Metals In Industrial Wastewater Research Articles

Heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater using date seeds powder and aluminum chloride-based hybrid natural/chemical coagulation

High levels of heavy metals in industrial wastewater pose a significant environmental concern due to their toxicity to living organisms and ecosystems. Traditional techniques that use chemical coagulants to eliminate heavy metals from industrial wastewater have proven effective. However, the use of chemical coagulants produces sludge that is highly toxic and requires careful management. On the other hand, natural coagulants offer a cost-effective and sustainable alternative that is safer to handle, locally available, and potentially useful for resource recovery. These benefits make natural coagulants a promising substitute for chemical coagulants. This study aimed to investigate the performance of combining Date stone powder (DSP) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3), to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater efficiently. Through an optimization process of DSP/AlCl3 dosage and pH, the study sought to determine the optimal conditions for heavy metal removal. The main findings indicate that a DSP/AlCl3 dosage of 7:1 (g/g) was the most effective coagulant dosage, resulting in high removal efficiencies for COD (88.56%), color (89.56%), TSS (99.00%), NH3-N (92.50%), Mn (94.10%), Fe (95.47%), Zn (93.57%), Al (88.42%), and Ni (93.3%) at pH 8. Interestingly, the results of pH optimization showed that no pH modification was necessary, as it already achieved high removal efficiencies for COD (84.57%), color (88.94%), TSS (99.00%), NH3-N (92.25%), Mn (92.66%), Fe (90.57%), Zn (95.59%), Al (99.00%), and Ni (93.33%). This study demonstrates that the hybrid DSP/AlCl3 coagulation method can be an effective and sustainable solution for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. However, further research is necessary to assess its scalability and potential limitations.

Heavy metals removal from synthetic and industrial wastewater using synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles

With the advancement in wastewater treatment systems over conventional systems the application of nanotechnology has gained popularity in the past decade. The process can be applied by modifying the physico-chemical properties of metal oxides that increase their effectiveness in extracting heavy metals from wastewater. The present study has been carried out by synthesizing the Zinc oxide nanoparticles using green and chemical synthetic methods. Green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (GS-ZnO-NP) were discovered to exhibit a maximum removal effectiveness of 93% and 94% for heavy metals in industrial wastewater and synthetic wastewater, respectively. However, heavy metals removal efficiency from industrial and synthetic wastewater was observed to be 98% and 98% respectively using chemically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (CS-ZnO-NP). The heavy metals removal efficiency for specific metal is observed to be Cr > Pb > Cu > Hg > As. The kinetics of adsorption was calculated using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Freundlich model is the best fit with the coefficient of correlation in the range of 0.71–1 for green synthesized and 0.82 to 0.95 for chemically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles.

Self-powered sodium borohydride alkaline fuel cell for efficient removal of lead(II) and copper(II)

Heavy metals in industrial wastewater cause serious environmental pollution and they are easy to accumulate and difficult to degrade. Copper and lead are two typical heavy metals, and it is of great significance to remove them at the same time. This work shows a strategy of reducing and removing Pb(II) and Cu(II) by self-powered non-biological fuel cell (SP-nBFC) with dual-chamber reactor. Therein, sodium borohydride in alkaline solution as fuel (electron donor) was electrooxidized on nicke1 foam (NF) at anode and Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions (electron acceptors) in strong acidic solution were electro-reduced at Bi/MXene/GP cathode (bismuth nanoparticles and MXene modified graphite paper (GP)).Additionally, a proton exchange membrane, Nafion, was introduced into form complete circuit by offering ions channel. The results showed that Cu(II) and Pb(II) were reduced to Cu and Pb, and the SP-nBFC could produce electricity in this process without external energy consumption. The Bi/MXene/GP cathode could increase significantly removal efficiencies of Cu(II) and Pb(II), which were higher than about 37.0 %, 22.5 % for Cu(II) and 25.7 %, 16.3 % for Pb(II) than those of GP and MXene/GP cathode. This system could obtain a high Cu(II) removal efficiency (RE, 99.3 %) and moderate Pb(II) RE of 56.8 %, and acquire Cu and Pb sediments in cathode chamber. Furthermore, the proposed system could generate 923 mV of maximum potential and 1420 mW/m2 of maximum power density in 48 h. Thus, this SP-nBFC system provides a viable method for treatment of Cu(II) and Pb(II) pollution and generating electricity simultaneously, and also has prospective approach for other heavy metals remediation.

