Ammi visnaga (Visnaga daucoides) & Ammi majus as a novel thyrotherapeutic phytoalternative for rat with L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism.

Determination of labdane-type diterpenoid epimers from Vitex limonifolia.

The global rise in antibiotic resistance necessitates the urgent exploration of novel antimicrobial agents, particularly against resilient pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and antibacterial potential of methanolic, aqueous and hydrosol extracts (aromatic, water-based product) of the endemic Turkish plant Verbascum uschakense. Phytochemical profiling was conducted using GC-MS and HPLC analyses. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against four clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and well diffusion methods. GC-MS analysis identified numerous bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, phenols and hydrocarbons, while HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract revealed ferulic, coumaric, syringic and sinapinic acids as principal constituents. The methanolic extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, yielding an MIC of 0.25 mg/mL against all A. baumannii strains. In contrast, aqueous and hydrosol extracts showed no inhibitory effects. These findings highlight V. uschakense as a rich source of bioactive compounds with promising potential for developing novel therapeutic agents, functional foods and nutraceuticals.

HPLC-PDA and LC-HRMS/MS-based quantitative and qualitative analysis of Glycosmis pentaphylla alkaloids, and investigation of their anticancer potential through network pharmacology.

Phytochemical profiling and safety assessment of Curcuma caesia Roxb. methanolic extract in Wistar rats: An in vivo toxicological evaluation.

Antiplasmodial Compounds from Clerodendrum rotundifolium Oliv. and Oral Toxicity Assessment of the Leaf Extracts.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive neoplasm that can affect the central nervous system, presenting therapeutic limitations due to resistance to common medications. Therefore, a search for therapeutic alternatives is necessary. This study focused on the therapeutic potential of methanolic blackberry extract (Rubus sp.) against rat C6 and human U87 glioma cell lines, given the antioxidant and antitumor capacity of this fruit extract already described against other neoplasms. Furthermore, the impact of blackberry extract on healthy cells, specifically primary astrocyte cultures, was assessed. Cells were exposed to blackberry extract at concentrations ranging from 125 to 2000 µg/mL for 4, 6, 24, 48, or 72 h, after which cell viability and proliferation, cell migration, colony formation, interleukin levels, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Our results demonstrate the selective cytotoxic effect of blackberry extract at reducing viability and proliferation in both glioma cell lines without affecting the primary astrocyte cultures. The levels of reactive oxygen species were significantly reduced at all tested concentrations, and in parallel, an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione-s-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase was observed. Furthermore, the treatment reduced the capacity for cell migration, tumor colony formation and growth, and interleukin-10 levels. Our data suggest that blackberry extract has antitumorigenic potential, supporting further research using in vivo glioma models.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Lavandula maroccana Murb.: A comprehensive evaluation of extracts from different plant parts

Modulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and myeloperoxidase contributes to the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Paullinia pinnata Linn (Sapindaceae) extracts in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mono-arthritis in rats.

Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic metabolites from the aerial parts of Vernonia glabra (Asteraceae).

Antimicrobial evaluation of ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of rare actinomycetes from olive orchard soils of Rudbar County

Untargeted LC-MS/MS profiling of Prunus korshinskyi leaf and bark based on UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis with evaluation of wound healing potential.

Comparative evaluation of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities in relation to lichen acid profiles in Xanthoparmelia verruculifera, X. delisei, and X. loxodes.

There was a mild reduction in clotting time, during in vitro condition. Cytotoxicity evaluation of T. procumbens, carried out using standard in vitro methods (HaCaT - Human keratinocytes cell line studies), indicated dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of the extracts (IC50 value of 142.275µg/mL) and cell viability (non-significant at 6.25 µg/mL, compared to standard ascorbic acid; p < 0.0001 for doses 12.5 to 100 µg/mL). The study reveals antihemolytic action of the methanol extract at low concentration and moderate cytotoxic activity at higher concentrations, suggesting safe and potential applications in anticancer research, although further detailed investigations are required.

Exploring polyporphyrin isolated from Carica papaya seed oil in the control of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) () mosquito.

