Scientific Research Research Articles

A comprehensive analysis of Cestrum nocturnum: Its phytochemical composition, pharmacological applications, and toxicity profile in the context of traditional medicinal practices

According to traditional medicine, the study gives a full look at the phytochemical makeup, pharmacological uses, and toxic profile of Cestrum nocturnum (night-blooming jasmine). The review sought to connect traditional knowledge with scientific evidence, assessing the therapeutic potential and safety concerns linked to this plant. The methods involved conducting a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature and ethnobotanical databases. The focus was on studies that examined the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and toxicological properties of Cestrum nocturnum. The data pertaining to traditional uses, active compounds, therapeutic effects, dosage, and adverse reactions were thoroughly extracted and carefully analyzed. The results indicate that Cestrum nocturnum contains a range of phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and essential oils. Pharmacological studies have extensively documented its various effects, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, and sedative properties. Common applications involve the treatment of ailments like epilepsy, anxiety, and skin disorders. Nevertheless, there have been some concerns raised about the plant's toxicity, specifically related to the presence of solanine alkaloids. In conclusion, Cestrum nocturnum shows great potential as a source of bioactive compounds that could have valuable therapeutic applications. However, more research is needed, including thorough clinical trials and toxicity assessments, to determine the safety and effectiveness of this treatment for specific conditions. This review highlights the significance of combining traditional knowledge with scientific validation to fully harness the potential of Cestrum nocturnum in modern medicine, while also prioritizing its safe and responsible utilization. Keywords: Cestrum nocturnum, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, traditional medicine

Studies on Ottoman Sherbets from the Past to Present

Sherbet, a beverage with a rich historical significance in Turkish culinary culture, traces its origins to the Turks of Central Asia. However, its popularity experienced a significant decline during the 1960s with the rise of the beverage industry. This traditional drink, once widely consumed in the Ottoman Empire, has since been overshadowed by carbonated beverages and tea. Factors such as the enhanced refreshing sensation of carbonated beverages, their constant availability, extended shelf life, and consistent flavor contribute to this shift. This study underscores the ancient origins of sherbet and its considerable impact on cultural life, particularly during the Ottoman Empire. Additionally, it examines sherbets made during the Ottoman period from a food technology perspective, incorporating production recipes for 25 different sherbets for potential contemporary commercial use. Moreover, the study compiles recent scientific investigations on newly produced sherbets, including their production techniques and bioactive properties. The primary aim of this study is to contribute to reproducing the most popular sherbets consumed during the Ottoman period using modern production and preservation techniques, making them accessible to the public.

Population Longevity Trends in the Republic of Uzbekistan

A scientific analysis of the trends in longevity of the population in the Republic of Uzbekistan was conducted. Various approaches to the classification of old age of human life, the study of longevity in scientific subjects, the results of research conducted by specialists in this field, the main characteristics of various factors affecting longevity were covered. The indicators of old age and life expectancy in the Republic and regions were studied. Including: longevity indicators for the entire population, longevity indicators for men and women, an index, a longevity table in the Republic of Uzbekistan were calculated, and an assessment of the socio-demographic situation in the regions was given.

Enhancing food security through scientific research in Algeria. A novel vision and unified national strategy

In this viewpoint we present the Algerian approach adopted to achieve a useful collaboration between researchers and socioeconomic partners to ensure food security.

