Adipose tissue expression of Notch signaling genes in relation to insulin sensitivity and obesity in humans.

Materials and device architectures for cortisol detection: Mechanisms, measurement technologies, and clinical implications.

Probiotic therapeutics: A critical review of mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and the frontier of precision microbiome modulation.

Nerve Ultrasound in Pediatric Polyneuropathies: A Systematic Review.

Serum PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs and PCAs: Associations with metabolic syndrome risk factors in the Flemish Gut Flora Project cohort.

White matter abnormalities in metabolic syndrome patients with and without mild cognitive impairment: A diffusion tensor imaging study.

The cardiovascular evaluation of candidates for living kidney donation.

Introduction: Lipids form an important constituent of the human cell membrane with wide functional importance. The alterations in lipid levels can result in an imbalance of the homeostatic reserve and, therefore, can result in a diseased state. Aim: To analyse and compare lipid profiles between diabetic and non diabetic individuals amongst the study group and find an association between diabetic status and lipid parameters. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of a primary care health setting, Sakthi Multi-speciality clinic, Poonamallee, Chennai, South India, between July 2024 to September 2024. The present study included 55 patients who attended a primary health care setting. A convenient consecutive sampling technique was followed in recruiting both male and female patients above 18 years of age with or without co-morbid illness. The elements of lipid profile analysis were presented as median and interquartile range. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed for comparing continuous variables between diabetic and non diabetic groups and Fisher’s exact test for associations between categorical variables. Kendall’s Tau-B correlation was used to assess associations among continuous variables within the diabetic subgroup. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the total 55 participants who consented to participate in the study, 41 were males and 14 were females. Among them, 11 participants were known cases of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). A total of 44 participants with capillary blood glucose levels less than 126 mg/dL and no prior history of co-morbid illness were considered to be apparently normal. The median and Interquartile range of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and ratio of cholesterol to HDL were found to be 160 (IQR=40), 105 (IQR=37.5), 34 (IQR=8), 108 (IQR=54.5), 21 (IQR=7.5), 4.7 (IQR=0.0), respectively. The analysis revealed a significant difference in the LDL (p-value <0.01) and ratio of cholesterol to HDL (p-value-0.054) in the diabetic group compared to the non diabetic group. The association between diabetic status and independent variables revealed a significant association between diabetic status and LDL. TC/HDL was moderately correlated with Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) (τ=0.59, p-value=0.03) and Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) (τ=0.57, p-value=0.03). A positive correlation was observed between FBS and TC (τ=0.41, p-value=0.08), TGs (τ=0.44, p-value=0.06), HDL cholesterol (τ=0.41, p-value=0.08), LDL cholesterol (τ=0.55, p-value=0.02) and VLDL (τ=0.44, p-value=0.06) although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Strong association between altered lipid parameters and Diabetic status, with the presence of moderate effect sizes, suggests potentially meaningful relationships that warrant a greater insight into the discernment of the disease. The current pilot study may direct future research to comprehensively understand the metabolic derangements playing a causative role in the pathogenesis of DM and Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic shifts, a consequence of hyperosmolarity, are a hallmark of mental disorders.

DLS-SUC: A precision prediction framework for lysine succinylation sites integrating the protein language model (ESM-2) and dual imbalance strategies.

This study aims to estimate the current prevalence of suspected and diagnosed untreated hypertension in middle-aged Lithuanian men. In addition, it seeks to examine the cardiometabolic risk profile associated with these conditions. This was a cross-sectional study of data collected from 2009 to 2019. The dataset included 52 012 male participants aged 40-54 years who participated in the Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk (LitHiR) Primary Prevention Programme. We compared the prevalence of dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), overweight, obesity based on BMI and waist circumference, metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic parameters between the normotensive, suspected hypertensive and diagnosed untreated hypertensive groups. All risk factors were more prevalent in suspected and diagnosed untreated hypertensive groups compared to normotensive individuals, with dyslipidaemia being the most prevalent risk factor (91.20 and 93.40%, respectively). The cardiometabolic parameters were also markedly elevated in these groups. Increased waist circumference, elevated total cholesterol, smoking and a family history of CVD were independently associated with both suspected and untreated hypertension. The prevalence of suspected hypertension and diagnosed untreated hypertension in Lithuania slightly increased between 2009 and 2019. Overall, 26.84% of middle-aged men with hypertensive blood pressure readings have no prior diagnosis, while 18.57% of diagnosed individuals are not receiving antihypertensive treatment. A considerable number of hypertensive middle-aged men in Lithuania experience prolonged delays in initiating pharmacological interventions.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally. Menopause is associated with increased hepatic fat deposition and thus metabolic dysfunction, contributing to heightened risk of progressive liver and cardiovascular disease. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), supported by pre-clinical data, may be associated with a lower risk. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX global federated research network. Eligible participants were peri-menopausal women (ICD-10 codes N95/Z78.0, AND age 40-65 years) with pre-existing MASLD (based on ICD-10 codes K76.0/K75.81 or positive modified hepatic steatosis index plus ≥ 1 metabolic syndrome, MetS, trait). Patients initiating HRT (oestrogen ± progesterone) were compared with untreated controls using 1:1 propensity score matching for demographics, comorbidities, biochemistry and medications. The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse liver outcomes (MALO: portal hypertension, varices, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, encephalopathy, hepatorenal/pulmonary syndromes, cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplant). Secondary outcomes were individual MALO components, type 2 diabetes (T2D), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), breast and endometrial cancer, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Cox regression generated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs over 5 years. Sensitivity analyses adjusted for geography, hormone type, and degree of obesity. After matching, 21 639 patients were included in each treatment arm. HRT was associated with a significantly reduced risk of MALO (HR 0.80; 0.71, 0.9), largely driven by reductions in ascites and SBP (0.78; 0.64, 0.95), and liver cirrhosis (0.75; 0.63, 0.90), and reduced risk of cardiometabolic outcomes: T2D (0.90; 0.84, 0.96), and MACE (0.90; 0.83, 0.98). HRT was not associated with increased risk of breast cancer or VTE, whilst endometrial cancer risk was reduced (0.49; 0.40, 0.61). Oestrogen was linked to greater benefits compared to progesterone, and patients with mild-moderate obesity experienced more significant risk reduction. Treatment of peri-menopausal symptoms with HRT, in patients with pre-existing MASLD, is associated with a lower 5-year risk of major liver and cardiometabolic disease. These findings support early basic science research and should prompt a closer examination through clinical trials.

