Methanol Extract Of Rhizomes Research Articles

Evaluation of in-vivo antiarthritic potential of methanolic extract of Costus speciosus rhizome

Acute Toxicity and Suppressive Effects of a Curcumin Analogue Gamavuton-0 (Gvt-0) On CFA-Induced Arthritis in ratsZullies Ikawati, Nunung Yuniarti, Supardjan Amir Margono

Evaluation of anthraquinones from Himalayan rhubarb (Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meissn.) as antiproliferative agents

Rheum emodi (Polygonaceae), a multipurpose medicinal herb is a rich repository of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites known as anthraquinones. The present study entails HPLC quantitation and in vitro activity of four major constituents and the extracts of R. emodi. The anthraquinone glycosides were more abundant than their aglycone constituents viz. emodin and chrysophanol. MTT assay was used to assess the in vitro antiproliferative activity of anthraquinones and extracts on four cancer cell lines namely MIAPaCa-2, HCT-116, MCF-7 and T47D. The cytotoxicity was more obvious on MIAPaCa-2. Further, the study of mechanism of action involving cell cycle analysis and determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss was also investigated. The extracts significantly reduced cell viability by inducing apoptosis/necrosis and cell cycle arrest with concurrent loss of MMP (∆ψm) in a concentration dependent manner. The methanolic extract of rhizome (SPL5) with the least IC50 value (25μg/ml) showed a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic/necrotic cells (42.3% at 100μg/ml) compared to that of vehicle treated cells (11.6%). These cellular manifestations corresponded remarkably with a decrease in the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. In conclusion, SPL5 with emodin and chrysophanol as the preponderant constituents exhibited considerable antiproliferative activity possibly by reducing cell viability and stirring up ∆ψm loss.

Effect of rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides on Thioacetamide induced hepatotoxicity

The hepatoprotective activity of methanolic rhizome extract of Curculigo orchioides (MECO) were evaluated against Thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage in rats. The MECO at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg were administered orally once daily for 21 days and simultaneously administered TAA 100 mg/kg b.w. s.c. 1 h after the respective assigned treatments every 72 h. Serum enzymatic levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were estimated along with estimation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver tissues.

Antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activities of rhizomes of Polygonatum verticillatum maneuvered predominately through activation of K+ channels

Polygonatum verticillatum has traditionally been used for various purposes. The present study was aimed to validate the antispasmodic and antidiarrheal properties of crude methanolic extract of rhizomes of P. verticillatum (PR). Isolated rabbit jejunum preparations were suspended in tissue baths to measure the isotonic responses using Power Lab data acquisition system for the antispasmodic activity of PR, while the antidiarrheal activity was conducted in vivo in mice. PR caused complete relaxation of the spontaneous contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum preparations in a dose-dependent mode. A complete inhibition was observed against low potassium (K(+); 25 mM)-induced contractions, while the plant extract partially inhibited the high K(+)(80 mM)-induced contractions. From a mechanistic point of view, the spasmolytic effect of PR against low K(+)was antagonized by glibenclamide similar to the effect of cromakalim, thus showing the presence of constituents in PR mediating spasmolytic activity predominantly through the activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K(+)channels. When tested against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, oral administration of the plant extract manifested marked antidiarrheal activity at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg similar to loperamide. This study provided a pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of PR in abdominal colic and diarrhea.

Evaluation of the Methanolic Rhizome Extract of Anchomanes difformis for Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities

Objectives: To evaluate rhizomes extract of Anchomanes difformis (extract) for analgesic, antipyretic and local anesthetic activities. Methods: Extract was prepared by cold maceration in 70% methanol. Oral acute toxicity was evaluated and LC50 determined. Extract at 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg was tested against Sodium pentobarbital (SPB)-induced narcosis, acetic acid (AC)–induced abdominal constrictions, formalin-induced paw-licking (FIPL) and brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia. Local anesthetic effect tested using twitch response test in guinea pig at 0.33, 0.66 and 1% extract. Results: Mice tolerated extract up to 4000 mg/kg. LC50 was 589.13 ppm. Induction and sleeping times of SPB were significantly (p<0.05) decreased at 500 and 1000 mg/kg and 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively compared with SPB. Abdominal constriction significantly (p<0.05) decreased at 500 mg/kg compared with negative control. There was significant (p<0.05) decrease in paw licking in both 1st and 2nd phases of FIPL at 250 and 500 mg/kg and 500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively compared with negative control. Rectal temperature significantly (p<0.05) decreased at 1000 mg/kg 1 h post-administration compared with aspirin (100 mg/kg) and at 2 – 4 h compared with negative control. Local anesthetic effect was concentration-dependent. Conclusion: The extract showed promising analgesic, antipyretic and local anesthetic effects.

