Method Of Weight Reduction Research Articles

A Lightweight Detection Method for Remote Sensing Images and Its Energy-Efficient Accelerator on Edge Devices.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been extensively employed in remote sensing image detection and have exhibited impressive performance over the past few years. However, the abovementioned networks are generally limited by their complex structures, which make them difficult to deploy with power-sensitive and resource-constrained remote sensing edge devices. To tackle this problem, this study proposes a lightweight remote sensing detection network suitable for edge devices and an energy-efficient CNN accelerator based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). First, a series of network weight reduction and optimization methods are proposed to reduce the size of the network and the difficulty of hardware deployment. Second, a high-energy-efficiency CNN accelerator is developed. The accelerator employs a reconfigurable and efficient convolutional processing engine to perform CNN computations, and hardware optimization was performed for the proposed network structure. The experimental results obtained with the Xilinx ZYNQ Z7020 show that the network achieved higher accuracy with a smaller size, and the CNN accelerator for the proposed network exhibited a throughput of 29.53 GOPS and power consumption of only 2.98 W while consuming only 113 DSPs. In comparison with relevant work, DSP efficiency at an identical level of energy consumption was increased by 1.1-2.5 times, confirming the superiority of the proposed solution and its potential for deployment with remote sensing edge devices.

Feasibility study of topology optimization of the control system frame for the missile with canard configuration

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the new method for optimizing the topology of the control system frame for a canard missile to create its efficient model. Determining the minimum volume of the part risked losing some of the mechanical interfaces and functionality required of the frame. The proposed method must cope with these requirements and include a validation loop of the improved solution proposed by the software. The processing of the mathematical model to a printable form must take into account manufacturing technologies limitations and appropriate curvature continuities to avoid stress concentrations.Design/methodology/approachReal examples from the aerospace industry are presented and the process of determining a prototype is described. The optimization assumed leaving the largest volume of the domain. Strength analyses were performed on both the assembly fasteners and the robust prototype. Once all boundary conditions were validated, topological optimization was performed in the ANSYS environment. The algorithm of the optimization was presented.FindingsObtained fatigues showed the vast potential of topology optimization, efficient method of weight reduction in specific situations. It can be considered as an innovative approach to the manufacturing of products with a structure focused on the best possible correlation of weight and strength, for example of a canard rocket.Originality/valueThe paper introduces precise manufacturing technology of the inner frame for the missile’s control system, which ensures sufficient properties of the material, known as EBM.

Assessment of inhibitory behavior of ethyl 5-cyano-4-(furan-2-yl)-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in molar HCl: Theoretical approaches and experimental investigation

The new ethyl 5-cyano-4-(furan-2-yl)-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate (THP) has been studied to prevent the electrochemical decomposition of carbon steel in an acidic medium used in the production process using electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), weight reduction methods and surface morphological. Computational correlations (DFT and molecular dynamics simulations) were carried out to have more information on the mechanism of inhibition. Experimentally obtained results revealed that the inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration, and the highest effectiveness is reached for 10−3M, with 95.22%, and the compound is classified as a mixed inhibitor. Indeed, the increase in temperature caused an increase in the values of icorr throughout the studied temperature range. Moreover, the obtained results showed that the adsorption on carbon steel is accomplished according to the Langmuir adsorption model and the adsorption parameters reflect that the THP is spontaneously adsorbed by physical adsorption, which increases the barrier energy required for the corrosion reaction. The theoretical approaches used show that THP suggests a perfect adsorption by all its chemical structure.

Designing of composite reticulated shell mounting for reflectors of satellite antennas enhanced ribs

The growth in the number of communication satellites and the increase in antenna signal frequencies places higher demands on the accuracy and mass of reflectors. The accuracy of the reflector depends not only on its structure and materials but is also influenced by its mounting. In this paper, based on the rib-reinforced reflector designed by Bauman Moscow State Technical University, the effect of the reticulated shell mountings with different numbers of interlacing ribs in a shape of a circular truncated cone working in the geosynchronous orbit on the thermal deformation of the reflective surface is investigated by simulations using Siemens NX software. It is concluded that the desired deformation can be obtained when the number of t interlacing is 30. On thermal deformation, the effects of two weight reduction methods, namely reducing the width and thickness of ribs, were also investigated simultaneously. It is shown that reducing the thickness of ribs can achieve the target of mass reduction under the condition of ensuring the accuracy of the reflective surface. It is provided the basis for engineering calculations for practice.