A Review of Phycoremediation of Heavy Metals in Industrial Waste Water

Environmental Pollutants such as heavy metals poised serious threat to biological systems. Heavy metals which could be natural or anthropogenic sourced are non-degradable pollutants and must be eliminated or reduced to certain quantity that is analytically presumed to be a safe limit before discharging into the environment to avoid injurious effects on biological systems. This review work showed the abilities of microalgae to biologically remove heavy metals from waste water through the process known as ‘Phycoremediation’. Phycoremediation of heavy metals with the help of microalgae takes place in two stages: Biosorption and Bioaccumulation. Microalgae such as Nannochloropsis oculata, Scenedesmus sp, Scenedesmus obtusus, Gracilaria corticata, Sarcodia suidae and Spirulina sp has been proven to phycoremediate; Pb, Cr, Hg, As, Cd, and Cu respectively. Therefore, this review work has shown that the microalgae are efficient biological vectors for heavy metal uptake.

Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate, as a capable heavy metal chelating agent: Production and applications

Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate (SDDC) is a universal heavy metal precipitant/chelating agent, which is widely used in the treatment of heavy metals in industrial wastewater and fly ash from waste incineration. It can be utilized as a heavy metal precipitant, fungicide, agricultural insecticide, rubber vulcanization accelerator, styrene-butadiene rubber polymerization terminator, polymerization inhibitor, mineral processing reagent, etc. This review article focuses on the research of the production and application of SDDC in heavy metal chelation. The following three benefits of using SDDC as a heavy metal chelating agent are: (1) it can chelate with various heavy metal ions at room temperature to generate insoluble chelate salts and precipitates, which can be easily removed; (2) SDDC can perform chelation reaction with varies heavy metal ions at the same time; (3) as a heavy metal chelating agent, SDDC is simple to use and low costs, which is significantly better than other heavy metal chelating agents and precipitants. This review paper presents novel ideas for the performance enhancement based on SDDC in removing heavy metals and is a prospect for the research, development, production, and applications of SDDC.

The Use of Ion Exchangers for Removing Cobalt and Nickel Ions from Water Solutions

The paper presents results of research on cobalt and nickel ions removal from monocomponent solutions using Purolite ion exchange resins. It has been shown that C 160 ion exchange resin has the best sorption properties for both ions (Q e – 72.5 mg Co/g and 88.2 mg Ni/g). Regeneration process of this ion exchanger has high efficiency, achieving about 93% for cobalt ions and about 84% in case of nickel ions. It has been shown that the use of ion exchange method with suitable ion exchange resins guarantees effective removal of cobalt and nickel ions from solutions with very high concentrations corresponding to contents of these metals in industrial wastewaters (e.g. galvanic). In case of C 160 ion exchange resin, after the sorption process is carried out in one 50 minute cycle, the cobalt concentration decreased from about 30 000 mg/L to about 9 500 mg/L (approx. 68%), whereas nickel concentration reached about 6 300 mg/L (approx. 79%). Studied chelating resins don’t have such high sorption capacities. In their case, it is required to convert cobalt and nickel ions into complex forms. The kinetics of studied processes were described by pseudo-second order equations.

