Hierarchy Method Research Articles

Using foresight to improve the efficiency of process equipment design

The study is intended for engineers designing hybrid systems. The analytic hierarchy method was used as the main tool of foresight. Nowadays, some experience in the design of optoelectronic systems is accumulated. However, in most cases, designers have to sort through all possible factors and parameters of devices. The involvement of experts for questionnaire survey will reduce the time range of designing. The results of the study show a high consistency of experts' opinions with the Kendall coefficient value of 0.782. Research materials in the future will allow planning experiments only with the most important factors. This will adjust the protocols for testing new optoelectronic systems and significantly reduce costs.

К вопросу о визуализации попарных сравнений при оптимизации закупок по многим критериям на основе метода аналитической иерархии

В статье для решения задачи по управлению закупками при Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ ÐºÑ€Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÑÑ Ñ использованием метода аналитической Ð¸ÐµÑ€Ð°Ñ€Ñ Ð¸Ð¸ предлагается визуализация Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ñ€Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ в виде графа. Авторы обсуждают проблему согласованности Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ñ€Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ и взаимное соответствие матрицы Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ñ€Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ и графа отношений, дают рекомендации по корректировке предпочтений для матрицы Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ñ€Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ñ‡Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÐºÑ€Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÐµÐ² с использованием средств визуализации.

ALTERNATIVE FINANCING FOR ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF UKRAINE

Introduction. Enterprises at different stages of their operation and development life cycle need appropriate financial support . The article describes the alternative forms of financing, focusing on the mezzanine financing instruments (source of financing). Purpose . It aims to identify, characterize, and evaluate mezzanine financing instruments in comparison to the debt and equity financing sources. Results. Mezzanine financing represents an innovated form of financing, that is new and less popular in Ukraine. The problems of Ukrainian financial market are underlined. The article specifies the criteria of evaluation of different sources of financing including classic and innovative forms. It shows strength and weaknesses of each financing source in Ukrainian condition. The T. Saati Method is used to form the matrix of the advantages of different sources of financing. This evaluation was performed on the basis of 7 criteria. Originality . A systematic analysis using the Saati hierarchy method showed, that the most important criterion for choosing a source of financing for Ukrainian enterprises is independence in management and decision-making in the enterprise, other factors influencing the choice of financing are the size and price of the financial source. Considering a small business, that seeks to scale its business and innovate, the attractiveness of the types of financing was assessed on the basis of selected criteria. The analysis shows that traditional loan is much more popular, then other sources, but it also indicated the advantages of mezzanine financing in comparison to the other types of financing. Conclusions . Enterprise needs adequate financial support, the forms of which are currently quite diversified. Alternative sources of financing could be direct investment funds, government bonds for emigrants, that gives countries access to their migrants' funds and uses them for economic development. Among the alternative forms of financing the development of enterprises is mezzanine financing which is widespread in international activities but is practically not used in Ukraine. Ukrainian financial market can implement mezzanine activities on the basis of European experience through the creation of specialized financial institutions. This important step requires legislative changes, that are necessary to implement mezzanine financing and other alternative forms of financing of the enterprises.

Multi-criteria decision making approach to production line optimization

Abstract The problem of optimization assembly lines for rarely repeatable products with low volumes will be addressed in this paper. In this kind of production each product should be treated as a project with different cycle time on each station. Balance of assembly lines processing separate projects is impacted by uncertainty, assembly methods are not fully automated. Daily operations in this kind of activity needed an effective and fast method to support decision making by assembly line managers and production planners. For this purpose Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) and TOPSIS methods are used. The empirical study presents four possible optimization configurations for comparison and evaluation using the AHP and TOPSIS methods.

Метод визначення ієрархій у медицині: вибір раціонального варіанта лікування жінок зі стресовим нетриманням сечі

The objective: was to establish a rational method of treating women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) using the Saati hierarchy method based on the choice of the best alternative among the following 3 methods: mid-urethral sling, constant use of continents, pelvic floor muscles training for at least 3 months. Materials and methods. In the article, the method of determining hierarchies is adapted to the choice of treatment method for SUI. Based on the analysis we have selected the following options for overcoming SUI in women: constant use of continents, pelvic floor muscles training for at least 3 months, mid-urethral sling. The main effects on the patient and the process of treatment of parameters (factors) in the analysis include the duration of treatment, the duration of the effect after the end of treatment, the cost of treatment, complications of treatment, impact on the quality of life of women. Results. The algorithms of the method of determining the hierarchies of the state of a complex system are analyzed, their features are emphasized at all stages of compilation and calculations. Analogies between the most common methods of treatment of women with SUI and complex system conditions, influential treatment parameters, and partial efficacy criteria have been made. Examples of calculations regarding the choice of treatment method of women with SUI by the algorithms for determining priorities and algorithms for determining hierarchies are given. Conclusions. The experience of the performed calculations and the practical treatment of women with SUI allowed the authors to state in the conclusions about the sufficient accuracy and quantitative evidence of the proposed algorithms. Further refinement of the algorithmic procedure for the choice of treatment is related to the differentiation of patient groups by age, vocational guidance, previous history, etc., or even to the individualization of such choice. Key words: stress urinary incontinence, methods of treatment, mid-urethral sling, rationalization of choice, the criterion of rationality, adjacency matrix, pairwise comparison; priorities.

