Flotation Method Research Articles

IDENTIFICATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SP. IN SUMATRAN ORANGUTAN AND BORNEAN ORANGUTAN AT NORTH SUMATERA WILDLIFE PARK

Cryptosporidium sp. is a zoonotic intestinal protozoa in orangutans which is transmitted through contaminated water (waterborne disease). This study aims to determine Cryptosporidium sp. which infects the sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) and the bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in North Sumatera Wildlife Park. The samples used were 3 orangutan fecal samples from different locations, two bornean orangutans in Medan Wildlife Park and one sumatran orangutan in Pematang Siantar Animal Park. Samples were examined using the floatation method and the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. The results showed that from 3 samples of orangutan feces (sumatran and bornean orangutan), 2 positive tails from bornean orangutans were found containing Cryptosporidium oocysts, namely the C. parvum species. In this study, it can be concluded that the orangutans in Medan Wildlife Park, the bornean orangutan were infected with cryptosporidiosis.

Research on the chemical composition of Mentha haplocalyx volatile oils from different geographical origins by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in combination with principal component analysis and the enrichment of bioactive compounds by particle-assisted solvent sublation

The chemical composition of Mentha haplocalyx volatile oils from different origins was studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOFMS). A total of 67 compounds were identified by GC/MS and a total of 1956 compounds were identified by GC × GC/TOFMS from five Mentha haplocalyx samples in different origins. In the GC × GC/TOFMS chromatogram, the classification of group type could be clearly observed. The results of GC × GC/TOFMS showed that there were some significant differences in chemical composition of Mentha haplocalyx between Anhui and other geographically areas, especially the biologically active ingredient of Isopiperitone, Levomenthol and Isomenthone. They were more abundant from Anhui than that from other origins. Principal component analysis (PCA) of GC/MS and GC × GC/TOFMS data was performed. The results showed that the PCA model constructed with the data of GC × GC/TOFMS was better than that of GC/MS to identify the authenticity of Mentha haplocalyx medicinal materials. Using the particle-assisted solvent flotation method, the active compounds were enriched from Mentha haplocalyx samples, which could be further used for food additive or pharmacological activity research.

First report of barley root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne naasi from turfgrass in Idaho, with multigene molecular characterization.

Barley root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne naasi Franklin, 1965, is one of the most important pest nematodes infecting monocots (Franklin, 1965). Two-inch core soil samples collected from a golf course in Ada County, Idaho were submitted for identification in November of 2019. A high number of Meloidogyne sp. juveniles were recovered from both soil samples using sieving and decantation followed by the sugar centrifugal flotation method. They were examined by light microscopy, morphometric measurements, and multiple molecular markers, including the ribosomal 28S D2-D3 and intergenic spacer 2 (IGS-2) regions, mitochondrial markers cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the interval from COII to 16S, and the protein-coding gene Hsp90. Morphometrics as well as BlastN comparisons with other root-knot nematode sequences from GenBank were consistent with identification as M. naasi. Phylogenetic trees inferred from 28S, IGS-2, COI, or Hsp90 alignments each separated the Idaho population into a strongly supported clade with other populations of M. naasi, while the COII-16S interval could not resolve M. naasi from M. minor. This report represents the first morphological and molecular characterization of Meloidogyne naasi from turfgrass in Idaho.

Soil contamination with intestinal parasites eggs in public parks and playgrounds in Kirkuk city

Intestinal parasites eggs are the most soil contaminated which can cause many health problems after ingestion. The aim of this study was to estimate the presence of intestinal parasites eggs in the soil samples collected from public parks and playgrounds in Kirkuk city.
 A total of Fifty-six (56) soil samples were collected from 14 areas (7 public parks and 7 playgrounds) through a period from 1st of March 2016 to 1st of October 2016, samples were examined microscopically using wet mount and zinc sulphate flotation methods for detecting intestinal parasitic eggs.
 Ninety-seven (78.6%) of soil sample were positive for presence eggs, include Toxocara Spp. (22.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (19.4%), Hymenolepis diminuta (16.7%), Ancylostoma duodenale (13.9%), Taenia saginata (11.1%), Trichuris trichiura (8.3%) and Trichostrongylus Spp. (8.3%).
 The collected data was analyzed using statistical test Chi-square; this study shows the high rate of eggs of parasites which could be a potential source of parasitic infection.

Effects of Interfacial Hydroxylation Microstructure on Quartz Flotation by Sodium Oleate.