Decomplexation of Ni-EDTA by thermally activated persulfate: Efficiency and mechanism

The thermally activated persulfate (TAP) advanced oxidation process is a promising technology for treating complex heavy–metal wastewater because of its environmental friendliness and high efficiency. However, previous studies have not fully explored the potential mechanisms involved in removing complex heavy metals. Herein, we investigated the effects of temperature, initial pH, peroxydisulfate (PDS) dosage, and the initial concentration of Ni-EDTA on the removal of Ni-EDTA using TAP. Results showed that increasing the activation temperature and PDS dosage enhanced the removal rate of Ni-EDTA, whereas decreasing the pH and initial concentration of Ni-EDTA were more conducive to Ni-EDTA removal. In addition, the quenching experiment indicated that OH and SO4− were the main active species, with OH being the most important contributor in the Ni-EDTA removal process. The degradation mechanism of Ni-EDTA was also explored through ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These showed that the TAP-based degradation of Ni-EDTA is a step-by-step decarboxylation process due to increased bond lengths of CN or NCCN bonds of Ni-EDTA, resulting in the destabilization of Ni-EDTA. Overall, this study provides unique insights into the degradation of complex heavy metals in industrial wastewater using TAP.

Analysis of Fe metal adsorption in industrial wastewater using adsorbents from betel nut skin

This study aims to determine the adsorption ability of betel nut skin-activated carbon on Fe metal in industrial wastewater. Betel nut skin carbon is activated using H2SO4 and HNO3. To identify the quality of adsorption using betel nut skin adsorbents, carbon and activated carbon are characterized using XRD and BET analysis. To determine the concentration of Fe metal adsorbed in the adsorption process, it was analyzed using AAS by determining the optimum conditions for the adsorption of Fe metal from the adsorbent using mass and contact time variations. The XRD characterization results show that betel nut skin carbon activated with sulfuric acid has a higher degree of crystallinity (41.03%) than that activated with nitric acid (20.61%). Betel nut skin activated carbon has a larger pore size of 3.2110 nm than the pore size of betel nut skin carbon of 2.2644 nm. The optimum condition of activated carbon on the adsorption of Fe metal was obtained at a mass of 1 gram with an optimum contact time of 45 minutes. The adsorption capacity of betel nut skin-activated carbon obtained was 1.4174 mg/g and the adsorption efficiency of betel nut skin-activated carbon was 99.84%. The initial concentration of Fe metal obtained was 25.86 ppm, after adding activated carbon from betel nut skin is decreased the concentration of Fe metal obtained was 3.72 ppm. So, the ability of betel nut skin adsorbent to adsorb Fe metal in industrial wastewater was 22.14 ppm. Keywords: Activated carbon; Adsorption; Amorphous; Betel nut skin; Wastewater

Evaluation and remediation protocol of selected organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in industrial wastewater using nanoparticles (NPs) in Nigeria

Limited knowledge of the level of contaminants in industrial wastewater within the Nigerian states together with the global challenge of water supply have compelled our investigation into the analyses and removal of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and heavy metal contents in industrial wastewater. Wastewater samples were collected from 13 industries across five states in Nigeria. The OCPs content of the samples was extracted, cleaned up and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the mean concentrations of the OCPs in the effluent samples ranged from 1.76 ng L−1 (Dieldrin) to 0.89 ng L−1 (endrin). Cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were evaluated in all the effluent water samples. The results show that the average concentrations of the heavy metal ions in the effluent samples ranged from 0.008 ± 0.003 mg L−1 (Cd) to 2.215 ± 0.841 mg L−1 (Pb). For the removal of the identified contaminants, biomagnetite nanoparticles (BioMag), magnetite nanoparticles (MagNPs), biomagnetite-CMC nanocomposite (BioMag-CMC) and magnetite-CMC nanocomposite (MagNPs-CMC) were synthesised and characterised using Braunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). This study demonstrates the successful application of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites in the removal of OCPs and heavy metal ions in industrial effluents. The routine assessment and continuous removal become important to attain a state of clean and healthy aquatic ecosystem due to rapid industrial and technological advances.

Assessment of heavy metals accumulation in agricultural soil, vegetables and associated health risks.

