Methanolic Leaf Research Articles

The Effect of Giving Methanol Extract from Magrove Leaves Rhizopora Sp. to The Increase of Erythrocite Amount in Anemia In -Vivo

This study aims to determine the effect of methanol extract of mangrove leaves Rhizopora sp. on increasing the number of erythrocytes in anemic rats in vivo. This type of research is a laboratory experimental research. The research design used was a post only control group design using a sample of 4 treatments and each treatment with 5 replications. The sample in this study was a sample taken, namely mice aged 3-4 months with a body weight of 20-25 grams. Male mice (Musmusculus L) and mangrove Rhizophora sp. taken from the coastal village of Lembar. This study used two treatments, namely P1 (methanol extract of mangrove leaves 100mg/kgbb and P2 (methanol extract of mangrove leaves 200mg/kgbb), while for positive control (Ferro Fumarate), and negative control (aquadest). sp. to the increase in the number of anemic mice in vivo K-, K+, PI, and P2, respectively, the average number of erythrocytes was 3.55 x 106/mm3, 7.01 x 106 / mm3, 7.848 x 106 / mm3 and 9.056 x 106 / mm 3. The data were obtained using the ANOVA statistical test to determine whether there was a difference in the effective dose of each treatment, it was necessary to continue with the LSD test, the results were not significantly different between K+, P1 and P2 but significantly different from K- which means there was an effect of giving extract Mangrove leaf methanol on increasing the number of erythrocyte anemia in vivo.

Bioactive Compounds of Schefflera stellata (Geartn.) Baill. Leaf Methanolic Extract and their Cytotoxic Effect on Lung cancer Cell Line (A549)

Bioactive Compounds of Schefflera stellata (Geartn.) Baill. Leaf Methanolic Extract and their Cytotoxic Effect on Lung cancer Cell Line (A549)

The effect of using Laban leaf (Vitex pinnata) methanol extract toothpaste on saliva pH in Students of SD Negeri I Pagar AIR

Background: Maintaining the pH balance of saliva is one way to prevent dental caries. The pH balance of saliva is influenced by the rate of salivary secretion. The rate of salivary secretion can be stimulated chemically and mechanically. Mechanical stimulation by brushing teeth and chemically by gargling. Indonesia is currently developing natural ingredients as medicinal ingredients that have been scientifically tested for their benefits and safety. Laban leaf (Vitex pinnata) is one of the many medicinal plants found in Indonesia. Laban leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins that can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans so that it can remove dental plaque naturally. Some researchers state that laban leaf extract can affect the pH of saliva. This study aims to see the effect of the use of laban leaf methanol extract toothpaste on salivary pH.Methods: Experimental research method with pre and post-tests design with proposing sampling technique where 26 people were taken as samples. The sample was divided into 2 groups which received different treatment. Group 1 was instructed to brush their teeth with laban leaf extract toothpaste and group 2 with toothpaste circulating in the market tied their teeth for 3 minutes.Results: Results based on the comparison of salivary pH before and after brushing teeth, it was found that brushing teeth with methanol extract toothpaste of laban leaves was more effective in increasing salivary pH. Based on the use of toothpaste with laban leaf methanol extract, the significant value is 0.000<(0.05), so it can be concluded that reject H0. This means that there is an average difference before and after using laban leaf methanol extract toothpaste. In conclusion, the use of laban leaf methanol extract toothpaste has more effect on increasing the pH of saliva.Conclusions: brushing teeth with laban leaf methanol extract toothpaste is more effective in increasing the pH of saliva. We recommend recommending further research to determine the potential of laban leaves to be used as raw material for toothpaste.

Phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of the leaves and stem bark of Symphonia globulifera L.f. and Allophylus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Radlk

IntroductionSymphonia globulifera and Allophylus abyssinicus are used in the management of skin rashes and sores, cough, malaria, digestive diseases, stomach ache, wounds and helminthic infections among others in Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Cameroon. This study aimed at determining the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of these two plants.MethodsThe stem bark and leaves of both plants were collected from Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and air-dried under shade at room temperature. Cold maceration, decoction and infusion with methanol, water and ethyl acetate as solvents were used in phytochemical extraction. Preliminary qualitative screening and thin layer chromatography were used for phytochemical profiling. Antimicrobial activity was analysed by agar well diffusion assay, broth macro-dilution assay and fractional inhibition concentration index (FICI).ResultsThe leaves and stem bark of both plants have a diverse set of phytochemical compounds of variable polarity including, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones and anthraquinones among others. Generally, methanol and water extracts of S. globulifera and A. abyssinicus had in-vitro bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but weak fungistatic activity against Candida albicans. Allophylus abyssinicus leaf water and S. globulifera leaf methanol extract combination had a synergistic activity (ΣFICI = 0.37) against S. aureus. Similarly, A. abyssinicus stem bark water extract and A. abyssinicus leaf water extract combination had an additive effect (ΣFICI = 1) against P. aeruginosa.ConclusionThe leaves and stem bark crude extracts of S. globulifera and A. abyssinicus possess a wide range of bioactive phytochemical compounds but have weak antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans.

Estrogenic Effects of Tapak Dara (Catharantus roseus) Leaf Methanol Extract on The Estrus Cycle of Adult Female Mice (Mus musculus) Balb/C Strain

Tapak dara plant is a plant that contains several active compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids and alkaloids. The tapak dara plant can act as a sedative, urinary laxative, stop bleeding, and neutralize toxins. In addition, tapak dara leaf extract contains ingredients that can act as antifertilization. This study aimed to determine the effect of methanol extract of tapak dara leaf on the estrus cycle of adult female mice (Mus musculus) Balb/C strain. This research is an experimental research by testing cause and effect. The hypothesis test used in this study was one-way ANOVA and BNT test. The significance value of giving tapak dara leaf methanol extract to female mice showed a significant value so that it can be said that the administration of tapak dara leaf methanol extract caused the estrus cycle of female mice to be longer. The significance value of estrogenic activity in mice shows a significant value of 0.047, so it can be said that estrogen activity also affects the length of the estrus cycle. The results of hypothesis testing using the one-way ANOVA test were significant, so it can be concluded that the methanol extract of tapak dara leaves can cause the estrus cycle of female mice to be longer.

Chemical Composition of Various Nepeta cataria Plant Organs' Methanol Extracts Associated with In Vivo Hepatoprotective and Antigenotoxic Features as well as Molecular Modeling Investigations.

This report summarizes the chemical composition analysis of Nepeta cataria L. flower, leaf, and stem methanol extracts (FME, LME, SME, respectively) as well as their hepatoprotective and antigenotoxic features in vivo and in silico. Herein, Wistar rat liver intoxication with CCl4 resulted in the generation of trichloromethyl and trichloromethylperoxy radicals, causing lipid peroxidation within the hepatocyte membranes (viz. hepatotoxicity), as well as the subsequent formation of aberrant rDNA adducts and consequent double-strand break (namely genotoxicity). Examined FME, LME, and SME administered orally to Wistar rats before the injection of CCl4 exerted the most notable pharmacological properties in the concentrations of 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Thus, the extracts’ hepatoprotective features were determined by monitoring the catalytic activities of enzymes and the concentrations of reactive oxidative species, modulating the liver redox status. Furthermore, the necrosis of hepatocytes was assessed by means of catalytic activities of liver toxicity markers. The extracts’ antigenotoxic features were quantified using the comet assay. Distinct pharmacological property features may be attributed to quercitrin (8406.31 μg/g), chlorogenic acid (1647.32 μg/g), and quinic acid (536.11 μg/g), found within the FME, rosmarinic acid (1056.14 μg/g), and chlorogenic acid (648.52 μg/g), occurring within the LME, and chlorogenic acid (1408.43 μg/g), the most abundant in SME. Hence, the plant’s secondary metabolites were individually administered similar to extracts, upon which their pharmacology in vivo was elucidated in silico by means of the structure-based studies within rat catalase, as a redox marker, and rat topoisomerase IIα, an enzyme catalyzing the rat DNA double-strand break. Conclusively, the examined N. cataria extracts in specified concentrations could be used in clinical therapy for the prevention of toxin-induced liver diseases.