Analysis of the Choice of Transportation Mode for Cross-border Supply Chain Based on the Belt and Road

This paper studies the transportation mode selection of cross-border supply chain under the “the Belt and Road” to find the most suitable transportation mode for cross-border transportation. At first, the overall priority of marine transport and railway transportation is analyzed by analytic hierarchy process, but the analytic hierarchy process has shortcomings and limitations. Therefore, by introducing fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, the complexity of judging the relative importance of the target is simplified, by using the ambiguity of the judgment matrix and the simplicity of the calculation, the deficiencies of the analytic hierarchy method are solved. This paper chooses the optimization idea by considering the cost, running time, transportation capacity and flexibility as the main target transportation mode, according to the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative indicators, the fuzzy hierarchy analysis method is used to establish the hierarchical structure model. Finally, the fuzzy consistent matrix is established to calculate and analyze the optimal solution.

AHP-express: A simplified version of the analytical hierarchy process method

This work presents in detail a simplified method for the application of the analytic hierarchy method (AHP) that aims to calculate the priorities of each alternative against a set of criteria with only n-1 comparisons of n alternatives for each criterion (instead of (n2-n)/2 comparisons in the original method proposed by Saaty), followed by the application of a simple formula. This increases the attractiveness of the AHP method for business applications where decisionmakers are subject to a time constraint.•Simplified AHP method.•Reduced number of comparisons.•Saved time of highly qualified technical staff.

Design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall using Grey wolf optimization algorithm

The purpose of this article to design a low-weight cantilever reinforced concrete retaining wall with shear key by using an optimization algorithm, which is programmed in MATLAB. Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is an optimization technique which is developed by mimicking hierarchy and hunting methods of grey wolves. The Retaining Wall was formulated as an optimization problem based on ACI 318–05 code and Rankine's theory for lateral earth pressure. The constrains based on safety factors and design factors were used to reach the best design. The geotechnical constraints were determined as the factor of safety against overturning, bending, bearing capacity failure and the structural constraints were determined as the moment and shear capacities of for elements of the wall. Two numerical examples for optimal design of retaining wall with/without shear key were considered to evaluate the efficiency of GWO algorithm compared to similar studies.

Örtüaltı domates yetiştiren üreticilerin girdi kullanım kararlarının analitik hiyerarşi süreci ile analizi

Bu çalışmada, Muğla ilinde örtüaltı domates yetiştiren üreticilerin girdi kullanım kararlarındaki öncelikleri analitik hiyerarşi yöntemiyle saptanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri oransal örnekleme ile 93 üreticiden yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle derlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, örtüaltı domates üretiminde üreticilerin girdi kullanım kararında en fazla etkili olan kriterin fiyat olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Daha uygun fiyatlı girdi temini ve pazarlamada etkinlik sağlamak için üreticilerin örgütlenmelerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Üreticiler girdi kullanımına karar verirken dikkate aldıkları en önemli girdinin fide olduğu saptanmıştır. Girdi kullanım tercihinde ise üreticiler önceliği kimyasal girdilere vermektedir.

A survey of energy-aware cluster head selection techniques in wireless sensor network

Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming very famous as they are inexpensive and easy to maintain and manage. The network contains a group of sensor nodes, which are capable of sensing, computing, and transmitting. Energy efficiency is one of the most important challenging problems in WSN. Sensor nodes have inadequate energy and installed in remote areas. Hence, it is difficult to restore the batteries in WSN. Therefore, to maximize the network lifetime, appropriate clustering techniques and cluster head (CH) selection methods should be implemented. The main idea behind the clustering technique is that it clusters the sensor nodes and reduces the composed data simultaneously and then, it broadcasts the data. In this process, CH selection is an essential part. Therefore, this survey paper provides an overview of the clustering techniques for reducing energy consumption by reviewing several CH selection techniques in WSN that provide high energy efficiency. Several techniques have been employed for CH selection based on partitional clustering, optimization, low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy, hierarchical, distributed, and other classification methods. Finally, an analysis is done based on the implementation tools, metrics employed, accuracy, and achievements of the considered CH selection techniques.

