Preparation of S, N codoped lignin composite iron phthalocyanine as an efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalyst by one-pot method and application to high-performance lignin fuel cells.

Methanol poisoning is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to its metabolism to toxic formic acid. Laboratory findings, particularly albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) and lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR), can lead critical in assessing the severity of toxicity. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of ACAG, lactate-to-albumin ratio and other laboratory markers in methanol poisoning and to assess the impact of admission time on patient outcome. A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary emergency department. Patients aged ≥18 years presenting with suspected methanol poisoning between January 2020 and December 2023 were included. Diagnosis was based on the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (AACT) treatment criteria combined with metabolic acidosis and a suggestive history. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between good outcome (CPC = 1) and poor outcome (CPC ≥ 2, including deaths) groups. Forty-two patients were included. The mean age was 43.45 years and 95.2% were male. The mortality rate was 35.7%. Among patients with poor outcome (n = 17), 15 died and 2 survived with severe neurological sequelae. Patients with poor outcomes had significantly lower pH and bicarbonate levels and higher AG, ACAG, lactate, and creatinine levels (p < 0.001). ACAG ≥25.6 and LAR ≥ 1.24 were the strongest prognostic markers for poor prognosis. Hypotension and osmolar gap differences were noted but were evaluated only as supportive indicators of severity. ACAG and LAR can lead useful prognostic markers in methanol poisoning. Patients with ACAG ≥25.6 or LAR ≥ 1.24 should be closely monitored and considered for early intensive management.

BackgroundMethanol poisoning is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to its metabolism to toxic formic acid. Laboratory findings, particularly albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) and lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR), can lead critical in assessing the severity of toxicity. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of ACAG, lactate-to-albumin ratio and other laboratory markers in methanol poisoning and to assess the impact of admission time on patient outcome.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary emergency department. Patients aged ≥18 years presenting with suspected methanol poisoning between January 2020 and December 2023 were included. Diagnosis was based on the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (AACT) treatment criteria combined with metabolic acidosis and a suggestive history. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between good outcome (CPC = 1) and poor outcome (CPC ≥ 2, including deaths) groups.ResultsForty-two patients were included. The mean age was 43.45 years and 95.2% were male. The mortality rate was 35.7%. Among patients with poor outcome (n = 17), 15 died and 2 survived with severe neurological sequelae. Patients with poor outcomes had significantly lower pH and bicarbonate levels and higher AG, ACAG, lactate, and creatinine levels (p < 0.001). ACAG ≥25.6 and LAR ≥ 1.24 were the strongest prognostic markers for poor prognosis. Hypotension and osmolar gap differences were noted but were evaluated only as supportive indicators of severity.ConclusionACAG and LAR can lead useful prognostic markers in methanol poisoning. Patients with ACAG ≥25.6 or LAR ≥ 1.24 should be closely monitored and considered for early intensive management.

Methanol poisoning is a severe medical emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. Methanol poisoning leads to metabolic acidosis, visual disturbances, and central nervous system complications. Early diagnosis and timely treatment, including hemodialysis, are critical in improving outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory predictors of mortality and the need for hemodialysis in methanol poisoning patients. It also sought to establish cutoff values for critical parameters that influence clinical decisions. A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on patients over 18 years of age with suspected methanol poisoning between 2010 and 2022. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. Predictive parameters for mortality and hemodialysis were identified using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Sixty-four patients were included, with a mean age of 47.7 years and 92.2% being male. Mortality occurred in 29.7% of patients. ROC analysis identified a serum pH cutoff of ≤7.08 for mortality prediction (AUC: 0.894, P<0.001) and ≤7.315 for predicting the need for hemodialysis (AUC: 0.891, P<0.001). Serum bicarbonate levels were significant predictors, with a cutoff of ≤8.45 for mortality (AUC: 0.820, P<0.001) and ≤15.55 for hemodialysis (AUC: 0.883, P<0.001). Elevated lactate levels (cutoff ≥3.67 mmol/L) and an anion gap ≥27.25 were also strong predictors of mortality. Early recognition of critical parameters such as serum pH, sodium bicarbonate, lactate, and anion gap are essential in managing methanol poisoning.