Morphofunctional indicators of the body students of the medical university

Introduction. The period of adolescence accounts for the completion of the growth processes of the body, and the beginning of stabilization of functional indicators, which, as more plastic factors, are more sensitive to environmental conditions. Measuring, evaluating, and predicting morphofunctional parameters of the body of medical university students, taking into account regional standards of physical development, is one of the priorities of modern medicine and scientific research in general.The aim of the study is to study the features of anthropometric and functional characteristics, vegetotype of medical university students in comparison with the current regional standard.Materials and methods. Anthropometric and functional parameters were measured in 300 medical students (77 males, 223 females), aged 19,1±0,88 years.Results. It is shown that anthropometric characteristics of students significantly exceed the regional standard, in boys it is body length (p<0,01), and weight-height ratio (p<0,05), in girls it is body length, chest circumference and weight-height ratio (p<0,01). Cardiointervalography parameters revealed 4,01 % vagotonics, 88,33 % eutonics and 7,62 % sympathotonics, a significant difference (p<0,01) was also found in linear cardiointervalogram parameters in cohorts of these vegetotypes. Functional indices in absolute terms revealed compliance with the regional standard only in vital capacity of lungs, carpal dynamometry is significantly lower than the standard, in girls (p<0,01), boys (p<0,05), haemodynamics in terms of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate significantly (p<0,01) exceeds the reference values. Integral functional indices: vital index, vegetative index, minute volume of respiration differ significantly by sex (p<0,05); Kerdo index, minute volume of blood circulation showed a significant difference by vegetotype (p<0,05); pulse pressure showed a significant difference by sex and vegetotype (p<0,01).Conclusion. The studies showed statistically significant excesses relative to the regional standard in young men in body length (p<0,01) and mass-height ratio (p<0,05), in chest circumference in girls (p<0,01); in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in boys and girls (p<0,01). Absolute and integral indices of cardio-respiratory system are significantly higher in sympathotonics than in vagotonics. Young men, relative to girls, demonstrate higher absolute, linear values of cardiointervalogram (p<0,01), in the whole population these indices are within the range of norm of the regional standard. Among students the majority 88,33 % have normotonic type of ANS. The obtained results, in our opinion, show the need for systematic monitoring of objective morphofunctional state of modern youth.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Digital Teaching Competencies of Vocational College Educators: A Comparative Study

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current status, key factors, and future trends in the evaluation of digital teaching competencies among vocational college educators, both domestically and internationally. In China, vocational colleges have markedly enhanced teachers' digital teaching capabilities through various evaluation methods, including self-evaluation, peer evaluation, and student feedback, integrated with diverse teaching activities such as classroom observations, lesson plan evaluations, and digital resource production. However, challenges remain in the evaluation system, particularly in balancing technical assessments with innovations in teaching and student interaction. Internationally, regions such as the United States, the European Union, and Russia have developed robust evaluation systems that emphasize the deep integration of technology with pedagogical practices, digital literacy, and interdisciplinary competencies. These systems offer clear evaluation criteria, scientific methodologies, and diverse approaches, providing valuable insights for China's educational framework. Moving forward, the evaluation of digital teaching competencies in vocational colleges is expected to become more detailed and multi-faceted, with a heightened focus on media resource design and the integration of school-industry partnerships to advance teaching practices and professional development.

Belief in divine (versus human) control of earth affects perceived threat of climate change

Religious characteristics are predictive of Americans’ skepticism toward climate-related science and policy. Though attributable to a variety of interrelated factors, we propose specific religious beliefs help explain the dynamic in part. Specifically, we theorize that belief in divine (versus human) control over Earth’s climate likely engenders skepticism toward scientific claims that human behavior is leading Earth toward environmental crisis. Regression analyses with national survey data (N = 5321) demonstrate that believing “God would not allow humans to destroy the Earth” is associated with lower concern about climate change. Next, a pre-registered survey experiment (N = 3345) finds that manipulating belief in God’s—vis-à-vis humans’—control of Earth’s climate reduced the perceived severity of climate change and need for policy intervention. Our manipulation also reduced demand for climate-related information from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. These results establish an important causal link between a religious belief and climate change attitudes in the U.S. public.

