Stability Of Method Research Articles

An adaptive assessment method of power system transient stability considering PMU data loss

AbstractTransient stability assessment (TSA) plays an important role in ensuring the reliable operation of power systems. With the popularity of phasor measurement units (PMUs), data‐driven TSA methods have been widely concerned. However, the performance of TSA model may deteriorate when data loss occurs due to PMU failure. This paper proposes an adaptive assessment method for transient stability of power systems considering PMU data loss. First, considering the importance of temporal features, a collection of PMU clusters is constructed to minimize the failure risk and maintain full observability of the whole buses of the grid. Secondly, a weighted integrated assessment model based on PMU clusters is constructed by using an improved eXplainable Convolutional neural network for Multivariate time series classification (XCM) as a TSA classifier. The model can make full use of time series information to carry out adaptive TSA and maintain the robustness of the assessment performance even when PMU failure occurs. Finally, it is verified in a modified IEEE 39‐bus system with wind power and solar power. The effect of the proposed method shows high accuracy and strong anti‐noise interference ability in case of data loss.

Vermicompost application improves leaf physiological activity, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, and grain yield of fragrant rice through efficient nitrogen assimilation under Cd stress

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in arable soils and its accumulation in rice plants have become a global concern because of their harmful effects on crop yield and human health. The in-situ stabilization method which involves the application of organic amendments such as vermicompost (VC), is frequently utilized for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. This study investigated the effects of VC on the soil chemical properties and the physio-biochemical functions of fragrant rice, as well as nitrogen (N) metabolism and assimilatory enzyme activities, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) content in rice grains, and the grain yields of fragrant rice cultivars, i.e., Xiangyaxiangzhan (XGZ) and.Meixiangzhan-2 (MXZ-2) under Cd stress condition. Four doses of VC (.VC1 = 0, VC2 = 3 t. ha-1, VC3 = 4 t ha-1, and VC4 = 6 t ha-1) and two levels of Cd (0 and 25 mg Cd kg-1) were used in this study. Our results showed that VC supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) improved soil characteristics, including soil organic carbon, available N, total N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Furthermore, VC enhanced plant physiological and biochemical attributes in fragrant rice, such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) enzyme activities, protein contents, amino acid, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) contents under Cd stress condition. Specifically, the VC-amended treatment, Cd2 + VC3, led to an 86.75% increase in Pn and 2AP, and a 60.05% and 77.55% increase in grain yield for MXZ-2 and XGZ cultivars, respectively, compared to Cd-only treated plants (Cd2 + VC1). In addition, VC application significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the Cd uptake and accumulation in rice plants. The correlation analysis indicated that leaf physiological activity and biochemical traits are strongly correlated with soil qualitative traits, suggesting that improved soil health leads to enhanced leaf physiological activity, N metabolism, grain 2AP content, and grain yields. Among the treatments, Cd2 + VC3 showed the best performance in terms of soil fertility and rice quality and production. Consequently, our study indicates that using VC in soils may benefit rice growers by improving soil fertility and supporting sustainable rice productivity and quality in soils contaminated with Cd.

Cytokinesis-Blocking Micronucleus Assay for Assessing Nuclear Chromatin Integrity Abnormalities in Dog’s Somatic Cells After Exposure to HVAD-Produced Silver Nanoparticles

The widespread use of silver nanoparticles in many industries is increasing every year. Along with this use, there is growing concern about the potential unintentional exposure of human and animal organisms to these nanomaterials. It has been shown that AgNPs have the ability to penetrate organisms and can have harmful effects on cells and organs in the body. In order to reduce the effects of AgNPs on living organisms, newer solutions are being investigated, such as particle stabilization or other methods of synthesizing these particles. The physical synthesis of AgNPs using high-voltage arc discharge (HVAD) may be one of these alternatives. To determine the effect of silver nanoparticles obtained by this method, cytogenetic analysis was performed on domestic dog somatic cells using a cytokinesis-blocking micronucleus assay. In the experiments performed, peripheral blood cells of the domestic dog were exposed in vitro for 3 and 24 h to three tested colloidal silver compounds (unstable AgNP-HVAD, sodium citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles—AgNP+C, and silver nitrate). The toxicity of these compounds was evaluated at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 µg/L, and the presence of the following cellular abnormalities was analyzed: micronuclei, nuclear buds, nucleoplasmic bridges, or multinucleated cells. The study showed a significant increase in the number of micronuclei compared to the control sample, as well as the presence of nuclear buds and nucleoplasmic bridges in somatic cells of the domestic dog, confirming the genotoxic nature of the particles. However, there was no cytotoxic effect due to the lower number of multinucleated cells and the absence of apoptotic or necrotic cells in the samples analyzed. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of toxicity of AgNPs produced by the HVAD method and the extent of their effects on mammalian somatic cells.