Selected problems of maintaining the serviceability of turbochargers

To increase the filling of the cylinder in the engine, a so-called charge is applied, which consists in increasing the amount of air input under increased pressure and at an unchanged temperature. This increases the density of that air and increases the mass in the engine cylinder. In most cars, the charging is carried out by an exhaust gas turbocharger or a mechanical compressor. This paper presents the issues that concern the failure of turbochargers resulting from their balance by weight reduction method. Selected aspects concerning consequences of incorrect balancing and methods of reducing unbalanced rotor mass. A key part of the work includes a proposal to balance turbochargers of automotive vehicles using the “weight-adjustment” method. In this scope, preliminary studies were presente and conclusions observed during their implementation were described.

Retrospective Analysis of Walking Distance and Use of Medication After Bariatric Surgery

Aim: The objective of this study was to ascertain the drug use and walking distance of individuals after bariatric surgery.
 Material and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 165 individuals. Individuals who underwent bariatric surgery were examined retrospectively after their operations. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and the Walking Impairment Questionnaire.
 Results: The mean age of the individuals included in the study was 40.22±9.63. 52.1% of individuals were female. The body mass index of individuals was 39.63±4.69 before bariatric surgery and 23.94±2.57 in the first year follow-up after bariatric surgery. Forty percent of individuals did not have any chronic illnesses. Among individuals who had been on medication before surgery, 72.4% of those taking psychiatric medications, 57.5% of those taking diabetes medications, and 16% of those taking heart medications discontinued medications after their operations. 81.8% of individuals reported improved sleep quality compared to the period before the operation. The walking distance level of the individuals showed a significant increase in the first year after bariatric surgery compared to the period
 before the surgery.
 Conclusion: The study showed that bariatric surgery is an effective method for weight loss and reduction of comorbidities, as well as leading to a statistically significant reduction in chronic drug use and an increase in sleep quality and walking distance of individuals

The use of the GLP-1 analog - dulaglutide in the treatment of morbid obesity - case report

Obesity is a disease that is diagnosed in an increasing number of people around the world. Its development is influenced by many factors, both environmental and genetic. It leads to the development of further diseases, thus contributing to a reduction in life expectancy. There are many methods used to treat overweight and obesity. The most important element of the therapeutic process is a reduced diet and physical activity. However, it is often not sufficient, therefore it is becoming more and more common to introduce pharmacotherapy into treatment. One drug is dulaglutide (Trulicity), a GLP-1 analog with promising results. It was included in the treatment of a 49-year-old patient who was diagnosed with morbid obesity. The patient had been struggling with obesity since childhood, and the previously used methods of weight reduction did not bring satisfactory results. After switching to Trulicity (1.5 mg / 0.5 mL s.c.) taken once a week, it was possible to achieve a significant decrease in body weight and the well-being of the patient. If it is officially registered in the treatment of this disease in the future, there is a chance that the results of therapy will improve in many patients.

ANALISA KOROSI PADA TANGKI REAKTOR TRIGA 2000 MENGGUNAKAN METODE INSPEKSI ULTRASONIK DAN INSPEKSI VISUAL (UNDERWATER CAMERA)

A reactor is a process device where a reaction takes place, be it a chemical or nuclear reaction and not physically. Nuclear reactors are used for various purposes, namely to create, regulate, and maintain a nuclear chain reaction at a constant rate. One method of monitoring corrosion is using an ultrasonic device to measure the thickness of the tank wall and an underwater camera tool to visually see the damage that has occurred and will provide a quantitative estimate of the corrosion rate that occurs in the system by comparing the initial weight and weight after a certain time. The corrosion rate value on the TRIGA 2000 reactor wall is obtained through the weight reduction method, and has an average corrosion value of 0.10 mmpy, while the type of corrosion that occurs on the TRIGA 2000 reactor wall is the type of intergranular corrosion. protective coating by coating organic compounds (lubricant) and controlling humidity and temperature.