Investigating the pharmacological potential of Iris kashmiriana in limiting growth of epithelial tumors

BackgroundIris kashmiriana, a medicinal plant growing under Kashmir conditions, has been found very useful for pulmonary asthma, cancer, inflammation, liver and uterine diseases in traditional medicine. The medicinal importance of the plant prompted isolation of a variety of pharmacologically active compounds including quinones, triterpenoids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and stilbene glycosides. ObjectiveTo evaluate the antiproliferative and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of rhizomes of I. kashmiriana. Material & methodsThe effect of I. kashmiriana was evaluated against human epithelial cancer cell lines A549 and Caco-2 for their possible effect on cell proliferation. Free radical scavenging activity was tested by DPPH assay against known antioxidant Vitamin C. The extract was also analyzed for active components by RP-HPLC. ResultsThe extract showed potent cytotoxic effect on both epithelial cell lines at all the tested concentrations with significant effect at 400 μg/ml (IC50 (A549) = 128.7 μg/ml; IC50 (Caco-2) = 237.76 μg/ml) as evaluated by MTT assay. The effect was, however, less pronounced on mouse fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 (IC50 (NIH-3T3) = 1182.92 μg/ml), indicative of possible cell specific activity against epithelial cancers. Furthermore the free radical scavenging activity as verified by DPPH assay revealed that the methanolic extract of I. kashmiriana has strong antioxidant potential. HPLC analysis showed respectable amount of Irigenin and Tectorigenin present in the extract. ConclusionThe results demonstrate pharmaceutical potential of I. kashmiriana for treatment of epithelial cancers and other inflammatory diseases.

Antipyretic and Anticonvulsant Activity of Polygonatum verticillatum: Comparison of Rhizomes and Aerial Parts

The current study was undertaken to explore the antipyretic and anticonvulsant profile of the Polygonatum verticillatum in established pharmacological paradigms. The crude methanol extract of rhizomes (PR) and aerial parts (PA) of the plant were tested in Brewer's-yeast-induced pyrexia and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion test. PR and PA both evoked prominent antipyretic activity (p < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner during all assessment times at the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The protection elicited by PR (82.20%) at 200 mg/kg was comparable with aspirin (88.48%) as a standard drug at 100 mg/kg. However, PA was less potent, and maximum protection was 64% at 200 mg/kg. Both PR and PA were devoid of any anticonvulsant activity. Our results demonstrated prominent evidence of antipyretic activity of P. verticillatum that is consistent with the folk uses of the plant. In addition from a biodiversity point of view, PA of the plant can also be used as an alternate of PR.

The content of phenolic compounds in underground and aerial parts of different Mentha species

The content of phenolic compounds in underground and aerial parts of different Mentha speciesMentha L., the genus belonging to family Lamiaceae, subfamily Nepetoidae, has high commercial importance in the pharmacy as well as in food industry. Mints are available in all five continents and are important sources of each traditional medicine in the prevention and therapy of plenty of diseases. The most active compounds are essential oil and polyphenols. In the past the secondary metabolites in aerial parts were examined, but there is no evidence about the determination of secondary metabolites in underground parts of mints. Therefore the object of this work was to determine the content of phenolic compounds (total hydroxycinnamic derivatives (THD) and flavonoids) of methanol extracts of rhizomes of different Mentha L. and their comparison with leaves extracts. The contents of secondary metabolites were determined using spectrophotometric methods of Slovak Pharmacopoeia. We have detected similar quantities of THD in leaves (0.79 - 2.48 %) and rhizomes (0.96 - 2.18 %), but underground parts were poor in content of flavonoids (&lt; 0.1 %). The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH free radical was investigated as well. A bit stronger antioxidant activity was shown in leaves extracts considering flavonoids content.