A variationally-consistent hybrid equilibrium element formulation for linear poroelasticity

A poroelastic medium is defined as a continuous system in which the mechanical response arises from the interaction between a deformable elastic solid skeleton and a pressurised fluid, fully saturating the interconnected porous network. The coupled theory of Poromechanics is effectively employed to solve a broad class of problems spanning various fields, ranging from its original application in Geomechanics to addressing contemporary challenges in tissue Biomechanics. Besides the seminal theory introduced by Biot, several variational multi-field principles have been proposed, leading to various finite element formulations. Finite Element approaches are mostly based on a two-field discretisation involving the coupled solid displacement and interstitial fluid pressure as primary variables. However, this choice of the two-primary variables leads to a saddle-point problem, posing a challenge in achieving accurate solutions and thus making the use of stabilisation methods rather mandatory. This study proposes a novel variationally consistent Hybrid Equilibrium Element formulation, based on the complementary strain energy function. A two-field minimisation principle is formulated, with total Cauchy stress and interstitial fluid pressure serving as primary variables. The proposed variational principle provides a variationally consistent framework for designing inherently self-equilibrated Hybrid Equilibrium Elements, where the solid displacement field emerges as a Lagrangian variable to enforce a co-diffusivity constraint at element sides. The fulfilment of the inf-sup condition, typically challenging in developing stable and computationally efficient finite element formulations, is no longer required, a minimisation principle having been adopted, rather than the classical saddle-point principle. The proposed Hybrid Equilibrium Element approach offers a statically admissible solution even in the proximity of singularities or high space gradient stress distribution, providing a more comprehensive assessment of stress distributions and concentrations. The convexity of the new variational principle has been established, ensuring solution uniqueness. The formulation is based on a 2-D triangular Hybrid Equilibrium Element employed to solve plane strain problems. The element has been implemented in the Open source Finite Element Analysis Program (FEAP) and its performance evaluated against classical benchmark problems for poroelasticity, with the emphasis on stress accuracy. The numerical results obtained for the quasi-static analysis of poroelastic systems show the advantages of the proposed approach, in which accurate stress distributions are displayed, even adopting quite coarse meshes. Remarkably, in the proposed approach no stabilisation technique is required.

Investigating the geomechanical behavior and mechanism of clay stabilization with natural zeolite and nano-magnetite under accelerated curing conditions (ACC)

Chemical stabilization is a commonly used technique for ground improvement. Traditional methods of chemical soil stabilization rely on additives such as cement and lime, which are relatively expensive and not environmentally friendly. Therefore, using accessible natural pozzolans, such as zeolite, in soil stabilization is an effective and economical option. This study investigated the effect of zeolite and nano-magnetite on the geomechanical behavior of fine-grained clayey soil. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and electrical conductivity (EC) tests were performed on both stabilized and unstabilized samples. The samples were cured under standard curing conditions (SCC) and accelerated curing conditions (ACC). The UCS and UPV results for the clay sample containing 5% zeolite and 1% nano-magnetite showed significant increases of 85% and 48% under SCC and 174% and 59% under ACC, respectively, compared to untreated clayey soil. Additionally, the clay mixture containing 5% zeolite and 1% nano-magnetite, which achieved the highest UCS and UPV values under ACC, exhibited increases of 166 kPa and 100 m/s, respectively, compared to SCC. Moreover, the EC value decreased by approximately 51% and 60% for the samples with the highest strength in SCC and ACC, respectively. Based on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, the impact of zeolite and nano-magnetite on improving compaction and promoting hydrothermal reactions was evident, supporting the higher geomechanical results obtained. Overall, the findings suggest that using zeolite and nano-magnetite offers a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution for stabilizing clayey soil in civil engineering projects.