Analysis of Critical and Positivist Accounting Theory in Latin America

This article establishes an analysis of the first contributions and the importance of the Critical and Positivist theories of accounting in Latin America over the years, through the study of scientific articles by recognized accounting experts from different countries on the theories. . Also, carry out a bibliographic examination of criticism and positivism applied to accounting, resulting in the correlation of concepts focused on accounting in Latin America. The type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach with the purpose of developing a discussion of the Critical and Positivist theories of accounting in Latin America. Obtaining a greater scope to understand that this social science is immersed in two currents that are based on the fact that knowledge is obtained through practice and can be verified through scientific methods, establishing the importance of understanding the contributions that the critical and positivist theory in the field of accounting science.

Renaming (and Reshaping) The University of Edinburgh’s “Oriental” Manuscript Collection

The University of Edinburgh holds a substantial collection of manuscripts in Persian, Arabic, Turkish, and South Asian languages, formerly known as the “Oriental Manuscript Collection”. This article reports recent steps taken to make this collection, which consists largely of manuscripts collected by Scottish East India Company officials between the late 18th and mid 19th centuries C.E, relevant to the present day global audience, and to widen access to it. This includes its renaming as "Manuscripts of the Islamicate World and South Asia", and the creation of a digitally searchable catalogue on the ArchivesSpace platform, largely through the use of “legacy data” from a 1925 printed catalogue, yet with a focus on making provenance information readily available. We discuss the challenges involved in renaming, and indeed reinterpreting, a historical collection whilst adhering to the principles of archival and library science. We share the methodology used to create our digitally searchable catalogue, a relatively simple model that may well prove useful for those curating similar collections.

Reparative Urban Science: Challenging the Myth of Neutrality and Crafting Data-Driven Narratives

I offer how urban planning should approach technology within the context of systemic racism, advocating for a reparative approach to address the issues of urban technology perpetuating today’s racial inequality and hindering efforts to redress historical oppression. I identify three mechanisms – formalization, context removal and legitimization, and penalization and extraction – that illustrate how urban technology perpetuates historical inequalities, often penalizing marginalized groups under the pretext of neutrality and fairness. Then, I discuss methodologies of reparative urban science, aiming to use urban technology to challenge race-neutral ideologies and create data-driven narratives for reparations.

The concept that went viral: Using machine learning to discover charisma in the wild.

The term "charisma" is recognized as sociology's most successful export to common speech. While sociologists habitually dismiss popular uses of the word, we address its vernacularity head on as a worthy object of study and as a potential resource for conceptual development. Using machine learning, we locate "charisma" within the wider discursive field out of which it arises (and continues to arise) across four corpora; namely: Weber's major writings; social scientific research (123,531 JSTOR articles); and social media ("X") posts containing of "charisma" (n=77,161) and its 2023 variant, "rizz" (n=85,869). By capturing meaning structures that discursively suspend "charisma" across multiple dimensions, we discern three spectrathat help todistinguish charisma's sociological and non-sociological uses. Spectrumone differentiates perspectives which see charisma as having either a structural or individual-level range of efficacy. Spectrumtwo differentiates indifferent/analytical perspectives on charisma from perspectives which see it as desirable but also morally conservative. Spectrumthree differentiates between relational and individualized ontologies for charisma. We find that, rather than hewing closely to the Weberian formulation, social scientific uses exist in an intermediate position vis-à-vis these three spectra. Thus, scholars participate in what they otherwise criticize as charisma's vulgarization. The article concludes with recommendations for how to constructively interact with 'popular charisma.'

Competencias investigativas en docentes de ciencias de la salud

Teaching is a task that usually requires scientific research because, from it, knowledge is strengthened not only in the area of teaching performance but also in the development of pedagogical strategies. Considering these ideas, this article has proposed as a general objective, to characterize the research competencies of Health Sciences teachers in universities in Ecuador. In its methodological orientation, it is descriptive research with a documentary design that uses known databases, including Dialnet, Google Academic, and Scielo. Thus, authors and research are selected concerning the dimensions of teaching research competencies, that is, research, publications, methodological expertise, and digital literacy. Subsequently, the results are presented in categorical tables or analytical matrices that contrast the theoretical elements with some realities of universities in the country, specifically in the health area. Among the study findings, the need to strengthen teachers' research skills is specified based on their scientific production, the number of publications, and their task in terms of forging the student profiles they are in charge of in the classroom. It concludes with the projection of the desired teaching profile, in terms of skills for research in the field of health, which is pertinent to promote in higher education centers in Ecuador.