Quartz, a common inorganic nonmetallic mineral, is usually removed or purified by beneficiation, normally flotation. Given the strong polarity of the quartz surface, it is easy to hydrate to form a hydroxylation layer, which makes it impossible to float quartz with sodium oleate (OL) used alone. An ideal flotation method for quartz is preactivation with Ca2+, followed by collection with OL. Herein, the effects of surface hydroxylation on the adsorption of the anionic collector OL on the quartz surface before and after Ca2+ activation are systematically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that the displacement adsorption of surface hydroxyl substituted by OL- is not feasible in thermodynamics, and the OL- can only bind to the H atoms of the hydroxylated quartz surface via hydrogen bonds, namely, hydrogen binding adsorption. Due to the electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance effect induced by the surface hydroxylation structure, the adsorption ability of OL- on the quartz surface mediated by hydroxyl bridges is very weak, which is insufficient to realize quartz floating. However, Ca2+ ions are easily adsorbed on the hydroxylated quartz surface, providing favorable active sites for subsequent adsorption of OL-, thus becoming a credible solution for the industrial flotation of the strong hydrophilic mineral quartz. These findings shed some new insights for accurately understanding the flotation mechanism of strongly hydrophilic oxide minerals and are beneficial to promoting the development of mineral flotation fundamentals.

Prevalence of the pathatus Cryptosporidium parvum in syananthropic biocenoses

The purpose of the research is to determine the relationship between the infestation of Cryptosporidium parvum in calves that have regular contact with synanthropic reservoirs (rodents and birds) in the climatic zones of Udmurtia. The study of the distribution and relationship of manifestations of cryptosporidiosis was carried out among calves that have regular contact with synanthropic rodents (gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), house mouse (Mus musculus), common vole (Microtus arvalis), bank vole (Myodes glareolus)) and birds (rock dove). (Columba livia), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)). In total, 255 calves, 160 rodents and 80 birds were subjected to the study.The assessment of infestation of calves, rodents and birds was carried out by generally accepted coprological flotation methods, as well as by making native smears with further Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The results obtained were evaluated using statistical methods: analysis of variance, taking into account the Fisher criterion and the Pearson correlation coefficient.The results of the research showed that in all natural and climatic zones of the Udmurt Republic a high percentage of infection with cryptosporidiosis of calves is recorded.On the territory of the southern zone, the infection rate of calves with cryptosporidiosis was 62.35%, while in captured mouselike rodents the prevalence of invasion was at the level of 37.25%, and in birds - 20.0%.In the farms located on the territory of the northern natural and climatic zone of the republic, the degree of infestation of calves reached 41.18%, the infection of rodents was 23.91%. The minimum percentage of detection of cryptosporidium oocysts among synanthropic birds was observed in the north of Udmurtia - 11.77%.The fact of the dependence of the invasion by the causative agent of cryptosporidiosis of calves on the presence of parasite carriers in farms has been established. According to the results of calculating the correlation coefficient and analysis of variance, a direct close relationship was revealed between the infection of calves and representatives of the synanthropic reservoir - rodents, birds, regularly in contact with agricultural crops. animals.

Improved Separation between Recycled Anode and Cathode Materials from Li-Ion Batteries Using Coarse Flake Particle Flotation

Separation between two recycled electrode active materials from spent Li-ion batteries by a conventional froth flotation method has been challenging due to similarity in their surface hydrophobicity. In this study, a new coarse flake particle flotation technology has been developed to separate the electrode active materials from Li-ion batteries. The new process separates the recycled electrode flake particles effectively at a size range of 212–850 μm by taking advantage of a significant difference in densities between the anode flake materials and cathode flake materials. At a feed size of 212 μm or less, a fraction of recycled cathode particles is floated in the froth layers resulting in a loss of cathode materials in the sink product. At a feed size of 850 μm or above, a small fraction of anode flakes becomes non-floatable, resulting in a decrease in the grade of cathode materials in the sink product. The mechanism has been investigated by induction time measurements, bubble–flake detachment, contact angle measurements, and force analysis. The anode flakes are more hydrophobic than cathode flakes, which is consistent with the result obtained from induction time measurements. A force analysis reveals that the critical size for electrode flake particles being attached to air bubbles varies with advancing contact angle and density. Maintaining a desirable feed size is essential to achieve an optimum separation performance. In this regard, a flotation column is superior to mechanical flotation cells in minimizing size reduction during the flotation process. Lab-scale column flotation trials showed that a good separation between anode and cathode flake particles has been achieved by column flotation with 98–99% purity of cathode flake materials in the sink product at a recovery rate of 96–99%. The present study demonstrates a new process in separating two electrode flake materials from spent Li-ion batteries.