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) induced by methylglyoxal (MGO) contribute to oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis in osteoblasts, ultimately disrupting bone homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Tinospora crispa and Tinospora cordifolia extracts against MGO-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in hFOB 1.19 osteoblastic cells. Methanolic and aqueous extracts were evaluated for their ability to reduce intracellular ROS, caspase-3 expression, and AGE expression through ELISA based assays. Molecular docking was performed between selected bioactive compounds of these extracts and related proteins through AutoDock Vina. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA, followed by post-hoc tests. Methanolic extracts of T. crispa (240µg/mL) and T. cordifolia (100µg/mL) significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels by 46.8% and 41.2%, respectively (p < 0.05). Caspase-3 expression in MGO-induced osteoblast cells was significantly decreased following treatment with T. crispa and T. cordifolia extracts, indicating anti-apoptotic effects. However, only methanolic T. cordifolia (100µg/mL) and aqueous T. crispa at (375µg/mL) significantly reduced intracellular AGE expression (p < 0.05), suggesting selective effects on oxidative stress pathways. Molecular docking analysis revealed strong binding affinities of key bioactive compounds particularly towards berberine with xanthine oxidase (-8.3kcal/mol) and caspase-9 (-8.7kcal/mol). Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase showed a strong binding affinity towards quercetin (-7.9kcal/mol). These findings suggest that T. crispa and T. cordifolia extracts possess significant antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, making them promising therapeutic agents in mitigating MGO-induced osteoblastic damage.

To evaluate the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts derived from Spathodea campanulata as an endodontic irrigant in both in vitro and ex vivo models against Enterococcus faecalis. Aqueous (AQESC), methanolic (MESC), ethanolic (EESC), acetonic (AESC), chloroformic (CESC), and hexanic (HESC) extracts derived from Spathodea campanulata were prepared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. A well diffusion assay was employed to compare these extracts against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29,212. Human single-rooted teeth were collected, standardized, and inoculated to facilitate the development of a four-week biofilm. These teeth were subsequently divided into three experimental groups, each receiving positive pressure irrigation with 1 mL of one of the following solutions: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and the extract from Spathodea campanulata exhibiting the most favorable MIC, MBC, and inhibition halo in prior tests. Biofilm samples were harvested from the root canals to quantify colony-forming units (CFU). Moreover, the extracts were analyzed for their total flavonoid, phenol, polyphenol, and tannin contents. AQESC lacked MIC and MBC values, whereas the other extracts demonstrated MIC and MBC values within the range of 12.5 to 50µg/mL. AQESC, MESC, CESC, and HESC did not produce an inhibition halo at a concentration of 800mg/mL. Conversely, EESC and AESC at this concentration exhibited bactericidal activity, with no statistically significant difference between them, when compared to 2.5% NaOCl. EESC at 800mg/mL displayed the most superior antibacterial properties; consequently, this concentration was utilized in the ex vivo model. The analysis of CFU/mL revealed a significant reduction in the EESC group compared to 2.5% NaOCl (P < 0.0001). The extracts are abundant in flavonoids, phenols, polyphenols, and tannins, which may account for the observed results. The extracts of Spathodea campanulata exhibit bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties at low concentrations, with the exception of AQESC. The inhibition halo against Enterococcus faecalis at 800mg/mL of EESC and AESC is comparable to that produced by 2.5% NaOCl. Moreover, endodontic irrigation using 800mg/mL of EESC significantly decreases the CFU of Enterococcus faecalis compared to 2.5% NaOCl.