Cobalt-nickel sulfide hierarchical hollow microspheres to boost electrochemical activity for supercapacitors

Cobalt-nickel bimetallic sulfides are promising candidates for supercapacitors due to their high theoretical specific capacity, good electrical conductivity and fast redox kinetics. Nevertheless, they confront challenges such as poor cycling stability, volume expansion, and complicated synthesis methods. To address these issues, in this work, a MOF-assisted synthesis strategy is developed to achieve the one-pot formation cobalt-nickel sulfide hollow microspheres. The 2D nanosheet-constructed hierarchical hollow configuration promotes rapid electron/ion transfer, provides more active sites and effectively mitigates volume expansion during cycling. The optimized Co1Ni4S exhibits high electrochemical performance, such as a specific capacity of 277.2 mA h/g (2217 F g−1) at 1 A g−1, remarkable cycling stability with ∼100 % retention after 5000 cycles, and favorable rate capability with 84.8 % retention at 20 A g−1. Furthermore, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled with the Co1Ni4S and active carbon (AC) derived from lotus pollen achieves an energy density of 86.9 Wh kg−1 at 800.1 W kg−1, along with significant cycling stability (97.1 % retentions over 30,000 cycles). These superior results showcase a simple one-step method for developing superior-performing electrode materials applicable to advanced supercapacitors.

Eco-friendly synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles fabricated using Fioria vitifolia L. and their Biomedical Potentials

The present study aimed to environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO NPs using Fioria vitifolia leaf extracts which provides a sustainable and green approach for production of NPs. The produced ZnO NPs were evaluated using various spectrum approaches (UV-vis, FTIR XRD, TEM and EDAX). The synthesized ZnO NPs was confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy exhibited a peak at 370 nm. SEM imaging revealed a flash-like and needle-like bottom morphology. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis detected vibrations corresponding to alcohols, halides, and aromatics functional groups. TEM showed spherical-shaped NPs with an average diameter of 11 nm. XRD analysis exhibited distinct peaks at 2θ values of 31.7°, 34.3°, 36.2°, 47.4°, 56.6°, 62.8°, 66.4°, 67.9°, 69.1°, and 76.8°, corresponding to the crystallographic planes (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112), (201), (004), and (202) planes respectively. The antibacterial activity demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against E. coli (17±0.6 mm) and S. aureus (23.7±0.5 mm), and inhibition of biofilm formation in S. aureus and C. albicans. Additionally, S. mutans exhibited the highest sensitivity to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO NPs, with complete inhibition occurring at 7.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, antioxidant DPPH assays exhibited IC50 values of 42 μg/mL. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of ZnO NPs of F. vitifolia were evaluated in-vitro using models utilizing the human red blood cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization method (MSM), and it was shown to have an MSM of 83.87% at 250 μg/mL. Furthermore, ZnO NPs exhibited anticancer activity against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 35.50 μg/mL. Toxicological evaluation of FV-ZnO nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos indicated low toxicity at maximum concentration. These is first findings suggest that ZnO NPs synthesized from F. vitifolia leaf extracts possess significant antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Additionally, their low toxicity in zebrafish embryos makes them suitable for further development in antimicrobial therapies with minimal side effects, offering a sustainable, biocompatible solution to tackle multidrug-resistant microbial infections.

Effect of Flax By-Products on the Mechanical and Cracking Behaviors of Expansive Soil.