Microplastics in Northern Laguna Lake’s Shoreline Sediments

Microplastic pollution, a pervasive problem in the natural environment, is hardly investigated in the largest lake in the Philippines: Laguna de Bay or Laguna Lake. This study was done to determine the microplastic profile (content and type) of the shore sediments taken from northern Laguna Lake and to identify possible sources of the microplastics found. The microplastics from the sediments were extracted and isolated using the chemical oxidation and density floatation method. To identify the possible microplastic source, a comparison of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the microplastics extracted with sample plastic materials found on the sites was done. Results showed that during the dry season, the mean microplastic contents of Binangonan, Tanay, and Angono sediments were 1524.42 ± 1593.45, 815.41 ± 593.64, and 295.51 ± 140.16 microplastics per kg sediment, respectively. During the wet season, the mean microplastic contents of the sediments in Binangonan, Tanay, and Angono were 1826.05 ± 614.19, 1250.73 ± 220.03, and 353.82 ± 173.07 microplastics per kg sediment, respectively. The variations observed with season might be associated with tidal and current effects on the shoreline sediments and not due to changes from the dry to the wet season. FTIR analysis of microplastic type showed that prominently occurring microplastics in the three towns varied depending on the materials associated with human activities such as fish farming (aquaculture), clothing materials, and plastic packaging. The results of this study show significant implications on the effect of anthropogenic activities on the type and abundance of microplastics found in the environment, and knowledge of the microplastic profile in Laguna Lake could help not only in its clean-up but also in the proper disposal of plastics in the area to prevent its presence in the natural environment.

Is there added value from using three serial samples when surveying the occurrence of intestinal parasites in children?

Surveys for intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) often involve samples from three sampling dates analysed by various microscopy techniques. However, analysis of three samples per individual is a huge burden on time and resources. We compared the value from analysing three or fewer samples. In this cross-sectional study, three faecal samples were collected every other day from 332 children from two locations in Guantanamo province, Cuba. Samples were analysed by wet mount with Lugol stain, Willis flotation method and Kato-Katz thick smear. Most parasites were detected by wet mount, although helminth eggs not found by wet smear were detected by the Willis flotation method (in particular) and Kato-Katz smear. Blastocystis spp. was the most commonly detected parasite (about 65%), then Giardia duodenalis and then Entamoeba spp. Although analysis of two stool samples significantly increased occurrence data for Blastocystis, this was not so for the other parasites. For none of the protozoan parasites were results from analysing three samples significantly higher than results from analysing just two samples. Analysing two faecal samples by wet mount and the Willis flotation method provides useful data for estimating the prevalence of IPIs in relatively high prevalence settings. Analysing further samples provides limited additional information and adds an extra burden in terms of time and resources.

Epidemiology of protozoan and helminthic parasites in wild passerine birds of Britain and Ireland.

Avian endoparasites play important roles in conservation, biodiversity and host evolution. Currently, little is known about the epidemiology of intestinal helminths and protozoans infecting wild birds of Britain and Ireland. This study aimed to determine the rates of parasite prevalence, abundance and infection intensity in wild passerines. Fecal samples (n = 755) from 18 bird families were collected from 13 sites across England, Wales and Ireland from March 2020 to June 2021. A conventional sodium nitrate flotation method allowed morphological identification and abundance estimation of eggs/oocysts. Associations with host family and age were examined alongside spatiotemporal and ecological factors using Bayesian phylogenetically controlled models. Parasites were detected in 20.0% of samples, with corvids and finches having the highest prevalences and intensities, respectively. Syngamus (33%) and Isospora (32%) were the most prevalent genera observed. Parasite prevalence and abundance differed amongst avian families and seasons, while infection intensity varied between families and regions. Prevalence was affected by diet diversity, while abundance differed by host age and habitat diversity. Infection intensity was higher in birds using a wider range of habitats, and doubled in areas with feeders present. The elucidation of these patterns will increase the understanding of parasite fauna in British and Irish birds.