High -resolution Time Interval Measurement Research based on FPGA

In modern scientific research and engineering practice, high -precision measurement of time interval between two or more physical events is often required. After years of development, there are currently many ways to measure a variety of high -precision time interval. If you implement different technologies, it can be divided into two categories: simulation and numbers. The simulation method is mainly to convert T to voltage by charging capacitance and then convert it into a digital amount through the modulus. However, the traditional simulation methods include the shortcomings of temperature sensitivity and long conversion time. Therefore, digital methods are generally used to achieve measurement. Common digital measurement methods include direct counting method, tap latency method, and cursor method. However, common measurement methods cannot meet actual needs. Therefore, this article relies on the FPGA platform to achieve a time interval measurement method with resolution to Ana second -level.

Optical and thermoplasmonic properties of core (AuxAg1- x)- shell (Au) nanostructures

The optical and thermoplasmonic properties of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) offer a wide range of possibilities for designing functional materials and innovative nanotechnological devices. Their exploration is generating increasing interest in experimental and theoretical scientific research. The combination of noble metals such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) within the same nanostructure, in the form of an alloy or core/shell arrangement, presents several advantages and potential applications. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) is used to study the optical response and nanoscale heat generation capability of bimetallic core/shell nanospheres composed of a mixed alloy (AuxAg1−x)-core and an Au-shell. First, we studied the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties by generating absorption spectra. Our results show that the position and amplitude of the SPR peak of these nanospheres are strongly influenced by the fractions of Au and Ag metals composing the core, as well as by the Au-shell thickness. In particular, the SPR-peak position can be adjusted between 535nm and 1085nm depending on the composition and structure of these NPs. Secondly, we studied the ability of these NPs to convert absorbed light into heat when exposed to either a continuous wave (cw) laser or a femtosecond pulsed (fs-pulsed) laser. The results demonstrate the ability to control the temperature generated by these NPs based on the core composition, Au-shell thickness, illumination intensity, and the type of illumination (cw or fs-pulsed). In particular, under fs-pulsed illumination, the internal temperature of the NPs is significantly higher than under cw illumination. These findings are crucial for the use of these alloy-core and Au-shell nanoparticles in various thermoplasmonic applications.

Analysis of Research Hot Spots in Chinese and International English Ecohydrological Literature

ABSTRACTTo enhance comprehension of current research progress in the field of ecohydrology and to provide valuable references for future related research, policy formulation and international collaboration, this article relies on ecohydrology‐related literature and citation records in four databases: China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Web of Science (WOS) and Elsevier, up until the end of 2022. We use publication and citation trends analysis along with keyword hotspot analysis using VOS viewer to investigate publication and citation trends in Chinese and English literature. The study systematically analyse the process of keyword changes and research hotspots in Chinese and international English literature, providing a detailed explanation of the differences in research hotspots and the reasons for their formation. The research indicates that since the inception of the term ‘ecohydrology’, relevant literature has displayed sluggish growth alongside rapid development. Additionally, alterations in primary keywords have differed between Chinese and English literature over time. However, ‘groundwater’ has consistently retained a significant amount of attention within Chinese literature. Groundwater has been extensively studied in Chinese literature, with a particular focus on eco‐hydrological processes, their effects, modelling and techniques. Similarly, English language literature is abundant with keywords denoting pivotal concepts like the environment, hydrology, fauna and rivers. These areas have been the focal points of research for international scholars. Regional characteristics, ecological conditions, economic development level and scientific research priorities, among other factors, are all significant contributors to the development of the field of ecohydrology. Differences in research hotspots can also be attributed to geographical characteristics, ecological environment conditions and scientific research priorities. Over the past decade, there has been a gradual convergence in research between Chinese and English literature. The current hotspots of research in ecohydrology include basic research, theoretical applications and adaptive wide‐area mechanistic research. In the future, the discipline of ecohydrology is likely to face numerous challenges and opportunities related to climate change, resource management, and societal needs. Interdisciplinary collaboration, technological innovation and global cooperation will continue to drive breakthroughs in ecohydrology research.

