid training in conditions of damage to civilian infrastructure. The main focus is on developing mathematical models and algorithms to identify and evaluate the quality of rescuers' actions by analysing digital interaction signals in a virtual environment. A composite efficiency indicator is proposed that combines normalised parameters for reaction time, manipulation accuracy, stress level, and immersion. The work aims to formalise a mathematical model to assess the effectiveness of VR training in developing skills for lesion identification and first aid provision, using quantitative metrics. The study aims to identify statistically significant differences in learning speed and skill retention between groups using VR simulations and traditional methods. The project aims to validate innovative content creation methods, including mobile photogrammetry, to visualise damaged infrastructure and victim models. The study used a comprehensive approach that includes mobile photogrammetry and generative neural networks to create a library of 3D assets with varying degrees of detail. Performance score is based on composite indicator that integrates normalised data on reaction time, manipulation accuracy, error count, immersion rate. Linear mixed models, exponential approximations, and bootstrap estimation of effect stability were used to analyse hierarchical data and individual learning trajectories. The experimental part includes the use of mobile photogrammetry and generative neural networks to create realistic 3D models of affected environments and identify types of injuries (bleeding, burns, unconsciousness). To analyse the dynamics of learning and maintaining skills, models with mixed effects and exponential forgetting curves are used. The results confirm that the use of VR technologies provides a statistically significant acceleration in the development of automated skills for lesion identification and assistance compared to traditional methods. The proposed approach is a scalable tool for preparing civil and rescue services to act in critical situations. Experimental data showed that the integral performance score in the VR group increased from 0.42  0.10 to 0.76  0.08, while in the control group it increased from only 0.40  0.09 to 0.55  0.10 (p < 0.001). The largest effect was observed in the bleeding arrest scenario, where the effect size (Cohen's d) reached 2.3. The analysis of forgetting curves confirmed the superiority of VR: the skill loss rate in the VR group was 0.25, providing knowledge retention 1.8 times longer than in the control group (0.45). The study confirmed that VR simulations significantly accelerate the formation of automated behaviour patterns and reduce reaction time in extreme conditions. The proposed mathematical assessment model provides objective feedback and standardisation of the rescue training process. The results indicate the high practical value of introducing such tools into training programs for civilian and military structures to minimise losses in real emergencies.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become an established technique for en bloc resection of superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms. However, conventional ESD (CESD) under gas insufflation remains technically demanding, particularly in gravity-side lesions or in cases with submucosal fibrosis. Underwater ESD (UESD) was developed to overcome these challenges. Complete submergence mitigates gravity-related difficulties, enhances visualization through the natural zoom effect, and facilitates submucosal dissection via buoyancy and water pressure. Retrospective data further suggest that UESD may reduce the risk of post-ESD coagulation syndrome, which is likely attributable to the heat sink effect. UESD can also be integrated with device-assisted traction and pocket creation methods. However, limitations, such as visual field impairment caused by bleeding or bubble formation, remain concerns, and their optimal management requires further investigation. Nevertheless, UESD allows procedural flexibility by switching between UESD and CESD within the same procedure, herein referred to as dual-approach ESD. Despite its routine use in clinical practice, dual-approach ESD has not been clearly distinguished from UESD in most clinical studies, complicating comparisons with CESD. To advance both clinical practice and research, future investigations should clearly differentiate UESD from dual-approach ESD for a more accurate evaluation. Furthermore, appropriate procedural selection requires careful consideration of multiple factors.

Interest toward game-based learning has grown as games have been found to increase student engagement and improve learning outcomes. Such an approach may be especially useful when tackling the challenges related to passive learning in an increasingly digital world. This study introduces a nondigital game creation teaching method, which was implemented in a higher education course for chemistry and materials science students, focused on nanomaterial chemistry and their sustainability. This qualitative study explores how the students perceive their learning while creating a game and which aspects of collaborative learning influence their study experience. The games created by the students demonstrated how they linked material chemistry topics (e.g., synthesis, chemical and physical properties of the chosen nanomaterial, toxicity, applications) to a wider context of sustainability (environmental, economic, and social impacts). Based on semistructured interviews (N = 10) and complementary questionnaire data (N = 22), the students’ own view was that game creation enhanced learning of nanomaterials chemistry, and many experienced positive emotions during the learning activity. The key finding from the study is that the game creation method activated students in their learning, not only on the core chemistry topic but also in developing more diverse competencies such as creativity, collaboration, and research competencies, all of which are essential skills to help solve the world’s grand sustainability challenges. The main issues with the teaching method were found in the initial stages of the activity and group work, especially with language during group communication. Overall, this study introduces a novel way of incorporating sustainability in chemistry and materials science education while supporting active learning and development of essential competencies and skills for the future.