향류분배 크로마토그라피법에 의한 황련(Coptis chinensis) 뿌리로 부터 Berberine의 분리

SUMMARY Coptis chinensis Franch rhizome is one of the important traditional Korea medicines with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-hypertensive and anti-cancer properties. The methanol extract of rhizome from the Coptis chinensis rhizome was purified by using preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and HPLC method. The optimum two-phase CPC solvent system was composed of n-butanol:acetic acid:water at a ratio of 4:1:5. Berberine (16.8 ㎎) was successfully isolated by CPC and HPLC. The chemical structure of the compound was identified by (1 H) 1 H, 13 C-NMR and ESI-MS spectral data analysis. REFERENCES Chen J, Wang F, Liu J, Lee FSC, Wang X, Yang H. 2008. Analysis of alkaloids in Coptis chinesis Franch by accelerated solvent extraction combined with ultra performance liquid chromato-graphic analysis with photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry detections. Analytica Chimica Acta 613:184-195Cheong JH, Kim CY, Kim JW. 2007. Preparative isolation and purification of sinomenine from Sinomenium acutum by cen-trifugal partition chromatography. J Sep Sci 30:2105-2108Deevanhxay P, Suzuki M, Maeshibu N, Li H, Tanaka K, Hirose S. 2009. Simultaneous characterization of quaternary alkaloids, 8-oxoprotoberberine alkaloids, and a steroid compound in Coscinium fenistratum by liquid chromatography hybrid ion time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 50: 413-425Kim CY, Ahn MJ, Kim JW. 2006. Preparative isolation of mangi-

Antioxidant Properties of Selected Etlingera and Zingiber Species (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo Island

In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of rhizomes and stems of four Zingiberaceae (Etlingera belalongensis, Etlingera uelutina, Zingiber uinosum and Zingiber pseudopungens) were investigated. Evaluation of antioxidant activity was conducted using l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging (DPPH) assay, 2-2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothioazaline-6-sulphonate radical scavenging (ABTS) assay and Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). The results showed the total phenolic and total flavanoid contents were in the range of 5.3-41.7 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 1.09-5.86 mg catechin equivalent/g of dry sample, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the extracts as assessed by using DPPH and FRAP assays were strongly correlated with all phytochemical tested (p<0.05). As a conclusion, selected tropical gingers found in Sabah investigated in this study can be developed as natural antioxidant agents.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of the rhizomes of Stylochiton lancifolius pyre and Kotchy (Araceae) in rodents

The methanolic extract of the rhizome of Stylochiton lancifolius (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced pain and formalin-induced-inflammation. The methanol extract exhibited significant (P<0.001) inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and a significant (P<0.001) reduction in paw licking time of the second phase of formalin-induced pain in rats. The methanol extract also produced a significant (P<0.001) anti-inflammatory effect in formalin-induced inflammation which is comparable to that of the reference drug Piroxicam (10 mg/kg), which is a standard analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. The intraperitoneal (i.p) median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of the methanol extract of S. lancifolius was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg in mice. The result obtained from this study showed that the methanol extract of S. lancifolius possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and supports the ethnomedical claim of the use of the plant in the management of pain and inflammatory conditions.

Antidepressant–like effects of Acorus calamus in forced swimming and tail suspension test in mice

Objective To evaluate the antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of rhizomes of Acorus calamus ( A. calamus). Methods Tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) in mice were used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of rhizomes of A. calamus. Methanolic extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg i.p.) were administered daily for 7 days. Imipramine 5 mg/kg was used as standard antidepressant agent throughout the study. Results Test extracts of A. calamus decreased immobility periods significantly in a dose dependent manner in both TST and FST. The observed results were also comparable with known standard drug i.e. imipramine. The flavonoid apigenin, which selectively binds with high affinity to the central benzodiazepines receptor, possesses important anxiolytic and antidepressant activities. The review of literature reveals that the A. calamus contains saponin, glycosides, tannin and flavonoid. Conclusions Methanolic extract of A. calamus rhizomes shows antidepressant activity probably through interaction with adrenergic, dopaminergic serotonergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) nergic system. Both the models have been proved to be equally valuable for demonstration of substances with a potential antidepressant activity.

Identification of unprecedented purine-containing compounds, the zingerines, from ginger rhizomes ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) using a phase-trafficking approach

Three unprecedented purine-containing compounds, named [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-zingerines as they are 5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl) analogs of [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-gingerols, respectively, were isolated from a methanolic extract of ginger rhizomes using a phase trafficking-based method that utilizes solid phase reagents allowing for fast and selective simultaneous separation of basic, acidic, and neutral components of natural products extracts.

Median lethal dose, antimalarial activity, phytochemical screening and radical scavenging of methanolic Languas galanga rhizome extract.