Industrialization plays a vital role in the development of a country’s economy. However, it also adversely affects the environment by discharging various unwanted and harmful substances such as heavy metals into the surface and subsurface aquifers. The current research work investigates the identification, characterization, and evaluation of specific heavy metals in industrial wastewater (IWW) and different composite samples of soil and vegetables (onion, pumpkin, lady finger, and green pepper) collected from selected agricultural fields irrigated with canals fed IWW in Mingora city of Swat (Pakistan). Obtained results were compared with the tube well water irrigated soil and vegetables grown in it. Heavy metals accumulation was tested through wet digestion method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The metal transfer factor (MTF) of heavy metals from soil to vegetables was also determined along with the health index (HI) to assess the potential health risk of the metals towards consumers using Monte Carlo simulation technique. Analysis of water samples showed that the concentration in mg l-1 of heavy metals in IWW follows the trend Fe (6.72) > Cr (0.537) > Pb (0.393) > Co (0.204) > Mn (0.125) > Ni (0.121). Analysis of the soil samples irrigated with IWW followed the order of Fe (47.27) > Pb (2.92) > Cr (2.90) >Ni (1.02) > Mn (0.90) > Co (0.68) and Fe (17.12) > Pb (2.12) > Cr (2.03) >Ni (0.76) > Co (0.49) > Mn (0.23) irrigated with TWW. Heavy metals concentration values found in soil irrigated with IWW were higher than the soil irrigated with TWW. Similar trends were found for agricultural produces grown on soil irrigated with IWW and found higher than the normal allowable WHO limits, indicating higher possibilities of health risks if continuously consumed. MTF values were found higher than 1 for ladyfinger and green pepper for Pb intake and pumpkin for Mn intake. The current study suggests the continuous monitoring of soil, irrigation water and agricultural products to prevent heavy metals concentration beyond allowable limits, in the food chain. Thus, concrete preventive measures must be taken to reduce heavy metal accumulation through wastewater irrigation to protect both human and animal health in the study area of Mingora Swat Pakistan.

Removal of copper (II) ions from spent solutions by granular graphite electrodes

The most abundant heavy non-ferrous metals in industrial wastewater and spent solutions are lead, copper, zinc, nickel, however, it depends on the type of the industry. This work proposes the concepts of an electrochemical method of divalent copper removal from spent solutions with help of granular graphite electrodes. The study was conducted changing the meanings of the five major parameters including the current density (i), the concentration of copper (II) ions (C), the surface area of graphite electrodes (S), the concentration of sulfuric acid in the solution (M) and the electrolysis duration (τ) affecting Cu (II) ions removal percentage from solution. Experimental results show that the current density, surface area of the granular graphite electrodes and the time are the main factors that affect the removal percentage of Cu (II), while the changes in sulfuric acid concentration in solution have a minor effect. Highest copper removal value 97% and 54 % current efficiency was observed in conditions: i =150A/m2, τ = 1.5 h, [H2SO4] = 0.4 M, S = 150 cm2 which is considered as an optimal condition for copper removal process by granular graphite electrode.

Recent Progress in the Development of MOF-Based Photocatalysts for the Photoreduction of Cr(VI).

There has been a direct correlation between the rate of industrial development and the spread of pollution on Earth, particularly in the last century. The organic and inorganic pollutants generated from industrial activities have created serious risks to human life and the environment. The concept of sustainability has emerged to tackle the environmental issues in developing chemical-based industries. However, pollutants have continued to be discharged to water resources, and finding appropriate techniques for the removal and remedy of wastewater is in high demand. Chromium is one of the high-risk heavy metals in industrial wastewaters that should be removed via physical adsorption and/or transformed into less hazardous chemicals. Photocatalysis as a sustainable process has received considerable attention as it utilizes sunlight irradiation to remedy Cr(VI) via a cost-effective process. Numerous photocatalytic systems have been developed up to now, but metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained growing attention because of their unique versatilities and facile structural modulations. A variety of MOF-based photocatalysts have been widely employed for the photoreduction of Cr(VI). Here, we review the recent progress in the design of MOF photocatalysts and summarize their performance in photoreduction reactions.