Methanol (MeOH) is a volatile and flammable liquid commonly used in the construction, automotive, and pharmaceutical industries. It has systemic and ocular toxicity, and most patients with methanol poisoning have severe metabolic acidosis. Occupational inhalation can cause toxic optic neuropathy and bilateral optic atrophy. In this study, we investigated whether the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha/sirtuin-3 (AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3) pathway is involved in the methanol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. A series of behavioral, histological, and pathological assessments was performed. Methanol exposure slowed down the weight growth rate of rats and prolonged escape latencies. In addition, methanol exposure decreased the number of upright times and horizontal movements, damaged cortical neurons, and caused oxidative stress injury. These alterations coincided with neurobehavioral impairments, indicating that methanol exposure may cause oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction by down-regulating the expression levels of the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway proteins. Treatment with ZLN005, a PGC-1α activator, partially alleviated methanol-induced neurobehavioral deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction, likely via the modulation of the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway, which may be a novel target for therapeutics aimed to alleviate the effects of environmental neurotoxicants.

Methanol (CH3OH) is one of the toxic alcohols that has high morbidity and mortality. It causes lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Antioxidants and neuroprotective agents could have therapeutic roles in case of methanol exposure. The aim of this research was to assess the therapeutic impact of royal jelly (RJ) versus Nigella sativa oil (NS) on brain areas affected by acute methanol poisoning in rats. This research was performed on 60 adult male albino rats that were randomly assigned to four groups: the negative control group (I), the positive control group (II), the methanol-intoxicated group (III), and the methanol and adjuvant treatment treated group (IV) which were categorized into two subgroups: the methanol and RJ treated group (IV a) and the methanol and NS treated group (IV b). After two weeks, the blood samples were obtained to determine the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The frontal cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus were excised and subjected to histopathological and transmission electron microscopic examination. Acute methanol poisoning induced oxidative stress, indicated by a significant reduction of TAC and marked degenerative changes in nerve cells and nerve fibers. Moreover, the administration of RJ and NS six hours after induction of acute methanol poisoning showed an increase in TAC compared to group III and a non-significant reduction compared to group II, with marked improvement and restoration of the normal brain architecture. Therefore, RJ and NS are effective in reducing the oxidative stress induced by acute methanol poisoning.

Introduction Methanol is ubiquitous, and early intoxication mimics other conditions. The prevalence of occult methanol intoxication is unknown. The goal of this study is to determine the frequency of unexpectedly positive methanol concentrations in patients at an urban safety net hospital with real-time testing capabilities, and to evaluate the clinical significance of these findings. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with detectable methanol concentrations presenting to an emergency department from 2015 to 2022. Dual column, dual flame ionization detection utilizing headspace sampling with gas chromatography is available 24 h/day. Ethanol and methanol concentrations result in tandem when either test is performed. For safety reasons, a positive methanol result triggers a reflex order to report the information in the electronic medical record. We reported descriptive statistics for cases of detectable methanol concentrations and compared expected and unexpected positive concentrations. Results Orders for 20,666 ethanol and 1,868 methanol concentrations were identified; methanol results were positive in 101 (6%) cases. Twenty-eight represented repeated testing during one patient’s hospitalization. The median methanol concentration among the remaining 73 patients (30.1% female) was 60 mg/L (IQR: 50–70 mg/L; range 50–5,000 mg/L). There were 26 expected (median methanol concentration 80 mg/L [IQR: 60–290 mg/L]) and 47 unexpected (median methanol concentration 50 mg/L [IQR: 50–60 mg/L]) positive methanol assays during the study period (Mann–Whitney U-test, P <0.001). No patients with incidentally positive methanol required directed therapies. Discussion Unexpectedly positive methanol concentrations in this study population were uncommon and without clinical significance, in that none required specific treatments or directed therapies. Conclusions Our data suggest that history and clinical suspicion are likely sufficient to detect clinically important methanol exposures. Occult methanol exposures of clinical significance appear unlikely when clinical suspicion is low.

Treatment of methanol toxicity through ethanol and folinic acid: A mathematical study.

Rising deaths from methanol poisoning leads UK to add eight countries to warning list.

