Metaphorical Meaning Research Articles

MAKNA METAFORIS DALAM PUISI “SAJAK PERTEMUAN MAHASISWA” KARYA W.S. RENDRA MELALUI TINJAUAN SEMANTIK STEPHEN ULLMANN

This research aims to describe the metaphorical meaning contained in the poem titled "Sajak Pertemuan Mahasiswa" as explained by Stephen Ullmann (1962). Ullmann categorizes metaphors into four types: anthropomorphic metaphor, animal metaphor, concrete-to-abstract metaphor, and synesthesia metaphor. The method used in this research is qualitative research. This qualitative research method uses content analysis to focus on studying literary works. Then, the writer uses library techniques to collect references from books and scientific works to support this research. This technique is continued with the use of note technique, namely numeric technique, in every methapor category. As for the presentation of research results, the author uses an informal method, namely the presentation of data in ordinary words, as a medium to convey the contents of this research. By categorizing the metaphorical meanings that have been collected, the writer discovers that the most categories are anthropomorphic metaphors and metaphors from concrete to abstract, whereas no data with related meanings is found in synesthesia metaphors.

The Tension between Experiences of Nothingness and Hope in the Metaphorical Meaning of the Names of the Children (Isaiah 7-8) from a Perspective of Generational Imprinted Trauma and Resilience

The texts of Isaiah 7 and 8 are a paragon of metaphorical meanings and signs, especially as they pertain to the name-giving of Isaiah 's sons: Shear-Jashub, Immanuel, and Maher-shalal-hash-baz. This opens a scope of possibilities for Biblical scholars as hardly any research has been done on the implications and corollaries of the three sign names. The significance of children and the function they have within the Hebrew Bible are investigated to give a better understanding of the prophetic utterance of Isaiah. Furthermore, when a perspective of generational imprinted trauma2 is applied to explore and understand the text, an opportunity arises to assess the text within the parameters of pre-migration and the ensuing traumatic experiences. The metaphorical names give us as biblical scholars a glimpse into the possible outcome of fear and threat that is posed by the Syro-Epohraimite coalition and the Assyrian campaign. Within the three sign-names, the pragmatics of individual and collective trauma, healing, and resilience are also underpinned. As the axes sway between hopelessness (nothingness) and hopefulness, the sign-names of the children provide dualistic solutions of either divine punishment or the restitution of a remaining remnant through complete faith and the knowledge that 'God is with us

КЫРГЫЗ ЖАНА АНГЛИС ТИЛДЕРИНДЕГИ ЗООНИМ КОМПОНЕНТИН КАМТЫГАН ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯЛЫК ЭВФЕМИЗМДЕР

The article is devoted to the study of Phraseological euphemisms with a zoonym component in the Kyrgyz and English languages. The main criteria of phraseological euphemisms are considered: contextual connections, specificity of semantics and structure of language units. The most successful ways of creating phraseological euphemisms with a zoonym component in the Kyrgyz and English languages are noted. Zoonym components in the Kyrgyz and English languages are distinguished by a special mental natural association that unites people with the animal world, which is based on a deep connection between the evaluation of semantics and biological signs of animals. The animals in the phraseological euphemisms is its semantic center, and it is in it where lies the basic metaphorical meaning that gives the meaning to the whole expression. The Kyrgyz and English phraseological euphemisms with the zoonym component fund are rich and diverse. Kyrgyz language has a large number of bright expressions throughout its history, its phraseology being its treasury. Phraseological units reflect the history and culture of a nation, the mode of life and consciousness. These units represent a significant, widely used layer of vocabulary, among which phraseological units containing animal names are of particular interest.

Neural dynamics underlying the processing of implicit form-meaning connections: The dissociative roles of theta and alpha oscillations

Implicit learning plays an important role in the language acquisition. In addition to helping people acquire the form-level rules (e.g., the word order regularities), implicit learning can also facilitate the acquisition of word meanings (i.e., the establishment of connections between the word form and its meanings). Although some behavioral studies have explored the processing of implicit form-meaning connections, the neural dynamics underlying this processing remains unclear. Through examining whether participants could implicitly acquire the literal and metaphorical meanings of novel words, and applying the time-frequency analysis on the electroencephalogram (EEG) data collected in the testing phase, the neural oscillations corresponding to the processing of implicit form-literal and form-metaphorical meaning connections were explored. The results showed that participants in the experimental group could implicitly acquire the form-literal and form-metaphorical meaning connections after training, while participants in the control group who were not trained did not have access to such form-meaning connections. Meanwhile, during the processing of form-literal meaning connections, the greater suppression of alpha oscillations was induced by the testing items that follow the same rules as the training items (i.e., the regular testing items) in the experimental group, whereas the stronger enhancement of theta oscillations was elicited by the regular testing items in the experimental group during the processing of form-metaphorical meaning connections. Our study provides insights for understanding the processing of implicit form-literal and form-metaphorical meaning connections and the neural dynamics underlying the processing.