Abstract Moringa stenopetala is widely consumed as a nutritious food source and has long been utilized in traditional medicine for the management of various ailments. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the phytochemical composition and biological activities of M. stenopetala leaves using different solvent extracts. Antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP assays), antimicrobial activity, phytochemical quantification, vitamin analysis, phenolic and flavonoid profiling using HPLC, and volatile compound identification using GC–MS were performed. Antioxidant capacity revealed marked solvent-dependent variations. The methanolic extract exhibited the strongest radical-scavenging activity in ABTS, achieving an IC₅₀ of 15.85 µg/mL, approaching the potency of ascorbic acid. Ethanol and water extracts also displayed notable activity, whereas non-polar fractions showed considerably weak effects. Similar trends were observed in the FRAP assay, where methanol again demonstrated the highest reducing power (IC₅₀ = 39.08 µg/mL), followed by ethanol and water, indicating that antioxidant activity is largely associated with polar phytoconstituents. Antimicrobial screening using the agar diffusion method showed selective inhibition patterns among the tested microorganisms. Ethanolic extract produced the strongest antibacterial activity, particularly against Bacillus subtilis , comparable to the standard gentamycin. Moderate activity was also observed with acetone, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions against Staphylococcus aureus . Conversely, all extracts failed to inhibit Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris , Aspergillus niger , and Candida albicans , suggesting that the antimicrobial constituents of M. stenopetala are more effectual against Gram-positive rather than Gram-negative or fungal pathogens. Phytochemical quantification of the methanolic extract demonstrated a rich profile of secondary metabolites, including considerable levels of alkaloids (53.56 mg/g) and phenolics (38.23 mg/g). HPLC profiling further confirmed the dominance of several potent phenolic and flavonoid compounds, with gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, and rutin representing the major peaks. These compounds are well—known for strong antioxidant and therapeutic properties, supporting the high radical-scavenging performance observed. The vitamin composition analysis identified both water- and fat-soluble micronutrients. Riboflavin (B₂) and α-tocopherol were detected at relatively high concentrations, indicating additional nutritional and antioxidant contributions. GC–MS analysis of volatile constituents revealed six major components, with 13-docosenamide (Z) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid derivatives as dominant peaks. These volatiles are known for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and bioactive properties, further enriching the biochemical profile of the extract. These results indicate that the leaves of M. stenopetala are a promising source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Plants are rich and valuable sources of phytochemical constituents that can contribute to a variety of biological activities. The research in discovering novel antimicrobial compounds from plants has been of increased interest due to the global rise of antibiotic resistance. The present study aims to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial, antibiotic synergistic potential and the chemical profile of plant extracts associated with Cleistanthus bracteosus Jabl. found in Malaysian rainforests for the first time. The antibacterial activity and synergistic antibacterial activity of chloroform, methanol and n-hexane crude extracts of C. bracteosus were determined against bacterial pathogens of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, B. cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Acinetobacter baumannii. The chloroform extracts were subjected to fractionation, chemical profiling, and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM) analysis. The chloroform stem extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity which indicated a mean inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 10 ± 0.26mm against the Gram-positive bacterium B. cereus. The best synergistic activity was shown for chloroform wood extract when combined with ampicillin against A. baumannii, with a growth inhibitory index (GIIs) of 1.33. Potassium clavulanate actively synergised with chloroform stem extract against E. coli ATCC 10536 (IZD = 27 ± 0.56mm) and chloroform bark extract against S. typhi (IZD = 28 ± 0.54mm). C. bracteosus extracts showed the presence of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, saponins and traces of terpenoids, with chloroform extracts of bark, stem and wood consisting of 20 bioactive phytochemical compounds according to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). Further analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) implied the presence of digoxigenin and lauric acid. The FE-SEM observations further elucidated the effects of C. bracteosus chloroform extracts on the morphology of susceptible organisms. The findings of this investigation justify that chloroform extracts of C. bracteosus can function as a novel antibacterial agent with synergistic potential.

To isolate and identify phenolic acid constituents from methanol extract of Inula japonica Thunb. and evaluate their lipid-lowering activity in vitro. The methanol extract of Inula japonica Thunb. was purified using silica gel, ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC. The compound structures were determined using physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses, and their hypolipidemic activities were assessed in an AML12 cell model of free fatty acids (FFA)-induced lipid deposition. The active compounds were further assessed for their effects on lipid deposition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of the cell model. A total of 11 phenolic acid compounds were isolated from Inula japonica Thunb., namely dihydrocaffeic acid (1), protocatechualdehyde (2), chlorogenic acid (3), cryptochlorogenic acid (4), 1,3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (5), 2,3-dicarboxy-6,7-hydroxy-l-(3',4'-dihydroxy)-phenyl -1,2-dihydronaphthalene-10-methyl ester (6), caffeic acid (7), protocatechuic acid (8), 3-carboxy-6,7-dihydroxy-1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-naphthalene (9), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10), and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (11). Among them, compounds 1 and 9 were isolated for the first time from the genus Inula, and compound 6 was isolated for the first time from this plant. Compounds 6 and 9 showed lipid-lowering effects in FFA-induced AML12 cells, significantly lowered cellular levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, reduced lipid accumulation, and alleviated oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Inula japonica Thunb. contains diverse phenolic acids, and among them compounds 6 and 9 show hypolipidemic activities via inhibiting lipid accumulation and improving oxidative stress and mitochondrial function and can potentially serve as lead compounds for treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.