Expansive soils, prone to significant volume changes with moisture fluctuations, challenge engineering infrastructure due to their swelling and shrinking. Traditional stabilization methods, including mechanical and chemical treatments, often have high material and environmental costs. This study explores fibrous by-products of flax processing, a sustainable alternative, for reinforcing expansive clay soil. Derived from the Linum usitatissimum plant, flax fibers offer favorable mechanical properties and environmental benefits. The research evaluates the impact of flax tow (FT) reinforcement on enhancing soil strength and reducing cracking. The results reveal that incorporating up to 0.6% randomly distributed FTs, consisting of technical flax fibers and shives, significantly improves soil properties. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increased by 29%, with 0.6% FT content, reaching 525 kPa, compared to unreinforced soil and further flax tow additions, which led to a decrease in UCS. This reduction is attributed to diminished soil-fiber interactions and increased fiber clustering. Additionally, flax tows effectively reduce soil cracking. The crack length density (CLD) decreased by 6% with 0.4% FTs, and higher concentrations led to increased cracking. The crack index factor (CIF) decreased by 71% with 0.4% flax tows but increased with higher FT concentrations. Flax tows enhance soil strength and reduce cracking while maintaining economic and environmental efficiency, offering a viable solution for stabilizing expansive clays in geotechnical applications.

Ether‐Free Alkaline Polyelectrolytes for Water Electrolyzers: Recent Advances and Perspectives

AbstractAnion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) have attracted great interest for their potential as sustainable, environmentally friendly, low‐cost sources of renewable energy. Alkaline polyelectrolytes play a crucial role in AEMWEs, determining their performance and longevity. Because heteroatom‐containing polymers have been shown to have poor durability in alkaline conditions, this review focuses on ether‐free alkaline polyelectrolytes, which are more chemically stable. The merits, weaknesses, and challenges in preparing ether‐free AEMs are summarized and highlighted. The evaluation of synthesis methods for polymers, modification strategies, and cationic stability will provide insights valuable for the structural design of future alkaline polyelectrolytes. Moreover, the in situ degradation mechanisms of AEMs and ionomers during AEMWE operation are revealed. This review provides insights into the design of alkaline polyelectrolytes for AEMWEs to accelerate their widespread commercialization.

Innovative multi-trial breeding and genotype screening in triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) for enhanced stability under drought stress.

Triticale is a man-made crop produced by crossing wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rye (Secal cereal) with the aim of increasing the adaptability and potential production of its parental line (wheat) under environmental stresses and harsh conditions. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are as follow, a: compare different stability measurement methods regarding their suitability, b: identify most stable genotypes for cultivar release, and c: provide a freely available package in R programming language (named 'Stbidx') capable of exploiting all stability methods for similar studies. Accordingly, 30 triticale genotypes were evaluated for their stability and adaptability to changing environments during four consecutive years from 2016 to 2020 in different locations in Iran (one year in Zarghan, two years in Ghorveh, one year in Sanandaj) and under two different irrigation regimes (normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions). All 30 triticale genotypes were cultivated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in each environment (12 environments: 6 trials in 2 conditions). Grain yield of triticale genotypes was measured and it applied to calculate all known stability indices (univariate methods) along with the meta-analysis models were evaluated in this study. Additionally, two novel techniques (Stability ID: SID and AMMI PC Value: APCV) were introduced and successfully tested for screening stable genotypes. These methods were introduced to improve and resolve the limitation of the previous stability methods. Meanwhile, heatmap analysis, as a proper data-mining technique, has been successfully applied for the first time to find stable genotypes in different environments in this study. The results clearly indicated a higher suitability of our introduced methods over previous multi-trials screening methods. Based on our methods and considering all environments, triticale genotypes ELTTCL21 (SID = 8.00; APCV = 28.12), ELTTCL25‌ (SID = 8.14; APCV = 30.02), ELTTCL30 (SID = 8.43; APCV = 17.00), ET-90-8 (SID = 14.00; APCV = 42.05), and Sanabad (SID = 10.57; APCV = 12.44) were among stable genotypes and they can be nominated as new cultivars. Additionally, for stress condition genotypes ELTTCL30 (stress: 380.6g/m2) and ELTTCL18 (stress: 360.79g/m2) and for normal condition genotypes ET-90-4 (normal: 849.4g/m2) and ELTTCL20 (normal:845g/m2) were respectively the most proper genotypes with the highest production to be considered for each condition separately.

Biomechanical Comparison of Spacer Pin Fixation to Two Established Methods of Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Stabilization in Dogs.