Severe Methanol Intoxication: A Case Report on Clinical Management and Recovery

Rationale:Methanol poisoning is a rare but potentially fatal condition characterized by metabolic acidosis, neurological dysfunction, and visual impairment. Acute myocardial infarction caused by coronary artery spasm as a complication of methanol poisoning is extremely rare and has seldom been reported in the literature.Patient concerns:A 46-year-old male presented to the emergency department with acute chest pain, dyspnea, dizziness, and blurred vision lasting for 4 hours. He had no prior history of cardiovascular diseases but reported potential occupational exposure to methanol vapors during pyrotechnic bright bead production 2 days prior to symptom onset.Diagnoses:The patient demonstrated ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads on the electrocardiogram, accompanied by elevated cardiac biomarkers, indicative of an acute myocardial infarction. Furthermore, the patient presented with severe metabolic acidosis and visual disturbances, with a blood methanol concentration of 823 μg/mL, confirming a diagnosis of methanol poisoning.Interventions:Coronary angiography identified a total occlusion in the mid-segment of the right coronary artery, which was effectively managed through balloon angioplasty and the administration of intracoronary nitroglycerin. Continuous renal replacement therapy was commenced to rectify metabolic acidosis and facilitate the removal of methanol and its toxic metabolites. Fomepizole was not used due to regional unavailability and ethanol was not administrated due to its cardiovascular risks. To address visual impairment, neuroprotective agents were administered in conjunction with glucocorticoids.Outcomes:Subsequent to the interventions, the patient’s chest pain and dyspnea were promptly alleviated, while the diminished visual acuity showed gradual improvement. The patient was discharged on the 12th day post-admission and exhibited continued recovery of visual function at the 1-month follow-up.Lessons:This case underscores the critical importance of recognizing the potential cardiovascular complications of methanol poisoning. Severe metabolic acidosis induced by methanol intoxication may serve as an important contributing factor for coronary artery spasm. Timely recognition of clinical symptoms and comprehensive multidisciplinary management strategies are vital to improving patient outcomes.

Methanol poisoning: a diffuse health disaster.

Methanol toxicity is a rare but potentially fatal condition, often associated with accidental or intentional ingestion of adulterated alcohol. Complications include high anion gap metabolic acidosis, visual disturbances, central nervous system involvement, and multi-organ dysfunction. Rhabdomyolysis, though less commonly reported, can be a serious sequel leading to Acute Renal Failure (ARF) and significant morbidity. We report the case of a 40-year-old male with chronic alcohol use who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with bilateral lower limb weakness, pain, dark urine, abdominal discomfort, and visual blurring. He was in shock, with severe lactic acidosis (pH &lt;6.8, lactate &gt;15 mmol/L, a non-recordable bicarbonate (HCO3 ) level, and high anion gap of 40) and required immediate Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stabilisation. Laboratory investigations were deranged, including Creatine Kinase (CK) 39,000 IU/L, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) 1738 IU/L, acute kidney injury, dyselectrolytaemia including refractory hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, deranged liver enzymes, and an osmolar gap of 72, suggestive of toxic alcohol ingestioninduced rhabdomyolysis and visual loss. Further history revealed binge consumption of locally brewed alcohol (“tadi”), raising strong suspicion of methanol poisoning. Oral ethanol therapy was initiated, followed by multiple sessions of haemodialysis due to persistent acidosis, renal failure, and electrolyte imbalance. The patient showed gradual clinical improvement and was discharged with near-complete recovery. Methanol toxicity-induced rhabdomyolysis is a medical emergency that demands prompt recognition and intervention. This case underscores the importance of clinical vigilance and early empiric treatment in patients with suggestive history and biochemical findings, even before confirmatory tests are available. Timely haemodialysis and supportive care can significantly improve patient outcomes.