Potent nutraceuticals having antioxidant, DNA damage protecting potential and anti-cancer properties from the leaves of four Ficus species

In the present study, we have evaluated fractionation based phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity, DNA damage protecting potential and anticancerous properties of leaves of common Ficus species (namely Ficus virens, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Ficus elastica) along with GCMS analysis for identification of major bioactive constituents. Methanol fraction of F. virens contained maximum amount of phenolics (1267.35 mg GAE/g dry extract) and flavonoids (1080.61 mg QE/g dry extract) whereas hexane fraction of F. religiosa possessed highest amount of tannins (123.76 mg TAE/g dry extract). Least amount of phytochemicals was recovered from F. elastica. Highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 108.28 μg/ml) was detected by methanol fraction of F. benghalensis whereas highest ABTS activity (IC50 = 105.56 μg/ml) by F. benghalensis and highest ferric reducing power by F. virens (359.44 mg QE/g dry extract). Leaf methanol fraction of F. virens, F. religiosa and F. elastica were able to prevent oxidative DNA damage at 0.1 mg/ml,0.2 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml respectively. Viability of normal breast cells was unaffected by methanol fraction of tested Ficus species at doses less than 160 μg/ml, whereas survival of breast cancer cells was decreased by F. benghalensis at 5 μg/ml. GCMS analysis of the purified methanol fraction of tested species revealed the presence of potent bioactive compounds such as carvacrol, phytol, tocopherol, benzophenone, dibutyl phthalate, lycopersen etc. All our experimental results along with the identification of the bioactive compounds supported the fact that leaves of tested Ficus species as rich source of phytochemicals with nutraceutical potentialities.

Polyphenolic Contents, Free Radical Scavenging and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Dalbergiella welwitschii Leaf Extracts.

A decoction of Dalbergiella welwitschii leaves has been used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of mental illness and inflammatory diseases amongst other diseases. In this study, the leaf methanol extract of D. welwitschii and its partition fractions: n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous, were tested and evaluated for their polyphenolic contents, free radical scavenging and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. The total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) and proanthocyanidin (TPA) contents were determined using standard colorimetric methods. The anti-radical activity of the extracts against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric ion and nitric oxide (NO) radicals as well as their effects on lipid peroxidation were monitored spectrophotometrically. The cholinesterase enzyme (AChE and BuChE) inhibitions by the extracts were determined by a modified method of Ellman. The result showed a concentration-dependent increase in inhibition of the free radicals and the cholinesterase enzymes, except for that of lipid peroxidation. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction exhibited the highest polyphenolic contents among the fractions, with a TPC of 1.08 mgGAE/g, TFC of 0.38 mgQuE/g and TPA of 0.21 mgGAE/g. It also demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activities with 72.63% and 65.43% inhibitions of DPPH and NO, respectively. The EtOAc fraction inhibited AChE and BuChE enzymes with IC50 values of 0.94 and 8.49 mg/mL, respectively. Our findings show that the plant may have polyphenol contents, in particular in the methanol extract and EtOAc fraction. These extracts showed considerable free radical scavenging and cholinesterase inhibitory properties. Thus, the observed bioactivities may serve as a justification for its folkloric use as a remedy for mental illness. The study also provides relevant information that could help in the search for lead cholinesterase inhibitors from medicinal plants that can be exploited against neurodegenerative disorders.

Crassocephalum rubens extract and fractions: Hypolipidemic and cardioprotective activities

Globally, cardiovascular diseases are becoming the major cause of death. Crassocephalum rubens is an indigenous vegetable used traditionally in the treatment of several disease conditions including stomach upset, wounds, and high blood pressure. However, there are limited literature reports on its hypolipidemic and cardioprotective activities, hence this study investigated the effects of leaf methanol extract and fractions of C. rubens on lipid profile, liver, cardiac marker enzymes; alanine (ALT), and aspartate (AST) aminotransferases, and cardiac tissue integrity in Isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups and administered different doses (100 & 150 mg/kg) of the plant extract and fractions for 14 days while normal control and MI control received phosphate buffer saline. C. rubens leaf methanol extract and fractions significantly (p<0.05) reduced TC (75.45 ± 2.44 - 96.09 ± 1.65 mg/dL), TG (84.04 ± 1.79 - 127.00 ± 0.47 mg/dL), VLDL-C (16.81 ± 0.36 - 25.42 ± 0.10 mg/dL), LDL-Cholesterol (03.49 ± 1.03 - 26.04 ± 1.64 mg/dL), and AST of the pretreated myocardial infarcted rats versus MI control (168.70 ± 9.85 mg/dL, 146.60 ± 1.74 mg/dL, 29.31 ± 0.34 mg/dL, 77.73 ± 9.67 mg/dL, respectively), while plasma HDL-C was increased. The crude extract and fractions of C. rubens showed significant cardioprotective activities on the integrity of the heart tissues of the experimental rats. The findings reveal antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective potentials and provide a possible lead for isolation of bioactive compounds from C. rubens in the management of hyperlipidemia and its associated ailments.