Transforming freshwater politics through metaphors: Struggles over ecosystem health, legal personhood, and invasive species in Aotearoa New Zealand

AbstractMetaphor, defined as the linguistic substitution of one phenomenon for another, is ubiquitous in environmental science and policy. In science, when used well, metaphors help to make complex and abstract ideas familiar and relatable, while also helping people orient ethically to the natural world. In freshwater science, metaphors structure many aspects of scientific and lay understanding.Yet, while metaphors are often used in environmental science and advocacy, there is a need to join up our currently diffuse understandings about how metaphors can help achieve social transformation for sustainability. Here, we focus on how metaphors are enshrined into institutions, giving them permanence and force as tools for social transformation.We explore three examples of metaphors in environmental science and activism that have ‘gone public’ to shape freshwater politics and governance in Aotearoa New Zealand (henceforth Aotearoa NZ). We focus on the origins, strategic purposes and limitations of the metaphors, the ways they have been institutionalised, and the roles that scientists in particular have played in shaping metaphorical meanings.Metaphors perform diverse political tasks, from mobilising popular support for species removal, to reorienting human obligations to rivers, through to expanding the scope of vision for river management. Scientists play key roles in shaping both regulatory institutions as well as informal norms that affect metaphor implementation. Finally, what makes a ‘good’ metaphor needs to be evaluated in context of who is mobilising the metaphor and what their broader sustainability values and objectives are.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.

ANALISIS METAPHOR PADA RATATOUILLE: PENDEKATAN SEMANTIK

The research title is An Analysis of Metaphor In Ratatouille’s Movie: Semantic Approach. Semantics is generally designed as the study of meaning in semantics there is a figurative language that compares and exaggrate the word and the metaphor is part of figurative language. Metaphor is an understanding and experience of one kind of thing in terms of another, the conceptual metaphor classified as three part namely: structural metaphor, orientational metaphor, and ontological metaphor. The object of this research is Ratatouille’s movie. the objective of this research is describe type of metaphor (1) to know what the dominant metaphor in this movie (2) To find the meaning of metaphor, The study of this research is using descriptive qualitative with the researcher is the instrument itself. The data of this research is the utterance which contains metaphor. Then the writer classified and study find the meaning by using source and target domain. The result of this research shows that this research have three types of metaphor there are 8 structural metaphors, 16 orientational metaphors, and 23 ontological metaphors. In conclusion, the dominant metaphor is ontological metaphor because the character of this movie usually compares an object with a human motivation, activities, and characteristic, they also use a human as a container.

Mobile-Application Loading-Animation Design and Implementation Optimization

Mobile-application performance and ultimately bounce rate are influenced by many factors, with wait-time duration proven to be the most important influencing factor. It is therefore important to optimize loading-time perception and performance to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience. This research investigates the influences of loading-animation design, motion speed, and semantics, as well as the graphics format used for creation, on time perception. These research aims were (1) to identify the key factors that influence the quality of the user experience in the design of animated loading indicatorsand their perceived dimensions, (2) to find out what impact animation meaning has on perceived time duration, and (3) to identify loading-animation-design decisions’ influence on application performance. Research activities from the fields of human–computer interaction, psychology/neuroscience, and networking/telecommunications have addressed understanding the user’s wait-time experience. In this experiment, we confirmed that the perceived wait-time duration of a loading indicator is positively related to nontemporal properties, such as the processing principle, but we also reviewed the influence of the semantic structure of perceptual time representation. The specific meaning of an animation metaphor and its narrative sequence is related to information extraction and processing of novel and repeated stimuli and, consequently, to the experienced delight and duration judgment of an end user.