Life cycle assessment of winter road maintenance

Winter road maintenance in the Nordic climate is demanding due to challenging weather conditions, high precipitation, and icy conditions. As a leading country in the transition to low-emission transport, Norway must work to reduce their emissions while providing a safe level of service through winter maintenance operations. This article investigates the environmental impacts of winter road maintenance (WRM) in Norway both today and under a climate change scenario predicted for 2050. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental impact of the functional unit “average winter road maintenance in Norway on national and county roads per km.lane.” The ReCiPe (hierarchy) method was used to identify and categorize emissions related to WRM to show how different factors affect the system and to reveal hidden emissions hotspots. Real-time data from WRM vehicles were used to determine how fuel consumption is affected by gradient and weather. Producers and operators provided other relevant information on WRM vehicles. Official reports supplied information on deicer quantities used and the total distance driven by WRM vehicles in Norway. The quantity of deicer used is the main source of emissions contributing toward all impact categories. The effect of deicer is likely to be even higher in certain impact categories. The environmental impact of the deicer after application is not included. The representation of WRM in existing emissions data is limited despite the considerable amount of deicer applied and the long distances that WRM vehicles travel. The results document how energy use throughout the system is another important source of emissions. Various parameters, such as road gradient, vehicle properties, driver behavior, and weather, affect the fuel consumption of WRM vehicles, with weather being the most important of these. Significant potential for emissions reductions from WRM was found, and WRM operations should be included in cold-climate road LCA studies. The environmental impacts of deicer application are especially high compared to the mechanical clearing of roads and contribute strongly to impact categories such as terrestrial, freshwater, and human toxicity and to the formation of particulate matter.

The Effect of Attribute Hierarchy Method (AHM) with OMC Model on Chemistry

This study aims to determine the learning difficulties of learners using the Attribute Hierarchy Method (AHM) with ordered multiple choices (OMC) model on chemical equilibrium. The Instruments develop used ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) model. The research instrument used a multiple-choice test that has a score that all correct answer options. There are 8 types of attributes concerning chemical equilibrium in the instrument. The sample was high school students in Pekanbaru. Instrument validity includes material, construction, and language aspects. Based on the validity test results obtained that the developed instrument has been in valid category. Material validity aspect value 3.50, validity of the construction obtained value 3.7 and aspects of language value of 3.59. Instrument reliability test results using the formula of KR-20 obtained a value of 0.717 in high category. The learning difficulties of learners obtained that learners have the greatest learning attribute 6, which is the equilibrium constant of pressure (Kp) which has not been mastered by 58% of students 2.) Attribute 7 is the relationship between Kp and Kc that has not been mastered by 63.75% students, 3.) Attribute 4 is Le Chatelier’s principle which has not been mastered by 80% of students and 4.) Attribute 8 is the degree of dissociation that has not been mastered by 77.5% of students.

Study on Compressive Performance and Safety Assessment of Stone Masonry Structure in Tibet

Tibetan stone masonry is different from common masonry structure. However, currently, few studies on its structural characteristics and mechanical properties are conducted. This paper summarizes the materials, composition and masonry methods of Tibetan stone masonry, and analyzes its structural characteristics. A uniaxial compression test on the small specimens built in the laboratory and the full-scale wall specimens on the site is conducted to explore the damage mechanism of the Tibetan stone masonry. Based on the compression performance of Tibetan stone masonry, this paper proposes the factor set, weight coefficient, and rating criteria of the safety assessment of the Tibetan stone masonry components by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy method. The evaluation method of the safety status of components is also put forward, which is validated by the test results.

New Technology Acceptance Model Based on Innovation Characteristics with AHP–TOPSIS Approach

In this study, a new technology acceptance model (TAM) based on the characteristics that are adapted from Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) with integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method is developed in order to explain students’ acceptance of information system. New TAM is developed based on 650 students of a public university of Turkey. In the study, first, five innovation characteristics are prioritized with the Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) and independent variables of TAM are formed with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique with using AHP results as the criteria weights. With the obtained results, explaining the intention to use by more than 50% shows that integrated TAM is an applicable and flexible model.