The aim of this cadaveric study was to compare the biomechanical outcomes of three methods of stabilization for tibial tuberosity transposition to treat medial patellar luxation: a complete osteotomy with a two-pin and tension band wire (TBW) fixation (TBW group), a partial osteotomy with a two-pin fixation (2 Pin group), and a partial osteotomy with a spacer pin fixation (Spacer Pin group). Thirty medium to large-sized canine cadaveric tibiae were dissected and randomly assigned to one of three groups: TBW, 2 Pin, and Spacer Pin groups. The patellar ligaments were loaded in tension until ultimate failure. Ultimate failure force and mode of failure were documented, stiffness was calculated, and the results were compared statistically between the three treatment groups. There were not any significant differences in ultimate failure force or stiffness between groups. All groups predominantly failed by patellar ligament failure, with distal tibial crest fracture/displacement being the second-most common mode in the 2 Pin and Spacer Pin groups. The mechanical properties of the spacer pin stabilization were not different from the TBW and 2 Pin groups. The spacer pin technique could be an alternative way to stabilize tibial tuberosity following tibial tuberosity transposition with a partial osteotomy based on this cadaveric load-to-failure model.

The Punch Graft Technique: A Simplified Protocol for Three-Dimensional Peri-Implant Soft and/or Hard Tissue Augmentation in a Single Step.

This article describes a clinical protocol utilizing soft tissue augmentation alone or in combination with guided bone regeneration (GBR), introducing simultaneous application of the one abutment one time concept for three-dimensional reconstruction of the deficient ridge. Soft and hard tissue quality and dimensions are fundamental elements for long lasting results in implant dentistry. Different techniques have been described for soft and hard tissue augmentation at time of implant placement presenting favorable results. However, multiple abutment disconnections during the prosthetic phase of treatment can compromise the results achieved during surgery. The purpose of this article is to present a surgical protocol that allows three-dimensional ridge reconstruction involving soft tissue augmentation alone, or in combination with hard tissue augmentation in one single step with the use of an one-time intermediate abutment as an anchorage device for the regenerative materials. Two clinical cases utilizing the proposed protocol are also presented, demonstrating favorable results. The application of the proposed protocol simplifies the surgical phase of treatment, protects the achieved result and enables a favorable outcome in decreased time. Utilising an intermediate abutment as an anchorage device at time of surgery can be proven an easy to apply and biologically favorable alternative way to other methods of soft tissue graft stabilization proposed in the past.

Blind 3D Video Stabilization with Spatio-Temporally Varying Motion Blur

Video stabilization is a challenging task that attempts to compensate for the overall frame shake during video acquisition. Existing three-dimensional video stabilization methods aim at modeling camera perspective projection through either data-driven training or explicit motion estimation. However, the above methods are difficult to effectively solve the issue of shaky videos with abrupt object movements, resulting in local motion blur in the direction of the movement. This phenomenon is prevalent in real-world scenarios featuring foreground blind motion scenes. Unfortunately, directly combining stabilization and deblurring methods poses challenges when dealing with this situation. In the video, the intensity of motion blur undergoes continuous changes, and the direct combination method inadequately utilizes spatiotemporal information, providing insufficient clues for cross-frame compensation. To alleviate this problem, the Cross-frame-temporal Module framework is proposed to address blind motion blur induced by various conditions, which utilizes cross-frame temporal features to estimate depth maps and camera motion. In this framework, a Blur Transform Network (BTNet) is designed to adapt to spatially varying motion blur, which transforms local regions according to the impact of blur intensities to adapt to the effects of non-uniform motion blur; furthermore, our Temporal-Aware Network (TANet) further suppresses motion blur by leveraging cross-frame temporal features. In addition, the limited availability of pair-training video data containing motion blur limits the application of this approach in practice. The Cross-frame-temporal Module framework adopts an un-pretrained in-test training strategy. Extensive experimental results have demonstrated that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Mechanical Performance and Life Cycle Assessment of Soil Stabilization Solutions for Unpaved Roads from Northeast Brazil

This article presents the results of laboratory tests conducted to identify the granulometric stabilization and chemical improvement techniques used in an experimental segment of the unpaved BR-030 highway in the Maraú Peninsula, Bahia. The segment was designed to evaluate the performance of primary coating sections stabilized with sand, clayey gravel, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and simple graded crushed stone (GCS), as well as chemically improved with Portland cement and hydrated lime. The laboratory campaign focused on mechanical resistance, resilient modulus, and permanent deformation tests. In this research, chemical improvement with the addition of 2% Portland cement presented the most promising results for potential application in the section of the BR-030 highway intended to remain unpaved. Additionally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) revealed that mechanical stabilization of the primary coating has the lowest environmental impacts, making it a suitable and sustainable option among stabilization methods.