Advance brake component design method by topology optimization with additive manufacturing for weight reduction

Topology optimization combined with additive manufacturing is a new research frontier. Apply this advance design method to aircraft components design provide an opportunity of structural and mass optimization, especially for the large metal material components such as brake rod. Brake rod is one of aircraft brake system components to transmit the brake load. This study is intended to conclude a brake component advanced design method by using topology optimization. In this study, the weight reduction of brake rod is achieved by optimizing and redesigning the component shape. Topology optimization is the core tools to use. The design result shall be suitable for additive manufacturing, so the optimized brake rod shape is imported into a 3D printing environment to be conceptual verified. Based on a large wide-body aircraft requirement, a brake rod model with its load conditions and constraints is built for finite element analysis. Then an aim of reducing mass is achieved by applying topology optimization. The new shape of brake rod is regenerated after this analysis. At last, the optimized brake rod scaled model is made by a 3D printing machine to prove it can be used for additive manufacturing. This paper presents a specific process to design brake component by using topology optimization. There are four main steps in this method: modelling, optimization, regeneration, verification. It shows an effective method for weight reduction in aircraft brake system design.

Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction (UAL) Arm Contouring in Non-Post-Bariatric Patients: No Rush for Brachioplasty

BackgroundA witnessed rise in patients’ requests for arm contouring reflects the parallel public’s pursuit of slimmed bodies and rapid advancement in weight reduction methods. Brachioplasty with its known complications is still the traditional method of management, but nearly all patients feel worried about the length and appearance of the scar and seek other non-excisional alternatives. The authors wanted to share their experience in arm contouring in non-post-bariatric patients using ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL).Patients and MethodsOver 16 month period, 28 female patients complaining of arm lipodystrophy (classes IIA, IIB, III) underwent UAL contouring under general anesthesia. Preoperative and postoperative mid-arm circumferences were measured and recorded. Outcome evaluation was done by the complication incidence, patient satisfaction survey, and independent surgeon evaluation of patients' photographs.ResultsThere were no complications in the study group. The outcome evaluation survey has shown high patient satisfaction. The outcome survey demonstrated that 85.71% of the patients were very satisfied, while 14.29 % were satisfied with the procedure and all of them recommend the procedure to others. On the other hand, the independent surgeon evaluation showed that 92.86% of the results were excellent and 7.14 % were very good.ConclusionOur work has shown how versatile is the UAL in contouring a wide spectrum of arm lipodystrophy stages in non-post-bariatric patients and presents a non-excisional alternative for arm aesthetic refinements without a rush for brachioplasty with its unpleasant complications.Level of Evidence IVThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Primary care physicians’ knowledge and attitudes about obesity, adherence to treatment guidelines and association with confidence to treat obesity: a Swedish survey study

BackgroundObesity is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence. We aimed to explore primary care physicians’ knowledge and attitudes about obesity and how knowledge and attitudes are associated with confidence and adherence to obesity guidelines and barriers to obesity treatment.MethodsA questionnaire survey was sent by e-mail to 1642 primary care physicians in four regions in Sweden. The survey focused on the physicians’ knowledge, attitudes towards obesity, confidence in obesity management, adherence to obesity guidelines and barriers to optimal care. We created different statistical indices for knowledge, attitudes and adherence. To analyse the correlation between these indices, we used linear regression analyses.ResultsReplies from 235 primary care physicians yielded a response rate of 14.3%. Most physicians answered correctly that obesity is a disease (91%), that obesity regulation sits in the hypothalamus (70%) and that obesity is due to disorders of appetite regulation (69%). However, 44% of the physicians thought that the most effective weight reduction method for severe obesity was lifestyle changes; 47% believed that obesity is due to lack of self-control, 14% mentioned lack of motivation and 22% stated laziness. Although 97% believed that physicians can help individuals with obesity and 56% suggested that obesity treatment should be prioritised, 87% of the physicians expressed that losing weight is the patients’ responsibility. There was a positive association between higher knowledge and better adherence to obesity guidelines (B = 0.07, CI 0.02–0.12, p-value = 0.005) and feeling confident to suggest medication (p < 0.001) or bariatric surgery (p = 0.002). While 99% of the physicians felt confident to discuss lifestyle changes, 67% and 81% were confident to suggest medication or bariatric surgery, respectively. Respondents perceived that the greatest barrier in obesity management was lack of time (69%) and resources (49%).Conclusion There was a positive association between Swedish primary care physicians’ knowledge and adherence to obesity guidelines and being more confident to suggest obesity treatment. Yet, many physicians had an ambivalent attitude towards obesity management.