The methanolic extract of Languas galanga rhizomes was investigated for antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei (NK65) infections in mice. The median lethal dose was determined to ascertain the safety of the extract in ICR mice of both sexes. The antimalarial activities during early and established infections, as well as the prophylactic activity were evaluated. Phytochemical screening and radical scavenging activity of the extract were also investigated to elucidate the possible mechanism of the antimalarial properties. The acute oral toxicity (LD50) of Languas galanga extract in mice was established to be 4,998 mg/kg. The extract of Languas galanga rhizomes demonstrated significant antiplasmodial activity in all the three models of the antimalarial evaluations. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of some vital antiplasmodial constituents such as terpenoids and flavonoids. The extract also exhibited a moderate capacity to scavenge the free radicals. The rhizome extract of Languas galanga thus possesses antimalarial activity, which explains the rational usage of this plant in traditional Malaysian medicine.

Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Rhizome Extract of Podophyllum Hexandrum Against CCl4-Induced Kidney and Lung Injury in Rats

Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Rhizome Extract of Podophyllum Hexandrum Against CCl4-Induced Kidney and Lung Injury in Rats

RP-thin layer chromatographic method for the quantification of three gingerol homologs of ultrasonic-assisted fresh rhizome extracts of Zingiber officinale collected from North Western Himalayas.

A rapid and sensitive RP high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (RP-HPTLC) methodology was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of gingerols in methanolic extract of fresh ginger rhizome. The samples were chromatographed on RP-TLC glass plates pre-coated with RP-18 60F(254) as the stationary phase. Linear ascending development was carried out in twin trough glass chamber saturated with ternary-solvent system consisting of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (7:2:1 v/v/v) at room temperature (25+/-2 degrees C) and plates were scanned at 500 nm. The system was found to give compact spots for gingerols (R(f) values of 6-gingerol 0.73+/-0.04, 8-gingerol 0.59+/-0.08 and 10-gingerol 0.36+/-0.05). Linearity was found to be in the range of 140-840 ng/spot for 6-gingerol, 168-1008 ng/spot for 8-gingerol and 136-816 ng/spot for 10-gingerol with significantly high value of correlation coefficient. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed linear relationship (r(2)) and ranged from 0.9992 to 0.9937 for 6-, 8- and 10-gingerol. The method was used for routine analyses and to obtain relative amounts of the gingerols in the fresh rhizomes of the ginger cultivated in different locations of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh of North Western Himalayas (India).

Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Antibacterial Activity of Dracocephalum subcapitatum

Dracocephalum subcapitatum, a wild local herb from the North East of Khorasan Province of Iran, was investigated for its essential oil chemical constituents and antibacterial activity. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of dried aerial parts of plant in 1.5 % (w/w) yield. The analysis of oil indicated the presence of 25 components that was 98.4 % of the essential oil constituents. The main components were geranial (63.4 %), limonene (23.4 %), p-Menth-l-en-9-ol (4.4 %) and caryophyllene E (4.3 %), respectively. The oil, together with the crude methanol extract of rhizomes was assayed for antibacterial activity against two strains of Gram-positive and two strains of Gram-negative bacteria by the disc diffusion assay. Results indicates that essential oil was more effective than its crude methanolic extract, as the essential oil exhibited potent activity against S. aureus and E. coli and moderate activity against B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa, but the microbes were not high sensitive against the crude extract.

Diuretic activity of the methanolic extract of rhizomes of &lt;i&gt; Asparagus africanus&lt;/i&gt; in rats

Diuretic activity of the methanolic extract of rhizomes of &lt;i&gt; Asparagus africanus&lt;/i&gt; in rats

Preparative Isolation and Purification of Deoxypodophyllotoxin from the Rhizomes of Anthriscus sylvestris by High-speed Counter-current Chromatography

A simple and rapid purification method of deoxypodophyllotoxin from the crude methanol extract of rhizomes of Anthriscus sylvestris was established using high-speed counter-current chromatography. From the crude extract (288.9 mg), deoxypodophyllotoxin (8.8 mg) was separated using a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (7:3:5:5, v/v). The final purity of the deoxypodophyllotoxin was determined to be over 98% by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-UV analysis.

Structural elucidation of four new furostanol saponins from Tupistra chinensis by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy

Four new furostanol saponins (1-4), two pairs of diastereoisomers, were isolated from methanolic extracts of Tupistra chinensis rhizomes and their structures were assigned from (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra, DEPT, and by 2D COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments.