Metabolic Syndrome In Chinese Adults Research Articles

Sex-specific association between soluble corin and metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults.

Soluble corin has been associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, but whether it is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders, remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between soluble corin and MetS in Chinese men and women. We examined serum soluble corin using immunoassays in 962 men (mean age, 53 years) and 1536 women (mean age, 54 years) free of cardiovascular disease. Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between soluble corin and MetS in men and women. The results showed that participants in the 3rd and 4th quartiles of serum soluble corin had 1.99 (95% CI: 1.32-3.00) and 3.84 (95% CI: 2.54-5.83) times the risk of having MetS for men and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.06-2.06) and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.10-2.12) times the risk of having MetS for women compared to those in the lowest quartile. The magnitude of the association between serum soluble corin and MetS was significantly stronger for men than for women (P < 0.001). These results indicated that soluble corin was significantly associated with MetS, and this association was stronger for men than for women. Corin may contribute to cardiometabolic risks differently between men and women and thereby accounting, at least partly, for the sex difference in cardiovascular risk.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and individual metabolic abnormalities in China, 2002-2012.

The purpose of our study was to estimate the national prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its individual components and its changes in the past decade. Two national-representative cross-sectional surveys: the China National Nutrition and Health Survey 2002 (CNNHS 2002) and the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010-2012 (CNNHS 2010-2012). A total of 48,235 and 104,098 participants aged 18 years or older who had completed data on physical examination, blood lipids, and fasting glucose tests from CNNHS 2002 and CNNHS 2010-2012, respectively, were included in current study. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults increased from 9.5% (95% confident interval [CI]: 9.2%-9.7%) in 2002 to 18.7% (18.3%-19.1%) in 2010-2012, corresponding to an estimated 83.6 million adults in 2002 and 189 million adults in 2010-2012 living with metabolic syndrome in China. The increment was more than doubled among young, rural residents and those from poor households. Abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, high triglycerides, low HDL-C, and elevated blood pressure were found in 18.9% (18.5%-19.3%), 6.4% (6.2%-6.7%), 13.8% (13.5%-14.2%), 19.3% (18.9%-19.7%), and 34.0% (33.5%-34.5%) of adults in 2002, respectively, which was 25.8% (25.3%-26.2%), 16.2% (15.8%-16.5%), 23.7% (23.3%-24.2%), 32.6% (32.0%-33.1%), and 34.4% (33.9%-34.9%), respectively, in 2010-2012. Based on two nationally representative surveys, our results indicated that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is widespread and increasing in China.

Sex- and Age-Specific Optimal Anthropometric Indices as Screening Tools for Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults.

Objectives To compare the predictive ability of six anthropometric indices for identification of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to determine their optimal cut-off points among Chinese adults. Methods A total of 59,029 participants were enrolled. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and conicity index (CI) were measured. Receiver-operating characteristic curves analyses were performed to determine the discriminatory power of these indices for the identification of cardiometabolic risks and diagnosis of MetS. The differences in the area under the curve (AUC) values among the indices were evaluated. The Youden index was used to determine the optimal cut-off points. Results WHtR and BRI exhibited the highest AUC values for identifying MetS and most cardiometabolic risk factors in both sexes, whereas ABSI showed the lowest AUC value. The general optimal cut-off points in women were 23.03 kg/m2 for BMI, 77.25 cm for WC, 0.490 for WHtR, and 3.179 for BRI; those in men were 24.64 kg/m2 for BMI, 87.25 cm for WC, 0.510 for WHtR, and 3.547 for BRI. The AUC values and cut-off points of the indices were also analyzed in each age and BMI category. Conclusions In Chinese adults, WHtR and BRI showed a superior predictive power for MetS in both sexes, which can be used as simple and effective screening tools for cardiometabolic risks and MetS in clinical practice.

Association of dietary sodium:potassium ratio with the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults.