Cadmium Removal Using Eucalyptus Bark and Syzygium Cumini Bark as Adsorbents

Abstract: "When there is a decision of Smart, for what reason to pick just better." Eucalyptus bark and syzygium barks are very abundant, inexpensive and forest residues. It was decided to do experiment with it as a potential adsorbent for the removal of certain metals in industrial waste water. The efficiency of eucalyptus bark and syzygium cumini bark as a low cost sorbents for removing cadmium ions from aqueous solution has been investigated in batch mode. In order to study the variables that define the process, the variables selected were: Time, metal ion concentration, pH variation, Adsorbent dosage and particle size. Batch mode experiments were conducted to observe the effects of selected variables. It was verified that all the variables studied had significant influence on the adsorption process. Maximum cadmium uptake was obtained at 70 minutes for Eucalyptus bark and 60 minutes for Syzygium cumini bark. The equilibrium data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm but a worse fit was obtained by the Freundlich model. Keywords: Eucalyptus bark, Syzygium cumini bark, adsorbent, cadmium, waste water.

Scrutinize of Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in Industrial Waste Water of Agra District and Alleviation Measures of Their Venomous Effect

Scrutinize of Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in Industrial Waste Water of Agra District and Alleviation Measures of Their Venomous Effect

High-efficient carbon dioxide-to-formic acid conversion on bimetallic PbIn alloy catalysts with tuned composition and morphology

CO2 electroreduction to value-added chemicals and fuels has gained increasing attention; however, there are only a few catalysts with high performance under mild conditions that can be used in this technique. In this study, single metal Pb, In and bimetallic PbIn catalysts for aqueous CO2 electroreduction were prepared using a facile 3-step process including PbIn granulation by reducing Pb(NO3)2/In(NO3)3 aqueous solution with NaBH4, calcination in air, and in situ electroreduction. The bimetallic PbIn catalysts had better catalytic performance on CO2 electroreduction than single metal catalysts. The bimetallic Pb7In3 catalyst (atomic ratios of Pb and In is 7:3) presented the highest formic acid faradaic efficiency of 91.6% at −1.26 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode in a 0.5 M CO2-saturated KHCO3 aqueous solution, which was 13% and 9.7% higher than that of single Pb and In catalysts, respectively. Moreover, the catalyst remained active after 10 h of continuous CO2 electrolysis with a stale current density of −17 mA cm−2. The experimental results showed that the excellent catalytic performance of Pb7In3 catalyst may stem from its higher electrochemical active surface area, lower charge-transfer resistance and the synergistic effect of Pb and In in the catalyst. The presented bimetallic PbIn catalysts may have a wide of application prospect, and they may be synthesized from heavy metals in industrial wastewaters.

Photothermal air gap membrane distillation for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater

As the world population grows, pure water becomes increasingly scarce, making wastewater treatment necessary. However, the processes currently used to treat industrial wastewater are generally energy-intensive, highlighting the need to develop environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technologies. To address this issue, a photothermal air–gap membrane distillation system was developed and tested for the first time to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater. Activated carbon particles at different concentrations were used in the prepared polyvinylidene fluoride membranes as components for solar energy recovery. Zinc, one of the most common heavy metals in industrial wastewater in the United Arab Emirates, was used as a model contaminant in this study. The results showed that the use of Activated Carbon particles to modify Polyvinylidene fluoride membranes can significantly improve solar absorption (97%) and porosity (60.6%), resulting in a permeate flux of 0.32 L/m2h and a rejection of 97% of Zn ions. Additionally, the optimized membrane was tested using a synthetic heavy metal solution and showed high rejection rates for most of the tested heavy metals (Zn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+), which can be potentially used in the industrial heavy metal removal process. The developed photothermal water treatment system can provide a highly efficient and scalable water treatment process.

Study of the biosorption efficiency of seaweed species collected from the Black Sea for heavy metals removal in industrial wastewaters