Ultrathin and robust elastomeric dielectrics using a crosslinking-assisted trap creation method for miniaturized stretchable electronics

According to the Tax Ordinance, tax authorities lose the ability to assess a tax after specified period of time. The passage of this time means that the tax obligation does not turn into a tax liability. It makes paying the tax impossible, because one of elements, which is factor of the creation of a tax liability is a tax amount. If tax organ is unable to assess it due to the limitation period for assessment, the taxpayer cannot pay the tax, because he does not know its amount. The problem is, that according to the Inheritance and Gift Tax Act the tax obligation arises upon acceptance of the inheritance or – when the gift is taxed - upon fulfillment of the promised benefit. At the same time, in another provision of this legal Act, the legislator provides an alternative method for creation of a tax obligation in inheritance and gift tax. This is result of the taxpayer’s information given to the tax organ, that he obtained a benefit, which was not declared for taxation at the appropriate time. The question is, if it is possible to assess a tax due to this event after the expiry of the limitation period, related to obtaining an inheritance or donation. The Author considers this problem, referring to the views of tax law’s doctrine and case law.

REPDF: Repairing corrupted PDF files through font mapping and object relationship reconstruction

Ineffable is a brand located in the city of Padang which was founded by Nisrina Qurrata Aini and started in 2020 which still uses an online sales system, and then in 2022 ineffable started selling offline in shops in the city of Padang, its products presented by ineffable are various kinds of accessory products including; bracelets, necklaces, rings, hairpins, headbands and so on, the sales process uses a by order system. The aim of creating this work is to visualize and present Ineffable products in product photography. The creation of this work also uses theoretical foundations, namely, commercial photography, product photography, lighting and composition. The concept used in the creation of this work is using the summer concept. The creation method used is through a preparation process consisting of observation, literature study and interviews as well as design, namely a storyboard and finally embodiment. There are 20 works created in this final project which have the titles Boho Bracelet, Joy Neklace, Harmony of Rings and Natural Textures, Sand Beads, Ceria Necklace, Three Rings, Shell Bracelet, Sell Tie Braclece, Treasure Of the Sea, Sea Jewels, Mystic eye Breaclet, Crystals Bracelet, Cottagecore Necklace, Shoes Charm, Fir Bracelet, Sholace Charm, Wave Ribbon, Rona Ribbon, Ribbon Backrest.

This research explores the creation of women’s party wear using Sasirangan as an Indonesian heritage textile (wastra). Although Sasirangan shares resist-dyeing characteristics with Batik, it is distinguished by its basting stitch technique (jelujur). Despite its development in contemporary fashion, designs that explicitly visualize the narrative of Princess Junjung Buih remain limited. This study aims to create a statement piece integrating the Ombak Sinampur Karang motif to represent the legend’s aesthetic and philosophical values. A descriptive qualitative creation method was applied through the stages of exploration, design, and realization, using design semiotics theory to transform narrative elements into contemporary visuals. Tailoring techniques convey a regal structure, while draping represents the water foam symbolizing the princess’s emergence. The results show that the “Deep Azure Essence” design successfully expresses Banjar cultural identity in modern fashion. Feasibility testing by three experts yielded an average score of 4.58 (“Highly Feasible”), with the highest score in the semiotics and cultural aspect (4.73). This study highlights local textile-based fashion innovation as a strategic effort in preserving South Kalimantan’s culture.