Evaluating the logistics performance of OECD countries by using fuzzy AHP and ARAS-G

Logistics has become an important field as the volume of world commerce expands. The World Bank (WB) has been publishing the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) for most of the countries since 2007. LPI is accepted as an important indicator of logistical performance. In this study, a model is proposed to evaluate the LPI of the OECD countries within a specific time frame. With the proposed model, the logistical performance of OECD countries between the years 2010–2018 is analyzed and compared with the existing LPI rankings. The index is calculated using six indicators. Different from the WB survey, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy method is used to determine the weighting scores of these six indicators. The grey numbers give the researcher an opportunity to obtain the numerical expressions of a time period by showing minimum and maximum values. Thus, grey additive ratio assessment (ARAS-G) method is used to evaluate the logistics performances of OECD countries by years. The data created in this study refers to the logistics performances of the OECD countries between the years 2010 and 2018. Thus, OECD countries are ranked according to the logistics performances calculated by the ARAS-G method. The rankings calculated by ARAS-G are compared to the yearly rankings calculated by the WB. Spearman ρ and Kendall’s Tau correlation methods are used to investigate the relationships within the yearly rankings and the rankings calculated for the period between 2010 and 2018 by using ARAS-G. The results show that the rankings calculated by ARAS-G have the strongest relationship with years. Indeed, this study provides a different field of study for the ARAS-G method application.

Discriminant AnalysisFor Cluster Validation In A Case Study of District Grouping In Jember Regency Based On Poverty

Cluster validation is a procedure to evaluate the results of cluster analysis quantitively and objectively on a data. The validation process is very important to get the results of a good and appropriate grouping. In the validation process, the author uses internal validation, stability, and discriminant analysis test. This study aims to obtain validation results from the hierarchy and kmeans method. This data grouping uses “iris” simulation data, which results from the grouping method used can be applied to the original data to see which vaidation method is used for all data and produce an optimal grouping. The result of the study show that in the “iris” data, a single linkage link is an appropriate grouping method because the result of the grouping are optimal for all validations and classification of group members whose groups are significant. In District poverty data in Jember Regency with a single linkage link optimal grouping was obtained and complete linkage links were also used as a method that resulted in optimal groupig for all validation. Cluster validation discriminant analysis test is appropriate for various types of data in general annd shows that single linkage methods are better than other methods for grouping and validation methods for “iris” data and District data in Jember Regency based on variabels of poverty status. Keywords: Cluster Analysis, Diskriminant Analysis, Multivariate Analysis, Validation Cluster.

Scalable Virtual Ray Lights Rendering for Participating Media

AbstractVirtual ray lights (VRL) are a powerful representation for multiple‐scattered light transport in volumetric participating media. While efficient Monte Carlo estimators can importance sample the contribution of a VRL along an entire sensor subpath, render time still scales linearly in the number of VRLs. We present a new scalable hierarchial VRL method that preferentially samples VRLs according to their image contribution. Similar to Lightcuts‐based approaches, we derive a tight upper bound on the potential contribution of a VRL that is efficient to compute. Our bound takes into account the sampling probability densities used when estimating VRL contribution. Ours is the first such upper bound formulation, leading to an efficient and scalable rendering technique with only a few intuitive user parameters. We benchmark our approach in scenes with many VRLs, demonstrating improved scalability compared to existing state‐of‐the‐art techniques.

Comparison of hierarchical clustering methods (case study: data on poverty influence in North Sulawesi)

Grouping of Large data has been carried out in various fields. One method for grouping is cluster analysis where this method consists of hierarchy and non-hierarchy method. The aim of this study was to compare the use of cluster analysis on aspects of the causes of poverty data. The method used is agglomerative hierarchical clustering, that is, the average linkage, centroid methods and ward methods. The results obtained are compared with the RMSSTD value and the smallest value is the ward method with a value of 2.0937. So the ward method is good for this case.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МЕТОДІВ ЛОГІСТИКИ В ПСИХОЛОГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ДИТИНИ


 
 
 In work the possibility of applying a logistic approach in educational psychology is considered. Justification of the choice of preschool age child development is a very relevant task and the subject of study of many scientists - psychologists. The work contains proposition to consider coming information as the streaming process and, accordingly, to rationalize the development system by optimizing the flow of knowledge. To justify the possible direction of child's development, it is proposed to use the method of analytical hierarchies, which allows to make decisions for multicriterial tasks. Experimental calculations based on the initial data, obtained by the observation method, allowed to make recommendations on further direction of the “chosen” knowledge flow for development of the child in accordance with his individual abilities.
 
 

Research on the Construction of Beijing Business Environment Evaluation Index System

This paper first sorts out the relevant literature to give a definition of the business environment and its influencing factors, and then compares and analyzes the shortcomings of the three sets of business environment evaluation index system, and proposes that Beijing's business environment evaluation should be consistent with the city's functional positioning to measure policy implementation effect. Combined with the Action Plan and the core function positioning of Beijing, the first-level indicators of Beijing's business environment assessment involve six dimensions: government service efficiency, investment and trade openness, entrepreneurial environment, integrity and rule of law environment, technological innovation environment and cultural environment. And sub-indexes and basic indicators are set up under correspondent first-level indicators. Finally, the AHP analytic hierarchy method is used to give weights to each-level indicator.