Improved methods for quantifying soil invertebrates during ecotoxicological tests: Chill comas and anesthetics

Soil invertebrate ecotoxicological tests are important when making informed site-management decisions. However, traditional tests are time-consuming and require quantification of high numbers of soil invertebrates burrowed beneath the surface of soil. A commonly used technique to extract invertebrates from the soil is the floatation method. Due to the movement of Collembola, and the presence of small soil particulates and bubbles on the surface of the water, automatic image analysis software may inaccurately quantify the true number of individuals present. Hence, manual counting immediately following extraction, or from images, is still the most effective method utilized for quantifying floated soil invertebrates. This study investigated three novel techniques; the use of an ice-water bath, chest freezer (−12 °C) and ethanol to temporarily immobilize groups of 35 Folsomia candida individuals to increase accuracy during the quantification step. Active thermography to aid automatic image analysis was also investigated. Results show that while thermoimaging did not provide a distinct advantage in differentiating soil invertebrates from soil particles, both an ice-water bath and 4.75% ethanol solution were extremely effective at temporarily immobilizing F. candida with no apparent ill effects. The outcome of this study will assist future soil invertebrate research by increasing the accuracy of invertebrate quantifications. In addition, as the techniques caused no mortality to the invertebrates, the same individuals remain available for continuous monitoring experiments, repeated exposure, and/or multi-generational studies.

Horse gastrointestinal parasites in the Moscow region

The purpose of our work was to conduct a survey of the horse population for the presence of parasites of the gastrointestinal tract in Moscow and the Moscow region. The research included horses aged 1.5 months to 26 years from horse farms and from private owners too. Fecal samples were collected rectally from 571 horses and were examined on the day of collection by flotation method and sedimentation method. Horses are infected with parasites of the gastrointestinal tract by 47.5% in the Moscow region. The main representatives of the parasite fauna are nematodes. Strongylidae gen. sp. (44%), Parascaris sp. (10.3%), Oxyuris equi (1.4%), Eimeria leuckarti (0.5%) were found. Statistically revealed correlations between the level of infection and the age of the horse (p < 0.001), as well as between the level of infection and the conditions of keeping (p < 0.001). The most infected were horses in the age group from 1 to 3 years. According to the study, herd horses are significantly more likely to be infected with Parascaris sp. and O. equi. No correlation was found between the level of infection and the type of farming (horse farms or private owners) (p = 0.252).

Coal desulfurization by flotation method

In general, the combustion of coal containing high sulfur and ash causes negative environmental problems such as acid rain and the emission of oxides of sulfur. Coal flotation is one of the most effective methods for desulfurizing and deashing raw coal with high ash and sulfur contents before burning coal. In this study, a coal sample collected from East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia was subjected to flotation by using diesel oil as collector and pine oil as frother. The experimental results showed that 24% of the total sulfur was eliminated from coal. Also, the calorific value of coal increased from 5,486 cal/g to 5,535.38 cal/g. However, the volatile matter and ash content of coal was eliminated.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ ОКСИУРОЗА У ТЕРРАРИУМНЫХ РЕПТИЛИЙ

Recently, more and more pets are reptiles, which can be carriers of a wide range of internal parasites: protozoa, nematodes, cestodes, trematodes. In private zoo collections and zoos, the mortality rate from helminthiasis is about 12%. The most common helminths of reptiles are oxyura. The article presents the results of studies of helminth infestation of terrarium reptiles from private zoo collections. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of "Morphology, Pathology of Animals and Biology" of the Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov. Coprological samples from 49 different reptiles were selected for diagnosis. In the work, fecal samples were studied by the flotation method and the native smear method to identify parasite eggs in the most common species of terrarium reptiles. The intensity (AI) and the extensiveness of the invasion (EI) were determined. Also, the animals were subjected to a daily clinical examination: the appetite of the animals, water consumption, and the regularity of defecation were evaluated. Before microscopic studies, organoleptic parameters were determined: quantity, color, shape, consistency, odor, presence of impurities (undigested food residues, mucus, blood, etc. leftovers). As a result of the study, it was revealed that all individuals of the examined green iguanas and the patterned runner were infected with oxyuras (EI was 100%), which indicates that there are favorable conditions for the development of pathogens of oxyuratosis in the external environment and high susceptibility of animals of this species. As a result of the study, eggs of Oxyurida sp. were found in 23 individuals out of 49 examined. The intensity of oxyuratous invasion varied from 1 to 69.4 eggs of nematodes in the field of view of the microscope, the extent of invasion was 46.9%.

Diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of Black Bengal goats in Natore, Bangladesh.

The objective of this work was to estimate the diversity of gastrointestinal (GI) parasite species, their prevalence, and risk factors in Black Bengal goats (BBGs) of Natore, Bangladesh. Fecal samples from randomly selected 260 BBGs were processed through Stoll's ova counting method, floatation, and simple sedimentation method. Microscopy-based identification of parasitic eggs, cysts, or oocysts was made. A semi-structured questionnaire-based data on host and management practices were collected from the owner. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The overall prevalence of GI parasites in BBGs was 65.4%, with an individual prevalence of 8.5% for Fasciola gigantica, 21.5% for Paramphistomum spp., 20% for Haemonchus spp., 34.2% for Strongyloides spp., 8.5% for Trichuris spp., and 9.2% for Eimeria spp. No significant effect of host age, gender, body condition, animal rearing system, or housing floor type was observed on parasitism. Animals of young age, female, poorly body-conditioned, living in a free-range system, and housed on a muddy floor had a relatively higher susceptibility to infection. Deworming had a significant impact on reducing the frequency of caprine GI parasitism. Despite the significant effect of anthelmintic, the elevated prevalence of GI parasites in BBGs suggests a critical need for developing effective strategies to prevent caprine parasitoses.

Применение компаундных нефтесодержащих собирателей в процессе пенной сепарации алмазов

The object of this study is the process of diamond-containing kimberlites’ enrichment by foam separation. The subject of research is compound collectors for diamond flotation. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility and choice of conditions for the use of Machchobin oil as a component of the base collector in the foam separation of diamonds. The objectives of the research are to establish the physico-chemical characteristics of Machchobin oil, fuel oil and their mixtures; assess their collecting ability; select the optimal composition of the collector; determine the effectiveness of a compound collector use in the technological process. The methods of rectification analysis of fractional composition, visiometric analysis of structure and phase composition, vibrational viscometry have been used to establish the physical and chemical characteristics of Machchobin oil, fuel oils and their mixtures. To estimate the collecting ability of the compound collector the methods of flotation and foam separation of diamonds and minerals of kimberlite on the laboratory installations of foamless flotation and foam separation have been applied. To determine the efficiency of the compound collector an automated foam separation unit has been used. Conducted physico-chemical studies have shown that when mixing fuel oil F-5 and degassed Machchobin oil, the dissolution of asphaltenes of fuel oil in low–molecular fractions of oil, and paraffins of oil – in medium-molecular fractions of fuel oil is observed. The formation of finely dispersed and colloidal solutions of high-molecular components of oil increases the adhesive activity and leads to an increase in the collecting capacity of the compound collector. The flotation studies have shown that the greatest extraction of diamonds into concentrate is achieved when using a mixture of fuel oil F-5 and Machchobin oil as a base collector at a ratio from 3:1 to 1:1. The tests carried out during the enrichment of the ore of the Aihal tube by foam separation have established an increase in diamond extraction using a compound collector by 1.1–2.1 %. By replacing the fuel oil fraction with oil, a reduction in reagent costs has also been achieved.

A cross sectional study on the prevalence of ascariasis among school children; a case study of ikwo, ebonyi state nigeria

Background: Ascariasis is a common intestinal parasitic infection prevalent among school children in many developing countries. Aim: this study was to determine the prevalence of ascariasis among school children in Ikwo Local Government Area (L.G.A.) of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Material and Method: Between February 2016 and December 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted, and 300 stool samples were collected from primary school children in Ikwo L.G.A. The brine flotation method was employed for laboratory analysis to detect the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. The prevalence of ascariasis was calculated by determining the proportion of positive cases among the total number of children examined. Results: Out of the 300 stool samples examined, 180 were found to be infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, yielding a prevalence rate of 60%. Among the infected school children, 170 were males (66.6%) and 130 were females (33.3%). The infection rate among males was significantly higher than among females (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study identified a high prevalence of ascariasis among school children in Ikwo L.G.A., Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The findings emphasize the need for targeted public health interventions, such as deworming programs and health education campaigns, to reduce the burden of ascariasis and improve the overall health of the affected population, particularly among school-aged children

