Method For Processing Experimental Data Research Articles

A method of processing experimental data on the parameters of physical processes in information-measurement systems based on Mivar logical nets

A new method of computation-logic processing of information and experimental data on the basis of Mivar logic nets and productions for the creation of future information-measurement systems, control-measurement instruments, and diagnostic complexes is proposed.

Recovery of particle distribution function in four-dimensional phase space from measurements with pepper-pot method

The possibility of recovering the particle distribution function at any point of the four-dimensional transverse phase volume “x, x′, y, y′” using the results of measurements with the pepper-pot method is demonstrated. The proposed method for processing experimental data is based on the assumption that the one-to-one correspondence between holes in the mask and their images on the screen is established. Such a preliminary calibration should be experimentally performed on the measured ion beam. The method of moments is used for the recovery of the distribution function. Using Legendre polynomials for processing experimental results reduces the problem to a sequence of recurrence relations. A numerical simulation of the measurement process demonstrated that the recovery accuracy of the particle distribution function is about ±10%.

Diagnostics of the generalized synchronization in microwave generators of chaos

The generalized synchronization of chaos in a system of microwave generators based on klystron amplifiers with delayed feedback has been studied. A modification of the nearest neighbors method for diagnostics of generalized synchronization of chaos in systems with delayed feedback is developed. The efficiency of the modified method for processing experimental data is shown.

Applicability tests for empirical formulas: Analysis of turbulent flows and general comments

Direct and differential-invariant methods for processing experimental data are used to analyze Nikuradse’s results for a turbulent flow of a viscous liquid in round smooth tubes for various Reynolds numbers. It is found that direct testing ratios do not make it possible to draw a correct inference about the applicability of the Prandtl logarithmic profile. The explanation of this paradoxical result is given. It is shown that although direct applicability tests for empirical formulas do not generally ensure the necessary conditions of their applicability, they make it possible to draw subtle qualitative inferences that cannot be reached using the least-squares method.

New methods for processing experimental data: Applicability tests for empirical formulas

Several new mathematical methods for processing experimental data that can be used in chemical engineering and fluid dynamics are proposed. Direct (explicit and implicit), functional, and combined methods for testing empirical formulas for applicability are discussed. It is shown that for generality purposes it is reasonable to process the final results of experimental studies using special generalized variables, which are invariant under scaling and translation transformations. These variables can be used for testing several empirical formulas at the same time. The proposed methods can be successfully used for processing numerically computed results in order to obtain approximate formulas in any field of natural sciences.

Optimization of the compositions of meat products with food additives

Data are given on optimizing multicomponent compositions of meat products with the use of modern method of processing experimental data based on adapted artificial intelligence methodology.

Coherent super-resolution microscopy via laterally structured illumination

Theory describing a super-resolution microscopy experiment using temporally and spatially coherent structured illumination was developed, and used to derive a method for processing experimental data. Numerical simulations were performed to verify that the method can, in principle, produce super-resolved images that are exactly equivalent to an image processed by a system with a much larger aperture (that is, the correct weighting between different regions of the image spectrum is maintained). The process was then demonstrated experimentally, showing a factor of two improvement in resolution over a diffraction-limited, coherently illuminated, microscope.

METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION, THROUGH PROCESSING DATA, OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN FACTORS

This paperwork represents a debate upon the methods of processing experimental data. One suggests, this way, the fact that the repetitions are introduced into the experiment in order to eliminate accidental situations and to determine the average effect. Starting from this truth one proposes to operate in the data processing with average values on repetitions. This way, the variation between variants becomes total variation, and the interaction component is implicitly assigned on the factors studied on the experiment. The method has the advantage that the processing of the information becomes much simpler, the test becoming much severe.

Hilbert-Huang transform in MHD plasma diagnostics

A new method for processing experimental data from MHD diagnostics is discussed that provides a more detailed study of the dynamics of large-scale MHD instabilities. The method is based on the Hilbert-Huang transform method and includes an empirical mode decomposition algorithm, which is used to decompose the experimental MHD diagnostic signals into a set of frequency-and amplitude-modulated harmonics in order to construct the time evolutions of the amplitudes and frequencies of these harmonics with the help of the Hilbert transform. The method can also be applied to analyze data from other diagnostics that measure unsteady oscillating signals.

How to accurately determine the uptake of hydrogen in carbonaceous materials

A volumetric apparatus for adsorption measurement of hydrogen in carbonaceous materials aimed at hydrogen adsorption storage was constructed. The performance of the apparatus was assessed by helium and hydrogen adsorption in one kind of vapor-grown graphitic nanofiber (GNF). The bulk gas amounts determined by the equations of state of the Modified-Benedic-Webb-Rubin (MBWR), the ideal gas and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) under the conditions of present study are compared. Two different methods of processing experimental data to determine the residual volume are studied. Experimental results and theoretic analysis showed that the volumetric apparatus and the data processing method described in this paper could accurately determine the Gibbs excess adsorption amount of hydrogen in carbonaceous materials. Although the vapor-grown GNF used in the present study did not show a significant storage capacity of hydrogen, the obtained results would provide favorable reference data for the development of the carbonaceous material for hydrogen adsorption storage.