Objective: Methanol poisoning remains a major cause of toxicological mortality due to the diagnostic challenges and delayed presentation. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological profile, clinical features, laboratory parameters and outcomes of patients presenting to the emergency department with methanol intoxication. Methods: This retrospective study included patients admitted to our emergency department between January 1, 2017, and January 1, 2021, with a clinical diagnosis of methanol poisoning. Inclusion criteria were: suspected methanol ingestion, supportive history and physical findings, and high anion gap metabolic acidosis (pH &lt; 7.3, HCO₃ &lt; 20 mEq/L, anion gap &gt; 20 mEq/L). Demographic data, presenting symptoms, laboratory values, and outcomes were compared between survivor and non-survivor groups. Results: Among 41 patients, 87.8% were male with a mean age of 52.2 ± 10.8 years. In-hospital mortality was 41.5%. Altered mental status at presentation was significantly more frequent in non-survivors (64.7%) than survivors (25.0%, p = 0.011). Mortality among patients with altered consciousness reached 69.2%. Survivors presented more often with visual complaints (54.2% vs. 23.5%), though the difference was not statistically significant(0.101). Non-survivors had lower mean pulse rates (84.5 ± 23.2 vs. 106.0 ± 26.6 bpm, p = 0.004), and more severe metabolic acidosis (mean pH 6.86 ± 0.23, HCO₃ 6.66 ± 3.57, base deficit −23.77 ± 5.23). ROC analysis confirmed strong associations between mortality and low pH, bicarbonate, and base deficit levels, as well as elevated lactate, glucose, and anion gap values. Conclusion: Methanol poisoning diagnosis is primarily clinical, and early detection is vital to reduce morbidity and mortality. The severity of metabolic acidosis and altered mental status at admission are key indicators of poor prognosis.

Methyl alcohol is a substance often associated with toxic effects and fatalities due to its use in the production of counterfeit alcohol. The primary mechanism of poisoning occurs when it is metabolized in the body by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, resulting in the formation of formic acid. This formic acid can lead to metabolic acidosis, loss of vision, and neurological damage because of its strong toxic effects. Symptoms of poisoning may include vomiting, headache, cyanosis, and "blizzard vision." In such cases, the typical cause of death is acidosis, and the formation of formic acid can be mitigated by using ethyl alcohol as treatment. In forensic autopsies, the cause of death resulting from methanol poisoning, the method of ingestion, and the quantity consumed are determined through toxicological analysis. This study presents four cases of death due to methanol poisoning from the Artvin Forensic Medicine Branch Directorate and emphasizes the need to raise awareness, develop effective public health policies, and implement comprehensive measures to protect public health.

ABSTRACT Methanol-induced optic neuropathy (MON) is a serious and potentially blinding condition with significant public health concerns. Despite advancements in treatment, predicting long-term visual outcomes of MON remain challenging. The current study aimed to assess the potential association between arterial blood gas parameters and long-term changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in survivors of acute methanol poisoning. This prospective study was conducted on patients hospitalized with diagnosis of acute methanol poisoning at Ali Asghar Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, between 27 June 2020 and 12 August 2021 in COVID-19 era. The treatment included acid-base correction, hemodialysis, ethanol administration, erythropoietin, corticosteroids, and vitamin supplementation. Clinical and laboratory as well as comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations and high-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at admission and after a 12-month follow-up to evaluate RNFL thickness and visual acuity (VA) alternations. A total of 61 patients (mean age: 30.08 ± 5.20 years; 91.8% male) with methanol poisoning were included in the study. Optic disc swelling was noted in 29 patients (47.54%), while 32 (52.46%) had normal optic discs. Most patients presented on Day 2 (34.43%) and Day 1 (32.79%) post-poisoning. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed a median pH of 7.0 (IQR: 6.85–7.28), bicarbonate levels of 17.0 mmol/L (IQR: 13.0–23.0), and an anion gap of 12.0 mmol/L (IQR: 9.0–15.0). Initially, 67.2% of patients had a VA ≥ 5/10, increasing to 87.7% after one year, with none of the patients having VA worse than 1/10 at follow-up. The VA improvement was observed during the follow-up in both eyes (p < .001). Also, significant RNFL thinning was observed across superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal quadrants (p < .001). Lower arterial pH, decreased bicarbonate levels, and higher anion gap were significantly associated with RNFL thinning and worse visual outcomes (p < .001). This study revealed the crucial role of arterial pH, bicarbonate levels, and anion gap in predicting long-term visual impairment in patients with MON. Early erythropoietin and corticosteroids therapy showed promising neuroprotective effects, supporting their use in improving visual outcomes. OCT remains an essential tool for monitoring optic nerve damages in patients with MON.