PSXII-8 Environmental cost effects of different manure treatment methods on dairy farms

Abstract The issue of manure disposal in dairy farms has long been a significant challenge afflicting the dairy farming industry, as manure poses various detrimental effects such as greenhouse gas emissions and land pollution. This remains an urgent concern for the industry to address. The traditional tank fermentation oxidation pond form of manure treatment and the new biogas power generation mode of manure treatment are currently widely employed in dairy farming enterprises. The evaluation and analysis of the environmental cost of new treatment modes should be conducted using scientific methods to determine which approach is more environmentally friendly. We selected two dairy farms with roughly the same number of dairy cows and the same management level, and the feed formula of the two dairy farms was basically consistent with the herd structure. Among them, the traditional tank fermentation manure treatment pasture, and the biogas power generation pasture. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method of SimaPro software was used, and the software version was 9.0.0.48. In the life cycle assessment, we take into account the depletion of fossil energy, cement, metals, chemical products, electricity, heat, and mechanical pumps during the process of manure treatment. After accounting, the following conclusions are developed. During the whole life cycle of dairy farming, greenhouse gas emissions mainly fall into three types: methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O). CH4 accounts for 64% of the total emissions, which is mainly produced in the process of animal feeding, and a small part comes from manure treatment. CO2 accounts for 34% of the total emissions from the production of feed raw materials. The smallest proportion of transport and fossil energy consumption is N2O, which is mainly produced by manure treatment processes and accounts for 2% of total emissions. The environmental cost of the traditional tank fermentation oxidation pond is 17.6% greater than that of the new type of biogas power generation.

Alternative treatment methods for bovine mastitis: prospects and limitations (review)

Mastitis remains the most common problem of dairy industry despite the preventive measures and treatment schemes being developed. Antibacterial drugs remain first line agents for therapy of the mammary gland inflammatory diseases in animals. Taking into account the risks associated with antibiotic therapy, such as decreased drug effectiveness due to occurrence of bacterial resistant strains, food safety issues, environmental impact and restrictions on the use of antibacterial drugs in veterinary medicine, an increasing number of scientific studies are addressing new therapeutic agents that can serve as an alternative to conventional therapy. The aim of this review is to give an idea of currently available literature data on alternative methods for the prevention and treatment of mastitis in cattle that are not associated with antibiotics. In general, a significant number of in vitro studies aimed at finding new effective and safe drugs are yielding promising results. This review describes the following alternative remedies: probiotics, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, phage enzymes (endolysins), nanoparticles, plant extracts, essential oils and immunobiological agents (vaccines). Understanding the mechanisms of their action will allow recommending the best treatment option for mastitis in each specific case. These treatment methods can potentially reduce use of antibiotics and increase animal productivity, however more in vivo studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of antibiotics used directly in the conditions of farm settings.

Lokāt (Eriobotrya japonica; family: Rosaceae): Nutritional and Medicinal Properties, in the Light of Unani Medicine and Scientific Studies

Eriobotrya japonica Lind. (Family: Rosaceae) named as loquat, is a subtropical fruit, which is well known medicinal plant cultivated in Japan and China. Various parts, like leaves, peels and fruits have been shown to possess various useful health benefits. In Unani medicine, it is vastly utilized in many illnesses, like fevers, nausea, de-arranged sanguinous humour (diseases due to morbidity of blood), indigestion, liver diseases, vomiting, dysentery, wounds, inflammations etc. Loquat plant contains many active constituents, such as glycosides, flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds, tannin etc. and nutritional and mineral compounds like, carotenoids, vitamins, starch, amino acids, sugar and others. According to various pharmacological studies it is found that the plant has many biological effects like antitussive, anti-melanogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, kidney protective, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic activity. This review aims to shed light on the therapeutic applications of loquat based on both traditional Unani literature and scientific studies conducted on different parts of the plant.