Mechanisms of anti-hypertensive activity of methanol leaf extract and fractions of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in rats

Background: Persea americana has been identified to possess antihypertensive properties, but the mechanisms of these properties remain unclear. This study was thus designed to elucidate the mechanisms of anti-hypertensive activity of the extract and fractions of fresh leaf of Persea americana on hypertension induced in rats.Methods: Crude methanol leaf extract of P. americana was partitioned into n-butanol, dichloromethane, chloroform, hexane and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fraction was further purified through column chromatography. Doses of the extract and column fraction were tested for contraction on rat isolated thoracic rings and for in vitro angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities. The test doses were further evaluated for anti-hypertensive activities on noradrenaline- and L-NAME-induced hypertension as well as atherogenic index in hyperlipidemic rats. Effects were compared with control values via one-way analysis of variance using GraphPad® version 8.0 softwareResults: P. americana leaf methanol extract and ethyl acetate column fraction 3 reduced the contractile effect of noradrenaline significantly (p < 0.001) in the isolated thoracic aortic rings through intact endothelium-mediated mechanism(s). The test doses also exhibited in vitro angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities similar to that of captopril. Additionally, ethyl acetate column fraction 3 also reduced the hypertensive effect of L-NAME- induced hypertension by 23%Conclusion: Persea americana methanol leaf extract and ethyl acetate column fraction 3 exhibited significant reductions in all the tested parameters of L-NAME and noradrenaline-induced hypertension most probably through inhibition of vascular alpha adrenoceptors, angiotensin converting enzyme and amelioration of dyslipidemia.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Gossypium hirsutum L. (Bt and Non-Bt) Phytochemical Extracts: The Most Widely Cultivated Species of Cotton in the World

The phytochemical analysis of Gossypium hirsutum was carried out using standardized methods for the evaluation of active compounds and provided opportunities for use in the preparation of new drugs. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and non-Bacillus thuringiensis (non-Bt) cotton species are picked for the current study and during this, different solvents such as acetone, ethanol, methanol, pet-ether, chloroform, water used for phytochemical and antimicrobial screening from cotton leaves and seeds in the year 2013. The phytochemical analysis found the presence and absence of flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, saponins, amino acids and tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroids, terpenoids, sugars respectively. The investigation on the antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic strains of bacteria has been conducted and the highest inhibitory effect is present in leaf chloroform extract of non-Bt cotton against Pseudomonas fluorescens, whereas leaf methanol extract of Bt cotton was found to be most potent against Escherichia coli. Ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts have been effective against the remaining bacterial strains. Water extracts have a great inhibiting effect on all fungal pathogens tested. Results suggest that some samples may contain various pharmacologically active compounds with moderate antimicrobial properties.

Phenolic profile, antioxidant, DNA protection, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and urease inhibition activities of Coriandrum sativum L. leaf, seed and flower extracts

In this study, chemical content, antioxidant activities, enzyme inhibition activities, and DNA protection activities of extracts obtained from different solvents of the Coriandrum sativum leaf, flower and seed were determined. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of C. sativum leaf, seed and flower hexane extracts were higher than water, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The highest anthocyanin content was found in the flower part of C. sativum. From the antioxidant activity tests, total antioxidant activity of flower aqueous extract, reducing power of seed aqueous extract, H2O2 scavenging activity of leaf ethyl acetate extract, OH˙ radical scavenging activity of leaf hexane extract, free radical scavenging activity of flower methanol extract, metal chelate activity of leaf ethyl acetate extract, superoxide anion scavenging activity of leaf aqueous extract and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of the leaf ethyl acetate extract had the highest. It was found that the urease inhibition activity of the seed methanol extract and the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities of the seed ethanol extract presented effective inhibition activity as 80.30±0.20%, 112.83±10.75 µg/mL, and 334.28±23.09 µg/mL, respectively. The leaf hexane, flower ethyl acetate, and leaf methanol extracts showed the highest DNA protection activities with values of 71.86%, 70.89%, and 69.38%, respectively. According to the phytochemical content and biochemical activity results, this study is a valuable report proving that the C. sativum plant is a natural effective product.