Background/aimAcute methanol poisoning (MP) poses a significant public health challenge, with inflammation increasingly recognized as a key factor in its pathophysiology. Identifying accessible and reliable prognostic biomarkers could help enhance clinical outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), measured upon emergency department admission, in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with acute MP.Material and methodsThis retrospective study included patients diagnosed with acute MP at two tertiary care centers in Ankara, Türkiye: University of Health Sciences Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital (1 January 2015 to 1 October 2022) and Etlik City Hospital (1 October 2022 to 11 March 2025). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, along with treatment details and outcomes (discharge or inhospital death), were systematically recorded.ResultsA total of 76 patients were included, of whom 92.1% were male, with a mean age of 49.0 ± 12.4 years. During hospitalization, 48.6% (n = 37) died. Both SII and PIV values at admission were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (p < 0.001 for SII; p = 0.031 for PIV). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, higher SII (HR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.05–5.67; p = 0.034) and PIV (HR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.05–4.13; p = 0.030) were independently associated with increased risk of mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed an AUC of 0.750 (95% CI: 0.649–0.865) for SII, with an optimal cutoff of 665.6 (sensitivity: 50%; specificity: 46%), and an AUC of 0.640 (95% CI: 0.519–0.769) for PIV, with an optimal cutoff of 512.5 (sensitivity: 53%; specificity: 47%).ConclusionSII and PIV measured at hospital admission may have potential prognostic value in predicting inhospital mortality in patients with acute MP.

The Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate on Tissues in Methanol Poisoning

Introduction Methanol poisoning, a serious healthcare problem in resource-poor countries, is usually caused by unintentional ingestion. Early diagnosis and optimal treatment are crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality. Methods We report our experience with hemodialysis in patients with methanol poisoning from consumption of adulterated alcoholic beverages. Results Of 202 patients admitted to provincial and regional hospitals with methanol poisoning, the overall mortality rate was 5%. A total of 22 patients underwent hemodialysis, none of whom died. Most were male (86.4%), with a median [IQR] age of 32 years [22–39 years]. Patients typically presented with inebriation, vomiting, blurred vision, and/or decreased visual acuity. The median [IQR] bicarbonate concentration was 10 mmol/L [8.3–19.6 mmol/L] and the median [IQR] arterial pH was 7.1 [6.9–7.13]. Methanol blood concentrations ranged from 40–1,830 mg/L before hemodialysis. Nineteen patients made a full recovery, but permanent blindness developed in three. Blood methanol concentrations were significantly higher in patients with permanent blindness (P = 0.02). Discussion The optimal treatment of patients with methanol poisoning requires early recognition and initiation of effective therapy. Fomepizole is a safe and preferred antidote but is costly and currently unavailable in Morocco. We opted for oral ethanol therapy in combination with hemodialysis. Oral ethanol was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were observed. Conclusion Despite the severity of the methanol poisoning cases received in our department, no fatalities were recorded. We believe that the implementation of a standardized clinical protocol issued by health authorities, timely initiation of hemodialysis, and the use of oral ethanol contributed to good patient outcomes.

ABSTRACTMethanol, a sustainable and abundant one‐carbon (C1) feedstock, has emerged as a promising raw material for green biomanufacturing, offering a pathway to carbon neutrality. Natural methylotrophic yeasts such as Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella phaffii) and Ogataea polymorpha are increasingly recognized as attractive hosts due to their high methanol utilization rates and established roles in industrial protein and chemical production. However, their large‐scale application faces critical challenges, such as low methanol assimilation efficiency, carbon loss, and methanol toxicity. This review highlights recent progress in the engineering of natural methanol cell factories, with a focus on strategies to overcome these bottlenecks. Topics include engineering the methanol assimilation and dissimilation pathways, adaptive laboratory evolution, metabolic compartmentalization, and C1/Cn cosubstrate utilization. By addressing these challenges and exploring innovative approaches, natural methylotrophic yeasts can be further developed as efficient platforms for methanol‐based biomanufacturing, thus accelerating progress toward sustainable and carbon‐neutral industrial processes.