Association between the triglyceride-glucose frailty index and Parkinson's disease in middle-aged and older adults: a comparative cross-national analysis of NHANES and CHARLS.

Medicinal plants in the management of muscle loss and sarcopenia: A narrative review of preclinical and clinical evidence from eight species.

Demethyleneberberine attenuates combined cognitive and metabolic dysfunctions in an insulin-resistance-induced Alzheimer's disease rat model: Synthesis, in-silico and in-vivo insights.

Asperosaponin VI ameliorates acute kidney injury via restoring metabolic-oxidative homeostasis in NRF2 and PPARα dependent manners.

Nanomaterial-based strategies for anti-aging and regeneration in oral and maxillofacial tissues: Mechanisms and applications.

Improving cardiac resilience to ischemia/reperfusion: The role of butyrate in mitochondrial and metabolic recovery.

To measure serum insulin-regulated aminopeptidase levels in women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome and to investigate their potential contribution of these levels to the development of insulin resistance, which plays a central role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. The study group, recruited between May and December 2021, consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Serum insulin-regulated aminopeptidase levels were compared between the groups using the ELISA method. Serum insulin-regulated aminopeptidase levels were significantly lower in the polycystic ovary syndrome group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Subparameter assessments revealed that insulin-regulated aminopeptidase levels were even lower in insulin-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome patients (p = 0.001). Moreover, insulin-regulated aminopeptidase levels demonstrated a statistically significant negative correlation with fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and HOMA-IR values. Serum insulin-regulated aminopeptidase levels were found to be lower in women with polycystic ovary syndrome than those in healthy controls. Furthermore, these levels appear to reflect insulin resistance, a key factor in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Overall, these findings suggest that insulin-regulated aminopeptidase may serve as a potential biomarker for the identifification of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Consumers' risky eating behaviours aided by the current food environment have led to an increase in diet-related metabolic disorders. Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease origin represents a major global health burden that is increasing at an alarming rate on an annual basis. Modifying the timing of calorie consumption, dietary composition, or caloric intake offers a promising therapeutic approach for the management of this condition. The aim of this review was to provide a concise analysis of the impact of intermittent fasting on the regulation of glucocorticoid levels and diet-induced metabolic disorders with a focus on non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. We found that intermittent fasting primarily regulates hepatic autophagy via nutritional and hormonal pathways, aiding in the maintenance of energy equilibrium, enhancement of mitochondrial function, regulation of liver quality, preservation of cellular homeostasis, protection of cells from harmful factors, mitigation of liver metabolic disorders, and improvement of liver inflammation. Also, the physiological changes induced by intermittent fasting and their metabolic consequences arise through multiple mechanisms, including alterations in hepatic metabolism, hepatic autophagy, inflammatory responses, liver functional enzymes, hepatic steatosis, fibroblast growth factor signalling, White adipoe tissue browning, adipokines, circadian rhythms, lipid profiles, body composition, the adipose tissue-gut microbiome axis, skeletal muscle, and the autophagy process. Interestingly, we identified the complex interplay among glucocorticoids, intermittent fasting, and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases highlighting the hepatic macrophage glucocorticoid receptor as a pivotal mediator of fasting-induced reprogramming of the macrophage secretome, including fasting-suppressed cytokines. In conclusion, existing data indicates that intermittent fasting in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases is a viable, safe, and successful strategy for weight reduction, demonstrating notable trends in the amelioration of dyslipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.