Zooplankton egg bank: characterization and effect of biotic factors on hatching

Many zooplankton organisms facing harsh environmental conditions producing resting eggs. Resting eggs accumulate in the sediment and create a resting egg bank. Knowledge on the egg bank structure, morphology and morphometry of the eggs as well as the effect of cues on hatching, contributes to the understanding zooplankton dynamics in lakes. Here we described the composition and structure of zooplankton egg bank from a shallow tropical lake and analyzed the effect of some biotic factors on hatching rates. In order to describe the structure and composition of the resting egg bank, we determined the richness, density, morphology and morphometry of the resting eggs isolated by the sugar flotation method. Diapausing eggs were measured and their external features studied by microphotography under optical microscope and SEM. To analyze the effect of biotic factors on hatching rates, we exposed the resting structures and the entire sediment to three biotic factors: a chlorophyte (Scenedesmus acutus), a cyanobacteria (Microcystis sp.) and a predatory rotifer (Asplanchna girodi). A total of 25 zooplankton species hatched from the sediments. Our results show that the medium density of the healthy-looking diapausing eggs was of 7.6 ± 2 diapausing eggs · cm−3 and that rotifers are the predominant group in the egg bank. Medium conditioned with the chlorophyte and the cyanobacteria resulted in a higher hatching rate. The ornamentations of rotifer diapausing eggs present different features, such as wrinkles and spines, which can help to taxonomic identification without the need of promoting hatching.

Epidemiological Survey on Gastrointestinal and Pulmonary Parasites in Cats Around Toulouse (France).

Various feline parasites are potentially zoonotic thus establishing factors associated with parasitism is of animal and public health interest. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of endoparasites in client-owned cats, living in the area of Toulouse, France, over the period 2015 - 2017, and to investigate possible risk factors. A total of 498 faecal samples from cats of the University Animal Hospital of Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse were analysed, 448 from cats presented for consultation and 50 at post-mortem. Analysis was performed using a commercial flotation enrichment method with a hypersaturated sodium chloride solution and Baermann technique. Further examination of the gastrointestinal tract contents was conducted on necropsied cats. Overall, 11.6 % of cats were positive for endoparasites; 50 (11.2 %) consultation cases and 8 (16 %) post-mortem cases, with no significant difference in prevalence between the groups. Amongst infected cats, most were infected by a single species of parasite and 10.3 % (n=6) were infected with two or more. The most common parasite was Toxocara cati with a prevalence of 9.4 % (n=47). Other endoparasites encountered were: Cystoisospora sp 1.0 % (n=5), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus 1.0 % (n=5), Strongyloides sp 0.6 % (n=3), Dipylidium caninum 0.4 % (n=2), Aonchotheca putorii 0.2 % (n=1), Ancylostomatidae 0.2 % (n=1) and Toxascaris leonina 0.2 % (n=1). The examination of the gastronintestinal tract contents of the necropsied cats revealed Mesocestoides sp 0.4 % (n=2) and Tænia (Hydatigera) tæniaeformis sensu lato 0.2 % (n=1) which are seldomly diagnosed by flotation methods. In this study, increasing age and neutered status were statistically associated with reduced odds of infection by endoparasites (helminth and coccidian). Predictors of significantly increased risk included being male, intact, and not receiving regular anthelmintic treatment. The same risk factors were highlighted specifically for Toxocara cati infections, with rural location being an additional risk factor for infection.

Fasciola Hepatıca İle Doğal Enfekte Sığırlarda Koagulasyon Profilleri

Özet: Dünya gelinde yaygın olarak görülen Fasciola hepatica, koyun ve sığır başta olmak üzere bir çok hayvaın karaciğerini etkileyen ve zoonotik trematodtur. Bu çalışmada Fasciola hepatica tespit edilen sığırlarda koagülasyon profilinde meydana gelebilecek değişimlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini çiftliklerdeki 282 adet sığır oluşturdu. çalışma kapsamında , bu sığırların klinik ve labratuvar sonuçlarına göre; 20 tanesi hastalıklı gruba, 20 sığır ise sağlıklı gruba dahil edildi. Araştırma yapılacak hayvanların genel klinik muayenesi yapıldıktan sonra dışkı ve kan örnekleri alındı. Bu hayvanlardan alınan gaita numuneleri Fasciola spp. yumurtalarının belirlenmesine yönelik olarak, sedimentasyon-çinko sülfat flotasyon metodu kullanıldı. Ayrıca ELISA yöntemi ile serum örneklerinden Fasciola hepatica antikorları ile araştırıldı. Na-sitrat’lı tüplere alınan kan örneklerinden koagulasyon profilleri incelendi. Yapılan koagülasyon analizi sonucunda pozitif örneklerin parsiyel tromboplastin zamanı (aPTT), protrombin zamanı (PT) ve International Normalized Ratio (INR) 'de uzama meydana getirdiği tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, kronik fasiolozisin sığırlarda hematolojik ve hemostatik parametrelerde önemli değişikliklere neden olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.