Comparison of Manual Setting Weight Reduction and Topology Optimization of the Wing Tips of Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft

Urban air mobility aircraft are considered an effective solution to traffic jams. These particular aircraft come with different designs and are very different from traditional aircraft. An effective weight reduction method is required to enable ongoing design validation and verification. This paper presents the design of an aircraft with a high space utilization rate of the take-off and landing stage, which allows vertical take-off and landing and has long battery life. For the components fixed at the wing tips and used for installing ducted fans and based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, this paper puts forward two methods to carry out the lightweight design according to the stress conditions of the aircraft, namely, the manual setting the internal structure and the topology optimization. The results show that when the force on the component is small, manual setting is very effective for the purpose of weight reduction, which can also improve the manufacturability of the aircraft.

Dehydration and other strategies of rapid weight loss in young powerlifters

Background: Prevalence of dehydration as a method of rapid weight loss (RWL) and related risks point to the necessity of knowledge assessment in young powerlifters in this regard. The aim of this study was to assess practices and knowledge about RWL methods and their potential detrimental effects on health in young powerlifters. Materials and methods: A diagnostic poll was carried out among the participants (n=98) of sub-junior Polish championships (14 – 18 years), in two subgroups: G1 – weight classes up to 75 kg (n=50) and G2 – weight classes above 75 kg (n=48). Results: Dehydration was most frequently indicated by young powerlifters as a method of body weight reduction in young powerlifters whereas diuretics, potentially hazardous to health, were the most popular supplement. Conclusions: Despite popular belief that extreme RWL methods are most prevalent in lighter weight classes, athletes of higher weight classes more frequently indicated the methods with high risk of dehydration. Among young powerlifters, knowledge of the consequences of RWL is inadequate.

Ekstrak Daun Sawo (Manilkara Zapota L) Sebagai Inhibitor Terhadap Laju Korosi Baja AISI 1018 Dalam Medium Korosif NaCl 3%

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of sapodilla leaf extract (Manilkara zapota L) as inhibitor on AISI steel in corrosive medium NaCl 3 %. Specifically, the purpose of this research is to know the effect of the addition of 0%, 2% and 4% inhibitor concentration of sapodilla leaf extract and 3 days, 6 days and 9 days to the corrosion rate. To find out the corrosion rate resulted by weight reduction method with an inhibitor efficiency value of 59,2%. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the phase formed is pure Fe phase. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show the presence of lumps on steel surfaces of various sizes which are the product of corrosion. This is reinforced by the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) which shows that the increasing number of lumps on the steel surface leaves fewer Fe elements.

Pengendalian Laju Korosi Baja AISI 1018 Dalam Medium Korosif NaCl 3% Menggunakan Inhibitor Ekstrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.)

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of ketapang leaf extract (Terminalia catappa L.) as inhibitor on AISI steel in corrosive medium NaCl 3%. Specifically, the purpose of this research is to know the effect of the addition of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, dan 10% inhibitor concentration of ketapang leaf extract and 6 days to the corrosion rate. To find out the corrosion rate resulted by weight reduction method with an inhibitor efficiency value of 69,9%. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the phase formed is pure Fe phase. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show the presence of lumps on steel surfaces of various sizes which are the product of corrosion. This is reinforced by the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) which shows that the increasing number of lumps on the steel surface leaves fewer Fe elements.