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant activity of methanol crude extract of Aspilia africana leaves: an in vitro approach

Aspilia africana (Compositae) is one of such plants considered of great importance in the pharmacopeia of traditional medicine. This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of its leaf methanol extract. leaf samples of Aspilia africana were collected, washed, air-dried, and processed to a fine powder in the microbiology laboratory of Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. Crude extract of the leaf samples was done by the cold maceration technique using methanol solvents. Phytochemical analysis of the carried out using previously described technique, and in vitro antibacterial activities of concentrations 1.625-100 mg/ml and a standard antibiotic (Streptomycin) were tested on Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus stereothemophilus, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Serratia marcensens, Proteus mirabilis by the agar diffusion test. The radical scavenging ability of the extract was determined using the stable radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate). The phytochemical analysis of the crude extract of both plants revealed the presence of saponins, tannin, resin, phlobatannins, and phenols. The in-vitro antibacterial test of the methanol crude extract using the agar well diffusion method showed broad-spectrum activity. With a minimum bactericidal concentration of 30 and 75 mg/mL for Klebsiella pneumonia, and Bacillus subtilis respectively. In-vitro antioxidant activities using 2, 2–diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay indicate that the methanol leaves extract had higher activity than 92.23 µg/mL compared to standard drugs (Ascorbic acid 1.07 mg/mL) and IC50 at 4.66. This study concluded that Aspilia africana methanol crude extract exhibits dosage-dependent antioxidant antibacterial potential. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 10(2): 99-103.

ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION AND ANTIDIABETIC EFFICACY OF SENNA SIAMEA LAM. METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT IN MICE

Senna siamea Lam Irwin et Barneby is used as a medicinal plant especially its leaf, fruit, and stem bark. In this work, the leaf of Senna siamea was extracted using 85 % methanol by maceration method, screened, and investigated for phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity was evaluated using Lorke’s method and an antidiabetic study was carried out using alloxan-induced Wistar mice. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, steroid/terpenes, terpenoids, cardenolides and alkaloids, while phlorotannins and soluble starch were absent. The acute toxicity study revealed no death was recorded on the administration of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg dose of the leaf methanol extracts via both the oral and intraperitoneal routes in phase I. But death was recorded in phase two, when an extract dose of 5000 mg/kg of the leaf extracts was administered intraperitoneally. Thus, LD50 of the leaf extracts in rats administered via the oral route was ≥5000 mg/kg while the intraperitoneal route was calculated as 3807 mg/kg. The antidiabetic study revealed that the extract at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg bd.wt produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the animals with reductions of 61.01 % and 34.84 % respectively, while both the negative and positive controls had 00.00 % and 76.68 %. The result shows that the effect of the extract was not dose-dependent since the extract of 200 mg/kg exerted a more significant antidiabetic effect on the mice. Thus, the study justified the traditional use of the plant for the management of diabetes.

GC-MS analysis of bioactive phytochemicals from methanolic leaf and root extracts of Tephrosia vogelii