In this article, it will be presented the results obtained from research conducted in order to reduce the concentrations of metals in industrial wastewater resulted from heavy metal polluting industries, especially the metallurgical industry. Most of the world's water sources are profoundly negatively affected by human activities, and the population faces critical water supply and drinking water quality problems. Millions of people develop various diseases from drinking water from unsafe or poor quality sources, creating a global public health problem. Due to massive industrialisation, current water treatment methods are outdated, which is why water treatment and purification laws, regulations, and controls need to be updated to minimise and stop contamination of the food chain. It is the responsibility of the researchers to make the public aware of the dangers to which they are exposed due to their own negligence and to offer possible solutions to these problems. New, reliable, viable, cheap, and sustainable technologies must be developed to improve drinking water quality. One such technology that can be developed and implemented is using the biological method of biosorption. Stranded seaweed on the Romanian Black Sea coast is currently treated as waste, but it could be exploited as biomass in the biosorption process. The research aimed to investigate the possibility of valorification of macrophyte seaweed species in this direction. Five different species of stranded macrophyte seaweed were collected and used to remove selected metallic ions (Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu) from a source of wastewater resulted from the metallurgical industry processes. The wastewater samples were analyzed before and after the application of the biosorption technique using the spectrophotometric method.

Effective removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater with novel bioactive catalyst enabling hybrid approach

Recent years, heavy metal reduction of contaminated atmosphere using microbes is heightened worldwide. In this context, the current study was focused on heavy metal resistant actinomycete strains were screened from effluent mixed contaminated soil samples. Based on the phenotypic and molecular identification, the high metal resistant actinomycete strain was named as Nocardiopsis dassonvillei (MH900216). The highest bioflocculent and exopolysaccharide productions of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei (MH900216) was confirmed by various invitro experiments result. The heavy metal degrading substances was characterized and effectively confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Further, the heavy metal sorption ability of actinomycete substances bioflocculent was exhibited 85.20%, 89.40%, 75.60%, and 51.40% against Cd, Cr, Pb and Hg respectively. Altogether, the bioflocculent produced actinomycete Nocardiopsis dassonvillei (MH900216) as an excellent biological source for heavy metal reduction in waste water, and it is an alternative method for effective removal of heavy metals towards sustainable environmental management.

“Physico-Chemical analysis and detection of Heavy Metals in water through electro plating Industries by ICP-AES technique”

Abstract: The physico-chemical properties and detection of heavy metals (Viz. Pb, As, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr) and their accumulation have been studied in electroplating industrial waste water. This work describes the detection of concentration of these metals in industrial waste water by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy) technique. In electroplating industrial waste water samples Pb, As, Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr are detected while Cd, Zn, As, Cu are detected in trace amount in some samples. For the accumulation of metals by the waste water samples were collected and analysed. This concentration of metals is due to various electro plating industries. The waste water samples were collected from MIDC, Ambad, Nashik. Maharashtra. At this point the soil is getting polluted by the disposal of different electro plating industrial waste water. Detected some of the metals are toxic. Keywords: Accumulation, Heavy Metals, ICP-AES, waste water, detection, physico-chemical

Removal of heavy metal ions form acidic electrolyte for stainless steel electropolishing via adsorption using Polish peats

The use of natural materials for wastewater treatment is a rapidly evolving issue. Natural materials are often low-cost or waste materials, and they are readily available. In the case of industrial wastewater treatment, the use of natural sorbents for the removal of heavy metals has shown positive results for many of the materials tested. However, there are ample reports in the literature of successes based solely on prepared solutions and laboratory trials, which may not actually be as effective when applied under industrial conditions. In the present work, the possibility of using Polish peat from 5 health resorts (Połczyn Zdrój, Goczałkowice Zdrój, Wieniec Zdrój, Kamień Pomorski and Kołobrzeg) as a sorbent for heavy metals in industrial wastewater from the steel electropolishing process is investigated. The materials were characterized and then sorption tests using both laboratory and industrial wastewater solutions were performed. The peat used turned out to be an effective material for both model laboratory and industrial wastewater characterized by high initial concentrations of metals such as iron, chromium, nickel, and copper. Removal rate for initial concentration of 1000 mg/dm3 was 99% for chromium and iron, and 66% for nickel and cooper. The total removal capacity was 30.7 mg/g and indicated the following order Fe(III) > Cr(III) > Cu(II) > Ni(II) in the wide range of industrial electrolyte for stainless steel electropolishing. The method of conducting the research and characteristics of the materials open up new opportunities for removing heavy metal ions in an acidic environment without prior pH correction.