Embodied Metaphor Processing: A Study of the Priming Impact of Congruent and Opposite Gestural Representations of Metaphor Schema on Metaphor Comprehension

ABSTRACT This study examined the performances of three groups of participants in interpreting metaphors in three different conditions: congruent gesture-prime conditions, opposite gesture-prime conditions, and no-prime conditions. In congruent gesture-prime conditions, each metaphor was preceded by the congruent gestural representation of metaphor schema. In opposite gesture-prime conditions, each metaphor was preceded by the opposite gestural representation of metaphor schema. The results showed that participants of congruent gesture-prime conditions had the best performance in interpreting metaphors, while participants of opposite gesture-prime conditions had the worst performance. It is suggested that metaphor schema is an important part of metaphorical meaning of a metaphor. Therefore, when this part of meaning is activated by a gestural prime, metaphor comprehension is facilitated. Furthermore, when a schema is used to metaphorically describe a concept or an event, that schema and the neural network that represents it become one part of a larger interconnected neural network that represents the meaning of the metaphor. It could mean that the activation of one part of it could facilitate the activation of the whole of the network. Finally, it is emphasized that a gesture that depicts the schema of a metaphor is in fact the embodied realization of that metaphor.

Pendidikan Karakter melalui Metafora dan Nilai Budaya Sastra Lisan Dolabololo

The purpose of this research is to analyze character education of forms, types, and meanings of metaphors and their relevance to cultural values ​​in the Ternate community. This study qualitative approach by utilizing content analysis methods and integrating them with the theory of metaphor analysis by Knowles and Moon. The research was conducted in Ternate Island District. The research subjects are the indigenous people of Ternate who are in the Ternate Island District, and the traditional holders of the Ternate Sultanate Palace. The data in this study is in the form of traditional Dolabololo expressions obtained from interviews and written documentation. The stages of analyzing the data are through data reduction, data presentation, and data verification stages. The value of cultural character education contained in the ontological metaphor is the teaching to always tell the truth and describe the culture of mutual respect and respect that the people of Ternate have.

Metaphors in Italian and Croatian compounds

In this paper, the metaphorical NN and NA/AN compounds in the Italian and Croatian language are described using the contrastive method. A narrow semantic corpus analysis is performed using the generative lexical models, and the metaphorical meanings are shown in the framework of cognitive linguistics.

A new understanding of metaphors: From collective data to individual cases

Most theories on metaphor processing are categorical, focus on semantics, and ignore important empirical findings. In this paper, we show how complex systems science can help us understand the apparently contradictory findings in the literature. We claim that metaphors are best understood as processed by the dynamic interaction between different factors, with dynamically shifting weights, in different time scales. To understand what a metaphor means, we must consider the multidimensional aspects of meaning: a) schemas, frames, scenarios, etc.; b) attributes (e.g., big, cruel, etc.); c) phenomenological schemas (e.g., mappings of visceral sensations); d) valence (positive, neutral, negative), etc. These constructs are not an object in the mind or the same for everyone. They are formed by experiences — with some overlaps, depending on people’s sharing of cultural and embodied similarities. We never know how one person will interpret a metaphor but can make informed guesses based on empirical findings.

Leksemy z wtórnym znaczeniem metaforycznym w rosyjskojęzycznej prasie Łotwy

The article presents the results of an analysis of the potential impact on readers of lexemes with secondary metaphorical meanings (source domain THEATER) used in articles published in the Russian-language press published in Latvia (in 2012–2022). The study was conducted on the basis of linguistic material taken from socio-political press articles published in five Latvian newspapers, both from print and electronic versions. The study, conducted with the help of semantic and contextual analysis, showed that the authors of the analyzed texts use theatrical metaphors that can evoke negative connotations in readers, but examples of the use of such lexemes are not numerous. The emotional impact on the audience is limited by the fact that the metaphorical meaning of the analyzed units is often an already obliterated meaning.

ВТОРИЧНАЯ ИНТЕПРЕТАЦИЯ КАК ФАКТОР СОЗДАНИЯ ПЕРЕНОСНЫХ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ

This article deals with English and Uzbek zoonyms which are used in anthropomorphic area as one of the factors of secondary interpretation. The article is aimed at pointing out the formation of conceptual anthropomorphic metaphor in creating a linguistic worldview as a result of secondary interpretation. Research methods used are as following: comparative analysis, cognitive modeling. The researcher shows that the above-mentioned units with secondary interpretation are expressed by metaphorical cognitive models as ANIMAL - HUMAN BEEING. Their secondary interpretation reveals emotive-evaluative characteristics of the concept human being: concerning “character of a person”, “status of a person”, “age of a person”, “the behavior of a person”, “life experience of a person”, “appearance of a person”, which is closely connected with linguacultural aspect. The author concludes that secondary interpretation of figurative meaning of zoonym metaphors is an effective tool for recreating the conceptual worldview.