Phase retrieval in digital speckle pattern interferometry by use of a smoothed space-frequency distribution.

We evaluate the use of a smoothed space-frequency distribution (SSFD) to retrieve optical phase maps in digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI). The performance of this method is tested by use of computer-simulated DSPI fringes. Phase gradients are found along a pixel path from a single DSPI image, and the phase map is finally determined by integration. This technique does not need the application of a phase unwrapping algorithm or the introduction of carrier fringes in the interferometer. It is shown that a Wigner-Ville distribution with a smoothing Gaussian kernel gives more-accurate results than methods based on the continuous wavelet transform. We also discuss the influence of filtering on smoothing of the DSPI fringes and some additional limitations that emerge when this technique is applied. The performance of the SSFD method for processing experimental data is then illustrated.

Resonance acoustic spectroscopy of lossy materials

Resonance acoustic spectroscopy (RAS) is known as an efficient tool for determining the elastic and dissipative parameters of materials. However, its use for diagnostics of a variety of materials with a low quality factor (including materials with defects) is often impeded by overlapping of resonance responses at different modes. Here, a method of processing experimental data is suggested which enables one to determine resonance frequencies and Q-factors in cases of broad and overlapping resonances. In experiments, both undamaged and cracked samples were studied. A swept-frequency excitation was used for polycarbonate samples, whereas an impulse method with impact excitation was used for concrete samples. Signal processing was performed with the use of the suggested algorithm. In particular, the decrease of the Q-factor and splitting of resonance frequencies due to crack formation were registered. This method, which demonstrates a high efficiency even at a significant resonance overlapping, can be used for nondestructive testing of a broad class of materials.

Experimental Analysis of High-Temperature Creep, Fatigue, and Damage. 1. Analysis Methods

Experimental methods used to study high-temperature processes of creep, damage, long-term fracture, and high-cyclic fatigue are reviewed. Emphasis is on nonstandard methods of testing specimens and structural elements, experiment schemes and equipment, and mathematical methods for processing experimental data. A technique of constructing unified deformation and damage diagrams based on the conditions of proportional similarity is substantiated

The method of dynamic separation and its application to quantitative thermal analysis of microelectronic devices by laser interferometry and reflectometry

We present an original method for processing experimental data in quantitative thermal analysis by laser interferometry and reflectometry on normally functioning microelectronic devices. This method hinges on the different temporal behaviours of thermally induced reflectometric and interferometric responses of a device under electric excitation. It permits separation of interferometric contributions related to heat diffusion from those induced `instantaneously' by the heat source's temperature variation. A useful result is that, instead of complex non-stationary modelling, it suffices to perform just stationary modelling of the separated contributions to derive thermal data of interest, namely the device's functioning temperature, the material's thermoreflectance coefficient and so on. A detailed description of the development of the proposed method is given for a current-carrying element in an integrated circuit.

An approach to tribosystem simulation and tribotesting

AbstractThis paper proposes an approach to the problems of simulation and description of tribosystems, based on an investigation of various fundamental aspects of tribosystem operation. A complex of parameters to be measured in testing, and characteristics analysed after the tests, are selected, using the authors' experience in tribotesting. Methods of processing experimental data and their interpretation are discussed. The approach described here has been successfully used for solution of various practical problems.

Corpuscular diagnostics and processing methods applied in investigations of laser-produced plasma as a source of highly ionized ions

This paper presents a set of complementary corpuscular diagnostics applied in experiments for investigation of laser-produced plasma as a source of ions. The measuring possibilities and methods for processing experimental data of a cylindrical electrostatic ion energy analyzer, a Thomson parabola ion analyzer, various types of electrostatic probes, a detector of neutral atom fluxes, as well as methods for visualization of ion emission areas are discussed. Special attention was focused on the ion-induced secondary electron emission problem and its influence on the accuracy of the measurements.

Experimental data processing by means of ‘asymptotic coordinates’

A new simple method for processing experimental data is suggested which allows one, in many cases, to reveal universal relations in different fields of science and technology. The method also makes it possible to effectively model and forecast qualitatively similar phenomena and processes that occur under identical conditions. A number of concrete examples are considered of the suggested method of application to the analysis of some experimental results obtained when studying different processes of convective heat and mass transfer, chemical technology and hydrodynamics.

Direct determination of the superslow rotation mechanism by pulse ESR spectroscopy

Equations for saturation transfer under superslow nitroxyl radical rotations in pulse ESR spectroscopy are solved. The solution is obtained under arbitrary correlation of the orientational relaxation process (Ivanov-Valiev model) and expanded in the small parameter-hfi tensor principal value ratio A ⊥/ A |. A method for processing experimental data is proposed which allows one to obtain information about a sufficiently complete set of orientational relaxation times, thus solving the problem of the microscopic Markoffian reorientation mechanism.

A method of processing experimental data on the kinetics of hematopoietic stem cells

A method of processing experimental data on the kinetics of hematopoietic stem cells

Standard free energy of transfer of a solute from water into micelles

The concept of the ‘standard free energy of transfer’ of a solute from water into micelles is critically examined. It is shown that there is no unambiguous way of defining this concept. A possible method of processing experimental data is suggested and discussed.