PSLBI-25 Students’ perceptions of an artificial intelligence photo generation tool in upper-level animal science curriculum

Abstract Domesticated livestock behavior (DLB) is an advanced animal science lecture course that emphasizes behavior associated with domestication of various animal species such as livestock, equine, companion animals and exotic species. Meat Science (MS) is an introductory dual lecture and laboratory course that focuses on muscle biology, food-borne illnesses, humane livestock harvesting, and fabrication techniques. With the emerging usage of artificial intelligence (AI) generative technologies, an assignment was developed utilizing the free AI photo generation tool, Craiyon. Students in DLB and MS were tasked with completing an AI assignment, generating images relevant to either DLB or MS concepts, to expose students to AI technologies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine students’ perceptions, knowledge, concerns, and willingness to use AI generative tools and evaluate differences relative to course enrolled (DLB compared with MS). Students (n = 60) enrolled in DLB and MS completed a post-completion survey instrument that consisted of demographic and 5-point Likert-scale questions to gauge student perceptions of the AI assignment. Student survey responses were compiled online using Qualtrics and subsequent respondent data was analyzed using JMP. To give some demographic information relative to the population of students enrolled in DLB and MS, 81 and 76% of the students were female while 19 and 24% were male, respectively. Both courses contained students further along in their degree-seeking program (> 80% Junior or Senior classification). Approximately, 43% of respondents were first generation college students and 66% commute over 14 km daily. When asked about their previous experience using AI generative technologies, 75% of respondents reported no previous experience using AI generative programs. Students enrolled in MS showed a greater concern (P ≤ 0.03) of AI technologies limiting their opportunity to interact and socialize with others as compared with DLB students. Student experience, knowledge, and willingness to use AI tools was not impacted by course enrolled (P ≥ 0.14). Most students reported that they had a positive experience with the AI assignment and felt the experience would be useful in their future (53 and 73%, respectively). Additionally, a majority of students reported that the AI assignment allowed them to visualize concepts and offered a unique learning experience. Participants seemed to have a solid understanding of AI technologies reporting knowledge in tool limitations and inaccurate output. Students were neutral regarding concerns in becoming over-reliant on AI tools and AI use hindering the development of transferable skills. Students felt that AI image generation tools boosted creativity and could be useful in the realm of DLB and MS. Overall, students possessed a general knowledge of AI generative technologies and saw value in using AI image generation tools as it relates to domesticated animal behavior and meat science principles.

An overview of research methods and topics used in Turkological studies

This study examines the past and current status of scientific research methods and topics used in Turkology. The study’s data were sourced from Scopus, a database of prestigious journals and periodicals in the field of social sciences, and the sample of the study consists of studies conducted in the field of Turkology until 2024. In this context, the keywords ‘Turkish language,’ ‘Turkic,’ ‘Turkology,’ ‘Turcology,’ ‘Turcological,’ and ‘Turkish studies’ were searched together with the keywords ‘Quantitative’ and ‘Qualitative.’ As a result of this search, 413 studies were accessed. To reach a wider sample and to provide a general picture of qualified Turkology studies through the Scopus database, the studies in which the keywords ‘Turkish Language’ ‘Turkic’ and ‘Turkology’ were used in the article title, abstract, and keyword were also included in the study. Since the subject area and keyword range are more general, 3,284 studies were reached within the scope of this review. The bibliometric analysis method was used to obtain up-to-date and quantitative data on the studies conducted in the field, and Voswiever and RStudio programs were used. The findings indicate that the significance attributed to scientific research methods in Turkology has continued to increase in recent years.