Briquetting of black soldier fly frass as a post-harvest stabilization strategy

ABSTRACT The production–consumption cycle needs a transition towards a circular economy where waste valorization is included. This study investigated briquetting as a stabilization method for black soldier fly frass (BSFF) with faecal matter, pig manure, and poultry manure as the larvae feed. Herein, dried BSFF was pyrolyzed at 350 °C for 2 h to produce biochar then mixed with charcoal dust in equal ratio to produce biobriquettes through densification, with cassava gel (10 wt%) as binder. One-way ANOVA showed statistical significance in carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon of the briquettes. The fixed carbon, volatile matter, moisture, and ash content ranged from 29.66 ± 0.86 to 42.01 ± 0.92, 29.26 ± 0.52 to 32.59 ± 0.80, 2.95 ± 0.1 to 5.08 ± 0.04, and 21.48 ± 0.14 to 37.20 ± 0.29, respectively. The calorific value of the produced briquettes ranged from 16.25 ± 0.57 to 20.70 ± 0.53 MJ/kg, which exceeds the minimum requirement of 14.5 MJ/kg recommended for non-woody briquettes. During combustion, concentrations of NOx, N2O, CO, and CO2 varied significantly across the treatments with the acacia charcoal having the highest concentration of CO. Briquetting is a potential stabilization method for frass resulting in waste reduction, bioenergy production, reduced adverse effects of climate change, and enhanced sustainability.

Anti –Inflammatory Activity of Propolis Trigona sp. Water Extract from North Lombok with Red Blood Cell Membrane Stability Method

Propolis is a bee product that can be used as an anti-inflammatory. Cultivation of propolis-producing bees is also carried out in North Lombok. However, propolis has not been utilized optimally by the people of North Lombok. Apart from that, testing of North Lombok propolis is still limited to the chemical content and antioxidant activity of propolis extracted with ethanol solvent. Therefore, this study aims to determine the activity and effective concentration of North Lombok propolis water extract as an anti-inflammatory using the red blood cell membrane stability method. Groups include control groups such as positive control (diclofenac sodium), negative control (distilled water), and test groups (propolis water extract concentrations of 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%, 27.5%, and 30%). In The first step human blood was centrifuged of human blood, and then part of the red blood cells (sediment) was taken and saline was added to obtain a red blood cell suspension. Next, mixing the test solution was carried out in the order of 0.5 ml of red blood cell suspension, then 0.5 ml of extract was added (0.1% w/v Na-diclofenac solution in the positive control, distilled water in the negative control), 1 mL of buffer solution and 2 mL of hyposaline solution, then homogenized. Each group was incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes, then centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3000 rpm. The supernatant was taken, and the absorbance was read with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 560 nm. Next, the percentage value of red blood cell hemolysis protection was calculated. The data obtained were tested statistically using One-way ANOVA and post-hoc (LSD) tests SPSS version 29. The results showed that propolis water extract concentrations were 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%, 27.5%, and 30% have anti-inflammatory activity because they can increase the stability of the red blood cell membrane with a percentage of hemolysis protection of respectively 57.92%, 59.99%, 60.99%, 61.99%, 64.31%, 69.59%, 75.07%, 79.77% and 84.45%. Propolis water extract concentrations of 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, and 25% had anti-inflammatory effects that were not significantly different from the positive control (p>0.05). The 27.5 % and 30% concentrations had a higher percent hemolysis protection value than the positive control (p<0.05).