This research aims to deeply explore the internal transmission mechanism and quantitative evaluation methods for ESG value creation, to answer the key question: "How does ESG investment specifically translate into corporate value?" This paper uses literature reviews, case analyses, and quantitative model development to examine the internal mechanisms by which ESG initiatives improve efficiency, reduce risks, and enhance brand value. It develops methodologies and toolkits for quantitatively evaluating the microeconomic benefits of ESG initiatives and, at the same time, builds a set of strong, persuasive internal communication cases. The study finds that a clear internal transmission mechanism and quantitative evaluation results can effectively help business managers strengthen their ESG investment decisions and provide strong support for promoting the sustainable development of enterprises. In addition, this research enriches the field of management research on ESG value creation and lays a foundation for subsequent related research.

BackgroundCritical-sized long-bone defects and non-unions are among the most challenging complications in fracture care, as they lack the capacity for spontaneous healing and often lead to prolonged disability and repeated surgical intervention. Their complex aetiology involves mechanical, biological, and systemic factors that make consistent clinical management difficult. Preclinical animal models remain crucial for understanding the biological and mechanical factors underlying bone repair. This scoping review summaries existing animal models of long-bone defects and non-unions and identifies methodological gaps affecting reproducibility and clinical translation.MethodsA comprehensive literature search across five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and BIOSIS) was performed. Preclinical in vivo animal studies with experimentally induced long-bone defects and non-unions that were published prior to October 2024 were included in the search. The following parameters were collected: animal species, number of animals, definitions of “non-union” and “long-bone defect”, specific bone studied, experimental setup (e.g., unilateral or bilateral model), method of defect creation, fixation technique, defect size, defect filling, additional therapeutic interventions, infection, experiment duration, non-union rate, and the employed surgical approach (single-stage or multi-stage).ResultsA total of 117 studies were included for analysis, whereby 54 studies addressed non-union and 63 focused on long-bone defects. Amongst the included studies, the most frequently investigated species were rats (40.2%), mice (21.4%), sheep (15.4%), and dogs (11.1%). Definitions for non-union and critical-sized defects varied widely, with the most commonly applied method determining non-union being radiographic analysis (74.4%) and time-based criteria (35%). The fixation methods applied were intramedullary nails (35%), external fixators (22.2%), and plates (28.2%), with the reported average experimental duration across studies of 116 ± 101 days.ConclusionPreclinical models for critical-sized defects and non-union remain highly heterogeneous, limiting reproducibility and translational relevance. Clear, species-appropriate definitions, improved reporting of defect and fixation parameters, and alignment of study duration with species-specific healing dynamics are essential to strengthen comparability. While model selection should remain driven by the research question, greater standardisation and the development of biologically faithful non-union models are needed to improve the clinical predictive value of preclinical research.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-026-06697-4.

Recent advancements in conversational systems have significantly enhanced human-machine interactions across various domains. However, training these systems is challenging due to the scarcity of specialized dialogue data. Traditionally, conversational datasets were created through crowdsourcing, but this method has proven costly, limited in scale, and labor-intensive. As a solution, the development of synthetic dialogue data has emerged, utilizing techniques to augment existing datasets or convert textual resources into conversational formats, providing a more efficient and scalable approach to dataset creation. In this survey, we offer a systematic and comprehensive review of multi-turn conversational data generation, focusing on three types of dialogue systems: open domain, task-oriented, and information-seeking. We categorize the existing research based on key components like seed data creation, utterance generation, and quality filtering methods, and introduce a general framework that outlines the main principles of conversation data generation systems. Additionally, we examine the evaluation metrics and methods for assessing synthetic conversational data, address current challenges in the field, and explore potential directions for future research. Our goal is to accelerate progress for researchers and practitioners by presenting an overview of state-of-the-art methods and highlighting opportunities to further research in this area.

Spin-active point defects in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) are emerging as a promising platform for scalable quantum technologies, both as sources of single photons and as spin–photon interfaces. As a host material, h-BN can be easily integrated into quantum photonic circuits and its two-dimensional nature means defects can be in close proximity to the surface, allowing for high-resolution quantum sensing. This review summarises recent progress in the understanding and engineering of these defects, and explores their suitability to different quantum technology applications. Key outstanding challenges, such as prolonging spin coherence and developing a method of deterministic defect creation, are identified, and comparisons are made to other solid-state platforms – particularly nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamond.