EXAMINING SERBIAN EFL LEARNERS’ METAPHORIC COMPETENCE: METAPHOR IDENTIFICATION AND TRANSLATION

The paper presents the results of a study devoted to the examination of students’ metaphoric competence. The participants received no precoding training, or structured metaphorical in- put. The study was based on The Economist’s climate change coverage, a film titled “Climate change technology: Is shading the earth too risky?”, which was a part of an English composition assignment. We transcribed the oral data and, following the MIPVU (Steen 2010), identified sentences which contained at least one lexical unit that was metaphorically used. The students were asked to complete a questionnaire that was organized in accordance with our research goals. Namely, our study tested the students’ ability to distinguish between metaphorical and literal meaning in order to check their intuitions about what constitutes a metaphor. They were also asked to translate the given sentences into Serbian so that we could examine how they deal with metaphor in translation. The results suggest that the differences in translation are caused by the availability of the conventionalized metaphorical senses across the SL and TL lexicon. The research offered insight into students’ metaphoric competence prior to any exposure to Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff, Johnson 1980), which could be contrasted with the results obtained after a structured metaphorical input.

Дескрипція сформованості вербально-логічного мислення в дітей старшого дошкільного віку з логопатологією

The purpose of this study is to identify the current state of formation of verbal and logical thinking in older preschool children with speech development disorders, which affects their speech readiness for learning in general secondary education institutions. Research tasks is a theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the problem of study; specify research methods and parameters that reveal the level of formation of verbal and logical thinking; carrying out a comparative analysis of the study results of children of older preschool age with malignancy and normotypical psychophysical development. Research methods are methods with tasks aimed at learning the ability to classify subjects by common features at the verbal level, generalize issues and abstract phenomena, understand the figurative meaning of words (metaphors), analyze and draw conclusions from the content of the story. The results of the experimental study give a clear idea that there are significant differences between the groups of the studied older preschool children with speech pathology and those with normotypical psychophysical development regarding the formation of verbal-logical thinking and the psychological component of speech readiness. Children of older preschool age with speech disorders needed constant help from an adult. During the tasks, most of them made a slow transition from one type of question to another. In addition, these children made many mistakes: they incorrectly classified and summarized objects by features, could not explain the meaning of metaphors and their figurative meanings, and also had difficulties when analyzing and formulating conclusions to the text. The results of the experimental study show the unformed readiness of this category of older preschool children to integrate into the conditions of general secondary education institutions.

REPRODUCTION OF STYLISTIC DEVICES IN DELIA OWENS’ NOVEL “WHERE THE CRAWDADS SING” IN THE UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION

The article examines the peculiarities of the use of stylistic devices in the novel “Where the Crawdads Sing” by the American writer Delia Owens and their reproduction in the Ukrainian translation. Stylistic means are an integral part of fiction and they possess metaphoric meaning, emotional features that help convey the author’s idea. The functioning and emotional aspect of metaphor and simile in the novel were clarified. It was also found that the peculiarity of the novel is the presence of a natural element in the stylistic devices. The multifaceted description of the environment, desolate marshlands with their animals and plants helps the author reproduce the atmosphere in which the main character lived and the readers immerses the reader in her natural world. It was determined that such methods as calque (loan translation), adding, omitting, replacing an image, replacing one construction with another, reducing an idiomatic comparison to its meaning, preserving the same construction with further explanation of similar features were used to translate metaphors and similes. The highest percentage of using the calque method indicates that the images of the original novel are completely understandable for the readers of the translated work and any changes are not necessary. The authors analysed the situations in which minor changes or addition of information were needed for a better understanding of metaphors and simile and situations in which these stylistic devices were omitted due to the impossibility of selecting a suitable equivalent. The authors came to the conclusion that a number of methods of reproducing one or another stylistic device were used in the translation of the novel, with the help of which the translator managed to preserve the emotional load of the metaphor and simile, the natural element of these devices and convey the author’s intention in order to enable the readers of the translated work to get the same impressions as the readers of the original work.

O cercetare asupra fitonimelor românești create cu ajutorul termenului de origine latină „iarbă” III

Our paper aims to reveal an inventory, an interpretation and a statistical analysis of Romanian names of plants which implicates the term „iarbă” (herb, grass), spread through the botanical terminology, a phenomenon which, as considered by E. Coşeriu is not enough highlighted (given that the individual speaker became creator of language / poetry whenever he named a flower. Botanical popular terminology has primarily a practical value, designating, distinguishing and categorizing elements of the plant kingdom within the given natural reign, but also has a high theoretical significance, especially for linguists, both by the ethimons to which they send back and by the metaphorical meanings the phytonims mostly have. Phytonys could be an important starting point in any kind of research, as they constitute a true linguistic and cultural heritage.

ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ІНФОГРАФІЧНИХ РЕСУРСІВ У ТЕКСТАХ НОВИН (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ОНЛАЙН-НОВИН СЛУЖБ BBC І CNN)

The article highlights the use of infographics to effectively present the news material at BBC and CNN web pages. Infographic is a visual representation of information, data and knowledge. The infographic types that are widely used in news texts include maps, different kinds of graphs and charts such as bar/line/pie/column/bubble/gauge/stock/waterfall/flow charts; area/ hierarchy/circuit/tree diagrams; pictographs, timelines. Also, the symbiosis of infographic resources and additional graphic components (images, icons, geometric shapes, colour, numbers, and headers) was taken into account within the scopes of the current research. All of these allow controlling the infographics flow. Both verbal and nonverbal elements are considered to be crucially significant in creating the eye-catching and attention-grabbing infographic picture. Besides, the digital mode and colour play a significant role in presenting the information infographically. Numbers convey large amounts of information briefly and accurately and colour denotes emotionally valuable metaphorical meaning, stylistic and associative properties. The visual and the verbal can be integrated into a single syntagmatic unit. Verbal elements elucidate and decipher the nonverbal symbols, restate the message of the infographic image in a more precise way, distilling just one from the many possible meanings the image might have. Verbal items are represented by means of a single lexeme, a word combination or a simple sentence. Nonverbal components provide the verbal ones with the essential and highly informative visuals by showing the data, presenting many numbers in a small space, making large data sets coherent. They serve a reasonably clear purpose of description, exploration, tabulation and decoration. The visual elements serve as syntax identifying the participants by nonverbal means. Infographic is an effective and powerful tool to explain complex issues in a way that can quickly lead to insight and better understanding by making information easy to digest, educational, and engaging.

ОТ СОБЫТИЙ ЯЗЫКА К ЯЗЫКУ СОБЫТИЙ

The article presents the background of the author’s concept of selfassembly of the plot. The proximity of the language of demonological stories to the spoken language requires special attention to the text, to its linguistic semantics. The linguosemantic approach to the analysis of texts, which was justified by the author, is demonstrated by the example of the concept of “to lead the water”, widely represented in mythological stories. A lot of predicative compounds were found that implement semantic transitions between two lexico-semantic nests. It is shown that the analyzed narratives are based on the actualization of intra-linguistic, potential predications (“language events”) into predicative syntagmasmythological motifs (“language of events”). The search for an answer to the question of how interactions arising in the language between different levels of the language system (intra-language predications between secondary and primary meanings of words, between literal and metaphorical meanings of idiomatic expressions, etc.) are transformed into text-building constructs led to the emergence of the concept of selfassembly of the plot.

Питейные заведения в романе «Преступление и наказание». Художественная деталь в правовом поле питейной реформы 1861 года

By the middle of the 19th century, the theme of drunkenness as the cause of the most heinous vices and crimes had become one of the most discussed. Numerous abuses by the owners of drinking establishments led to a spontaneous manifestation of people’s sobriety in the late 50s of the 19th century. This caused significant damage to the state budget. The result of this confrontation was the introduction of a new government policy on drink sales. The terminological replacement of “kabak” with drinking house gradually replaced this name from everyday language but retained its historically negative reputation in the public mind. By the middle of the 19th century, the use of the lexeme “kabak” in the literary language already had a distinct metaphorical meaning. The “kabak”, as the main culprit of drunkenness and depravity, became the embodiment of social evil, and the problem of drunkenness was realized as a religious opposition “righteousness — sin.” The action of the novel Crime and Punishment takes place in the period of the first consequences of the new drinking reform. One of the features of the novel is Dostoevsky’s use of the lexeme “raspivochnaia” as an everyday colloquial name for a drinking house, carrying a pronounced emotional reaction of social rejection. “Raspivochnaia” is a thorough leitmotif of the story. It is an element of the general negative atmosphere of the city along with stuffiness, the smell of dust, lime, and slop. It is associated with descriptions of the psychological state of Raskolnikov. The mention of it accompanies all significant events and meetings for the characters. But the most important thing is its connection with the religious and moral problems of choice, with the inevitability of the fall into sin or the possibility of resurrection. This emotional and semantic image, which determines the further narrative, is built by Dostoevsky already at the very beginning of the novel, in the tavern where Marmeladov and Raskolnikov meet.