The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical compounds present in methanolic root and leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii. The plant species is found in the genus Tephrosia and family Fabaceae. Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the nature of secondary metabolites while Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, (GC-MS) was conducted to determine the specific phyto-compounds present in the methanolic root and leaf extracts. Phytochemicals were ascertained based on molecular weights (m/z) acquired from GC-MS chromatograms. Phytocompounds were established through interpretation of spectral peaks and comparing data with stored databases from the National Institute Standard and Technique (NIST) library. Phytochemical screening revealed terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and saponins. GC-MS analysis furnished ten phytocompounds. These were; demethylmunduserone (1), sumatrol (2), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (3), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one (4), (4R,5R,8S,8aS)-5-isopropyl-8-methyl-3-methylene-decahydroazulene-4,5,8-triol (5), deguelin (6), hexadecanoic acid (7), munduserone (8), tephrosin (9), and 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one (10). This study reports compounds 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 for the first time from this species. Evidently, the reported pharmacological properties of these phytochemicals support the ethnomedical use of T. vogelii for the traditional health care exclusively in the treatment of diseases such as fungal and bacterial, inflammatory, and cancer diseases, as well as the management of pests and ecto-parasites. Phytochemical components identified in this study advocate the presence of ethnomedical and phytopharmaceutical versality of T. vogelii that could be used in the antimicrobial drug formulation studies.

In-vitro Antioxidant Capacity of Leaves of Tephrosia villosa Linn. (Leguminosae) in Various Solvent Extract

Introduction: Leaves of Tephrosia villosa belonging to the family fabaceae being used for the treatment of dropsy and diabetes. The present research work was under taken to investigate the in-vitro antioxidant activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water extracts. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activities were carried out for six solvent extracts such as T. villosa leaf petroleum ether extract, T. villosa leaf chloroform extract, T. villosa leaf ethylacetate extract, T. villosa leaf ethanol extract, T. villosa leaf methanol extract, and T. villosa leaf water extract by standard methods. Five various antioxidant methods such as DPPH radical scavenging ability, superoxide radical scavenging potential, ABTS scavenging capacity, metal chelating ability, and reducing power assay (FRAP) were estimated. Results: Further investigation was carried out for in-vitro antioxidant activity and radical scavenging assay by calculating its % inhibition by means of IC50 values, all the extracts concentration has been adjusted to come under the linearity range and here reference standards ascorbic acid has been taken for the method suitability. Conclusion: The results revealed that leaves of this plant have antioxidant potential. Among these results, methenolic and water extract has more potent than the other extract. T. villosa Linn. (Fabaceae) leaves possess the antioxidant substance which may be potential responsible for the treatment of oxidative stress related diseases.

Chemo-profiling by UPLC-QTOF MS analysis and in vitro assessment of Anti-inflammatory activity of Field Milkwort (Polygala arvensis Willd.)

P. arvensis has traditionally been used in folk herbal therapy to treat a variety of ailments. This study looked at the phytochemical, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of P. arvensis stem, leaf, and root water and methanol extracts. When compared to stem and root extracts, the dry methanolic leaf extract had the highest phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of 291.56±0.01 mg GAE/gm DW and 65.53±0.08 mg RE/gm DW. Methanol root extract contained the greatest quantities of terpenoids and saponins, with 94.62±0.013 mg UAE/gm DW and 165.77±0.04 mg DE/gm DW, respectively. Methanol leaf extract contains much more alkaloids (52.19±0.08mg CE/gm FW) than stem and root extract. Although fresh leaf methanol extract has superior DPPH scavenging activity (79.79 ±0.003 percent), fresh leaf aqueous extract has higher ABTS scavenging capacity (64.35 ±0.09 percent) than the other extracts. P. arvensis has potential anti-inflammatory chemicals, according to UPLC-QTOF MS study. These chemicals may be responsible for membrane stabilization (87.78±0.03%), inhibition of protein denaturation (96.27±0.01%), inhibition of trypsin activity (80.97±0.05), and inhibition of NO generation. The suppression of NO generation was studied using LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. P. arvensis plant portions are also less harmful to cultured RAW 264.7 macrophage cells when tested using the MTT assay. The obtained results suggested that the plant is an effective anti-inflammatory agent.