This study introduces in detail a standardized Pocket Creation Method (PCM) of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) protocol for the resection of large laterally spreading tumors (LST) of the rectum, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional ESD by improving safety and dissection speed. The procedure is as follows: First, after marking the boundaries, a submucosal injection of indigo carmine-saline solution is administered to achieve sufficient lesion elevation. A disposable mucosal knife is then used to create an arc-shaped incision at the anorectal edge of the lesion, establishing the entry point for the submucosal tunnel. The tunnel is advanced orally along the plane between the submucosa and the muscularis propria, while maintaining the submucosal injection to ensure clear dissection layers. As the tunnel approaches the oral margin of the lesion, the scope is reversed to observe and complete the oral submucosal incision, determining the endpoint of dissection and achieving tunnel continuity from the anal to the oral side. Finally, the mucosal edges on the gravity and anti-gravity sides are cut sequentially to completely resect the lesion. During the surgery, vessels are pre-coagulated under direct visualization to avoid injury to the muscularis propria. Meanwhile, the retention of submucosal injection fluid enhances the "fluid cushion" effect, improving dissection speed and safety, and shortening the surgical time. By optimizing the tunnel vision and effectively maintaining the fluid cushion, this protocol overcomes the limitations of traditional ESD, enabling efficient, safe, and radical resection of large rectal LSTs, while avoiding the trauma associated with surgical resection. This technique offers an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of complex rectal lesions.

Panoramic images, with their wide field of view and abundant information, have become essential visual materials in digital art creation and virtual reality. However, existing panoramic image restoration and quality enhancement methods lack high-level semantic understanding and global feature control, which often leads to structural disorder in complex scenes. They also struggle to balance semantic comprehension, real-time performance, and restoration quality. To address these issues, this paper raises a panoramic image restoration and visual quality enhancement model for digital art creation. The model uses a Multi Scale Residual Network, a Coordinate Space Attention mechanism, and super resolution reconstruction to construct a visual quality enhancement algorithm, which accurately captures both local details and global structural features. Based on this algorithm, an optimized Generative Adversarial Network and a Vision Transformer are integrated to model the spatial correlation and semantic logic between damaged and undamaged regions, achieving high-quality completion. Experimental results show that the model achieves a Structural Similarity Index of 0.975 and 0.971, a Peak Signal to Noise Ratio of 53.82 dB and 53.75 dB, a maximum memory usage of 394MB, and a response time of 3.12s with a data volume of 2000 in DIV2K and SUN360 datasets. The model outperforms comparison models in all metrics, enhances both detail clarity and global consistency, and maintains efficient processing performance. It provides high-quality visual materials for digital art creation and shows significant advantages across various performance indicators.

The article presents a comprehensive study of the compositional decoration of leather bags as an important component in forming the holistic artistic image of light industry products. The relevance of the topic is determined by the increasing role of decorative elements in accessory design under conditions of consumer demand individualization, the development of manufacturing technologies, and intensified competition in the fashion industry. Compositional decoration is considered not only as an aesthetic component but as a system-forming factor that interacts with the construction, material, and technological methods of product manufacturing. Based on the analysis of domestic and international scientific sources, modern approaches to form creation and decorative design of leather products are generalized. A multi-level systematization of compositional decoration techniques for leather bags is proposed according to the method of form creation, technological execution methods, material and texture characteristics, and artistic-compositional parameters. This approach makes it possible to comprehensively evaluate decorative solutions with regard to their functional feasibility, constructive coherence, and stylistic consistency. Within the scope of the study, a collection of virtual prototypes of leather bag models was developed, in which the compositional placement of decorative elements varied while constructive and material parameters remained unchanged. To assess compositional and constructive coherence, formalized criteria and an expert scoring methodology using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were applied, confirming a high level of agreement among expert evaluations. The analysis results demonstrated that models with centrally symmetrical, rhythmic, and constructively integrated decorative organization are the most stable in terms of preserving artistic integrity during use. A classification of leather bag models according to the level of compositional stability is proposed, which allows predicting the preservation of proportions, rhythm, and the compositional center under the influence of operational loads. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of applying the obtained results in design practice, the educational process, and in shaping the assortment policy of light industry enterprises. The proposed systematization provides a scientific basis for the substantiated selection of compositional and technological solutions in leather bag design.