An experimental approach to find aniline-formaldehyde co-polymers as effective inhibitor on the interface of low carbon steel immersed in 0.5N HCl mixtures

The usefulness of aniline formaldehyde (AF), a modern water-soluble composite in 0.5 ​N hydrochloric acid as inhibitor of corrosion for mild steel, has been studied using weight reduction method, test of electrochemical impedance and potentiodynamic polarization methods. According to the findings by weight loss methods, 12ppm of AF co-polymer at room temperature i.e. about 35° ​± ​1°C for 3h duration shows best performance on metal surface and exhibit 93.44% Inhibitor efficiency. The above said results has also being reviled from other examination methods, which shows that the AF follows the Langmuir isotherm, as well as the adsorption properties of the sampling supports the results as maximum IE of 95.05%, using EIS. The tafel and linear polarization results of maximum IE was found to be 94.81% and 94.96% respectively which was well aligned with an atomic force microscope (AFM) for surface morphology and found AF to be best suited corrosion inhibitor showing mixed type of nature, at defined parameters.

ドローン用モータ

First, this article describes the features of motors used in drones. The discussion by the members of the investigating R&D committee on small motors and their control technology to satisfy service robots requirements has shown that the requirements for drone motors include "the durability and failure resistance" to avoid crashes, "the long-time drive", and "the weight reduction". Therefore, next, this article explains the methods for failure resistance, long-time drive, and weight reduction for the drone motors.

Novel Topology Optimization Method for Weight Reduction in Electrical Machines

This paper proposes a combined electromagnetic and mechanical topology optimization for weight reduction in electrical machines based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO). The devised method is an on-off-type algorithm with adaptative mesh in which low flux density and low Von Mises stress cells are removed successively from a first machine design. With this approach, the weight of the machine can be considerably reduced without compromising the electromagnetic performance of the machine, with a reduced computation time compared to other topology optimization methods. A case study involving a 1.2 MW low-speed, permanent magnet motor is analyzed under different conditions (algorithm parameters, initial mesh, rotational speed) and used to compare the proposed method with two other topology optimization approaches.

THE USE OF PANDAN LEAVES (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) AS IRON CORROSION INHIBITOR IN HCl MEDIUM

Corrosion inhibitors are excellent ways to protect metals from corrosion. This research aims to determine the ability of pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) as an organic corrosion inhibitor in the type of powder, extract, and tannins. The extraction of tannin compounds in pandan leaves is carried out by the soxhletation method using a sampleto-solvent ratio of 1:25 g/mL. The inhibitor concentration used is 1%, and the variations of immersion duration in 3% HCl medium are one day, two days, three days, and four days. The parameters measured in this study are the corrosion inhibition efficiency and the corrosion rate as measured by the iron weight reduction method. The tannin compound of 1.29% is obtained at the ratio of the sample to the solvent of 1:25 g/mL. The best results obtained from the use of the three types of inhibitors are using pandan leaves tannin inhibitors with a corrosion rate of 31.046 mpy and a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 80.61%.

Reducing the Weight of Precision Ball Screw Shafts Using Drawing

In recent years, there has been a demand for lightweight shaft products to improve the tact time of equipment. Shaft products are stepped in order to use bearings at the shaft end. Therefore, drilling a hole in the center of a shaft product is not enough to reduce the weight of the product to ensure the wall thickness. Therefore, focusing on swaging technology, a type of drawing, we devised a weight reduction method in which both ends of a thin-walled steel pipe are plastically formed to form the shaft end and a structure with a large space inside is created. The thin-walled steel pipe is swaged to form the shaft ends, grooved with threads, heat-treated, and finished to produce a lightweight product. Calculation results show that the weight is 54% of that of the conventional product, a significant weight reduction. The allowable speed can be increased to 125% of the conventional product, which may contribute to an improvement in tact time. The prototypes manufactured by the drawing process showed no difference in appearance from the conventional product, and the measured weight was 55% of the conventional product, almost exactly as calculated. As a result of devising a weight reduction method using the drawing process and manufacturing a prototype, the possibility of significantly reducing the weight of a shaft product was seen. We will continue to evaluate the performance and life of the product in order to commercialize it.