Anthelmintic and Antioxidant Activities, Phytochemical Profile and Microscopic Features of Senna alata Collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile of Senna alata LINN using chemical screening in solution and thin-layer chromatography, and to assess the antioxidant and anthelmintic activities of the plant’s aqueous extracts.
 Methodology: All the analyses performed in this study were, respectively, done as described by the standard protocols. These were: the microscopic examination of the plant powders performed using a light microscope, the search for secondary metabolites carried out by chemical screening in solution and by thin-layer chromatography, the determination of the secondary metabolites, and the antioxidant activity carried out by UV-visible spectroscopy and the anthelmintic activity performed by dilution in decreasing order of concentration.
 Results: Micrographic analysis of the powder of Senna alata revealed the histological elements rich in unicellular covering hairs with a punctate surface and in fragments of palisade parenchyma, with elongated cells. The presence of polyphenols (flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, leuco anthocyanins, free quinones), steroids, terpenoids, and iridoids was detected by phytochemical screening in solution and confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. The determination of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, total tannins, and anthocyanins showed that Senna alata contains 254.64 mg EQ/g, 12.3%, 9.5%, and 6.5%, respectively, of these metabolites. The aqueous extract of the leaves of Senna alata showed a good anthelmintic activity after 41 minutes of exposure to 5.00 mg/mL of the extract and the antioxidant activity was reported, of which the value of IC50 (\(\mu\) g/mL) of the extract for the DPPH tests is 91.42 \(\pm\) 15.56.
 Conclusion: Histological elements rich in unicellular covering hairs with a punctate surface and in fragments of palisade parenchyma, with elongated cells were revealed in the micrographic analysis of Senna alata. The plant’s leaf methanol extract showed good antioxidant activity, while the anthelmintic activity was demonstrated in its aqueous extract.

Toxicity and Antiulcer Properties of Ipomoea wightii (Wall.) Choisy Leaves: An In Vivo Approach Using Wistar Albino Rats.

Humans have been using herbs to prevent and cure various ailments since antiquity, and Ipomoea wightii is a significant medicinal plant known for its wide ethnobotanical uses. Although the plant is known to treat ulcers, there is no significant scientific validation. The present study aimed to assess the acute toxicity, subacute toxicity, and antiulcer properties of the leaf methanol extract of I. wightii (IWL). In the subacute study, the extracts were given orally at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses for 28 days, and we analyzed the biochemical and histological parameters to evaluate the toxicity of IWL. Two different models were assessed to explore antiulcer properties, such as indomethacin- and ethanol-induced ulcer model. Ulcer areas and ulceration percentage histopathology of the stomach were used to study the efficacy of extracts. The acute toxicity study showed that IWL was safe to the maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In a subacute toxicity study, the oral administration of IWL did not produce any mortality in the tested animals. The analysis of haematological, liver biochemical, kidney profile, lipid profile, and in vivo antioxidant parameters depicted that all the values were within the control limits after the experimental period and were considered nontoxic to animals. Additionally, the antiulcer study demonstrated a positive response of IWL in a dose-related manner (indomethacin- and ethanol-induced models). Macroscopic analysis showed that pretreatment with I. wightii leaf methanol extract significantly reduced the gastric lesion and decreased the ulceration area (14.52 mm2), demonstrating superior results to the positive control group (27.71 mm2). The histopathological analysis revealed that pretreatment with a high dose of 400 mg/kg of I. wightii leaf methanol extract and positive control group (omeprazole) markedly protected pathological effects, and the gastric mucosa appeared normal. In conclusion, I. wightii has solid nontoxic potential as a promising native herb for an integral therapy for the treatment of ulcers.

Anti-obesity effects of the n-butanol fraction of the methanolic leaf extract of Artemisia campestris from Tunisian pharmacopeia in male Wistar rats

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the n-butanol fraction of the methanol leaf extract of Artemisia campestris (BFAC), growing wild in the arid zone of Tunisia, on induced obesity in male Wistar rats. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the BFAC were estimated. The main phenolic composition of the BFAC was determined using the high-performance chromatography system coupled with a diode array detector technics. Five groups of rats received either a standard diet (SD group), a high-fat diet (HFD group), or an HFD supplemented with oral administration of BFAC for eight weeks. The BFAC showed higher phenolic content and antioxidant potential than the total leaf methanol extract. Chlorogenic acid, rutin, and dicaffeoylquinic acids were identified in the BFAC. HFD increased body and relative liver weights, as well as serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, compared to SD. HFD generated significant oxidative stress in the liver by increasing lipid peroxidation and reducing glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, compared to SD. These HFD-altered parameters were restored to normal values by oral treatment with the BFAC. These findings give first evidence about the antiobesity efficacy of A.campestris. Such a study would enhance existing information and promote the use of this species.