Kinetics Enhancement of High‐Voltage LCO via In‐Situ Formed Cyanide‐Rich Polymer Interfaces

AbstractLithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) is widely used as cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries due to its high operation voltage and high specific capacity. However, conventional LiCoO2 (LCO) undergoes severe structural phase transitions and compositional changes at high voltage (>4.4 V) leading to failure. Herein, a multifunctional crosslinked polymer interface is insitu formed on LCO particles, which can build a nanoscale conformal coating layer on the interface of LCO, preventing the side reaction with the electrolyte. Moreover, thanks to its high‐voltage talerances and high Li+ conductivity, the in‐situ polymerized interface has excellent high‐voltage stability and Li+ transport kinetics, which significantly improves the electrochemical performances of LCO at 4.55 or 4.6 V. This study confirms the feasibility of in situ polymer modification of LCO, providing new ideas and methods for the structural stabilization and performance enhancement of high‐voltage lithium cobalt oxides.

Dynamic Control of Piezoelectric Sandwich Beams with Multi-Frequency Excitations

In this work, we present a non-linear analysis of the dynamics of a sandwich beam with piezoelectric patches under multi-frequency excitations. The model takes into account geometrical non-linearities, piezoelectric non-linearities, and inertia. Hamilton’s principle is used to determine the electromechanical equation of motion, and Garlekin’s technique is used to determine the equivalent model of the piezoelectric generator. A mathematical methodology based on the multi-scale method for vibration control and stability is reviewed in this work to determine a system of amplitude and phase equations. The control of primary and secondary mode resonances is developed, and feedback effects are analyzed for small and large amplitudes of vibrations of sandwich beams. Frequency response curves are presented and discussed for various gain parameters.

Deep network based approaches to mitigate seasonal effects in SAR images for deforestation monitoring

Abstract. Most deforestation monitoring programs are based on optical images, which are severely affected by clouds, especially in tropical regions. As an alternative, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are minimally affected by atmospheric conditions. However, one of the challenges inherent in such approaches is the effect of seasonal rainforest variations over the SAR images. Recently proposed stabilization algorithms mitigate this effect with significant accuracy gains, however, at the cost of higher computational resources, needed to accommodate long temporal SAR image sequences. This work addresses this issue and presents two alternative solutions that attain similar or better accuracy at a much lower computational requirements. One solution is based on a ResUnet, while the second combines an LSTM and a UNet. Both approaches were tested using raw and stabilized pairs as well as raw sequences. Experiments have indicated that both approaches can mitigate the seasonality effect using a much shorter SAR image sequences than modern stabilization methods require. The results with the multitemporal input outperformed those with the preprocessed bitemporal set by 4.3% in Recall, 1.7% in Precision, and 2.7% in F1-Score, also delivering the best deforestation probability maps.

MQGA: A quantitative analysis of brain network hubs using multi-graph theoretical indices

Recent advancements in large-scale network studies have shown that connector hubs and provincial hubs are vital for coordinating complex cognitive tasks by facilitating information transfer between and within specialized modules. However, current methods for identifying these hubs often lack standardized measurement criteria, hindering quantitative analysis. This study proposes a novel computational method utilizing multi-graph theoretical index calculations to quantitatively analyze hub attributes in brain networks. Using benchmark network, random simulation network (N = 100), resting fMRI data from the ADHD-200 NYU dataset (HC = 110, ADHD = 146), and the Peking dataset (HC = 120, ADHD = 83), we introduce the Multi-criteria Quantitative Graph Analysis (MQGA) method, which employs betweenness centrality, degree centrality, and participation coefficient to determine the connector (con) hub index and provincial (pro) hub index. The method's accuracy, reliability, and stability were validated through correlation analysis of hub indices and labels, vulnerability tests, and consistency analysis across subjects. Results indicate that as network sparsity increases, the con hub index increases while the pro hub index decreases, with the optimal hub node index at 4 % sparsity. Vulnerability tests revealed that removing con nodes had a greater impact on network integrity than removing pro nodes. Both con and pro exhibited stability in consistency analyses, but con was more stable. The stability of hub scores in disease groups was significantly lower than in the healthy control group. High con values were found in the precuneus, postcentral gyrus, and precentral gyrus, whereas high pro values were identified in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, precuneus, and superior temporal gyrus. This approach enhances the accuracy and sensitivity of hub node identification, facilitating precise comparisons and producing consistent, replicable results, advancing our understanding of brain network hub nodes, their roles in cognitive processes, and their implications for brain disease research.