Several epidemiological studies have investigated that Na or K intakes might be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, little evidence has evaluated the association between Na:K ratio and the MetS. In this study, we assessed the association between the dietary Na:K ratio and the MetS. The cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years and older in Nanjing, using a multi-stage random sampling method, which resulted in a sample size of 1993 participants. Dietary Na and K intakes were assessed by 3 consecutive days of dietary recollection combined with condiments weighing method. Health-related data were obtained by standardised questionnaires, as well as physical examinations and laboratory assessments. The prevalence rate of the MetS was 36·5 % (728/1993). After adjusting for various lifestyle and dietary factors of the MetS, participants in the highest quartile of dietary Na:K ratio were at a higher risk of developing MetS (OR=1·602; 95 % CI 1·090, 2·353) compared with those in the lowest quartile. Each 1-sd increase in dietary Na:K ratio was associated with a higher risk of prevalent MetS (OR=1·166; 95 % CI: 1·018, 1·336). Among the components of the MetS, dietary Na:K ratio was positively associated with high blood pressure (quartile 3 v. quartile 1: OR=1·656; 95 % CI 1·228, 2·256) and hypertriacylglycerolaemia (quartile 4 v. quartile1: OR=1·305; 95 % CI 1·029, 1·655) in multivariate analysis. These results revealed that higher dietary Na:K ratio significantly increased the risk of the MetS in Chinese adults. Further studies are needed to verify this association.

Dietary Flavonoids, Copper Intake, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults.

The effects of flavonoids and copper (Cu) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been investigated separately, but no information exists about the joint associations between flavonoids and Cu on the risk of MetS in population studies. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 9108 people aged 20–75 years from the Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition, and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (HDNNCDS) were included. Flavonoid intakes were calculated based on the flavonoid database created in our laboratory. Cu and other nutrient intakes were estimated using the Chinese Food Composition Table. Among all study subjects, a total of 2635 subjects (28.9%) met the diagnostic criteria for inclusion in the MetS group. Total flavonoids (fourth vs. first quartile, odds ratio (OR): 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–0.90, Ptrend = 0.002) and Cu (OR 0.81, 90% CI: 0.70–0.94, Ptrend = 0.020) were inversely associated with the risk of MetS after adjusting for potential confounders. Higher flavonoid intake was more strongly associated with a lower risk of MetS with high levels of Cu intake (Pinteraction = 0.008). Dose–response effects showed an L-shaped curve between the total intake of five flavonoids and the risk of MetS. These results suggest that higher flavonoid intake is associated with a lower risk of MetS, especially under high levels of Cu intake.

Android fat as a determinant of metabolic syndrome: Sex differences.

Regional fat accumulation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases, yet the results are controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between regional fat accumulation and MetS as well as the underlying mechanism in Chinese adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 428 Chinese adults (166 men and 262 women). Android and gynoid fat percentage (AFP and GFP) were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fasting lipid parameters were analyzed by chemistry analyzer COBAS. Forty-six (28%) men and 34 (13%) women had MetS according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Panel Adult Treatment Panel III definition for South Asia. AFP was strongly correlated with more metabolic risk factors than GFP in men. In women, AFP and GFP showed significant opposite effects on triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and waist circumference. On multivariate regression, AFP was an independent determinant of MetS in men after adjustment for confounding factors. For women, both AFP and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were predictors for MetS. Increased android fat may play a direct role in the development of MetS in Chinese adults. However, the associations between android fat, insulin resistance, and MetS are sex-dependent. This is probably due to different effects of sex hormones on adipose tissue or by genetic factors between sexes. Knowing the sex differences in developing MetS may help design sex-specific preventive strategies that will benefit the overall population health.

Dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Data on dietary patterns in relation to the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a middle-aged Chinese population are sparse. The present study was performed to determine the major dietary patterns among a population aged 45-59 years and to evaluate their associations with MetS risk in China. Cross-sectional examination of the association between dietary patterns and MetS. Face-to-face interviews were used to assess dietary intake using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. OR and 95 % CI for MetS were calculated across quartiles of dietary pattern scores using multivariate logistic regression analysis models. City of Linyi, Shandong Province, China. Adults (n 1918) aged 45-59 years. Three major dietary patterns were identified: traditional Chinese, animal food and high-energy. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals in the highest quartile of the traditional Chinese pattern had a reduced risk of MetS relative to the lowest quartile (OR=0·72, 95 % CI 0·596, 0·952; P<0·05). Compared with those in the lowest quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of the animal food pattern had a greater risk of MetS (OR=1·28; 95 % CI 1·103, 1·697; P<0·05). No significant association was observed between the high-energy pattern and risk of MetS. These findings indicate that the traditional Chinese pattern was associated with a reduced risk, while the animal food pattern was associated with increased risk of MetS. Given the cross-sectional nature of our study, further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in China: An up-dated cross-sectional study.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is an increasing public health concern because of rapid lifestyle changes. Although there have been previous studies on the prevalence of MS in China, the prevalence may have changed with lifestyle changes over the last decade. To update this prevalence, we performed a cross-sectional survey among adults over 18 years old across China from May 2013 to July 2014. Participants underwent questionnaires and provided blood and urine samples for analysis. MS was defined according to the criteria of the China Diabetes Society. A total of 12570 individuals (45.2% men) with an average age of 48.8±15.3 (18–96) years were selected and invited to participate in the study. In total, 9310 (40.7% men) individuals completed the investigation, with a response rate of 74.1%. The prevalence of MS in China was 14.39% [95% confidence interval (CI): -3.75–32.53%], and the age-adjusted prevalence was 9.82% (95% CI: 9.03–10.61%; 7.78% in men and 6.76% in women; 7.39% in rural residents and 6.98% in urban residents). The highest prevalence occurred among adults aged 50–59 years (1.95%, 95% CI: 1.40–2.50%), and the lowest prevalence occurred among adults aged 40–49 years (0.74%, 95% CI: 0.38–1.10%); the prevalence was the highest in the south region and lowest in the east region (4.46% and 1.23%, respectively). The results of logistic regression analyses showed that age, urolithiasis, hyperuricemia, coronary artery disease, thiazide drugs intake, family history of diabetes and hypertension were all significantly associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR>1). In addition, education, vitamin D intake and family history of urolithiasis are all protective factors (OR<1). Our results indicate that there was a high prevalence of MS in Chinese adults. Compared to the previous study 10 years ago, some preventive strategies have worked; however, further work on the prevention and treatment of MS remains necessary.

A novel potential biomarker for metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: Circulating protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 4.

Background/ObjectivesProtein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family members are specific endoplasmic reticulum proteins that are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and obesity. However, the metabolic effects of PDIA4 remain unclear in humans. The aims of this study were to investigate the associations of serum PDIA4 with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Chinese adults.Subjects/MethodsA total of 669 adults (399 men and 270 women) were recruited. Serum PDIA4 concentrations and biochemical variables were recorded. Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were examined by homeostasis model assessment. MetS was defined based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asia Pacific.ResultsThe participants with MetS had significantly higher serum PDIA4 levels than those without MetS (P<0.001). After adjustments, the individuals with the highest PDIA4 tertile were associated with a higher risk of MetS than those with the lowest tertile (OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 2.71–8.60). The concentration of PDIA4 showed a stepwise increase with the components of MetS (P<0.001 for trend). The individuals with the highest PDIA4 tertile were significantly associated with waist circumference (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.34–4.32), blood pressure (OR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.57–4.67), fasting glucose concentration (OR = 3.17, 95% CI 1.80–5.57), and serum triglycerides (OR = 4.12, 95% CI 2.30–7.37) than those with the lowest tertile. At cutoff point of 15.24 ng/ml, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PDIA4 for the metabolic syndrome were 67 and 72%, respectively, in male patients and 60 and 78%, respectively, in female patients. Finally, the result showed that PDIA4 had a significantly higher area under the curve compared with blood pressure to detect MetS using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ConclusionsSerum PDIA4 concentrations are closely associated to MetS and its components in Chinese adults.

Plasma Sfrp5 levels correlate with determinants of the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults

Secreted frizzled-related protein-5 (Sfrp5) is a novel adipokine, and it has been found to link insulin resistance with diabetes. Animal studies have revealed the role of Sfrp5 in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between Sfrp5 and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a cross-sectional study. We conducted a series of cross-sectional studies of Chinese population including 194 control participants and 90 MetS patients. Circulating Sfrp5 concentrations were determined by ELISA. The relationships between circulating Sfrp5 levels and MetS components were assessed. Circulating Sfrp5 was significantly lower in newly examined MetS patients than in control participants (49.1±17.2 vs 61.6±23.2μg/L, P<.01). Circulating Sfrp5 correlated negatively with markers of adiposity (waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, and free fatty acids, P<.001 or P<.05). Furthermore, Sfrp5 levels correlated with fasting insulin, 2h-ins, fasting blood glucose, 2h post-glucose load blood glucose, HbA1c , and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. In addition, circulating Sfrp5 levels were closely associated with blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherosclerotic index. Circulating concentrations of Sfrp5 decreased progressively with continued increases in the numbers of MetS components. The analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that the best cutoff value for circulating Sfrp5 to predict MetS was 46.8μg/L (sensitivity 70.1 %, specificity 47.8 %, and AUC 0.66). We conclude that Sfrp5 may be an adipokine that is associated with the pathogenesis of MetS in humans.

Abstract P044: Male Sex Synergistically Interacts with Serum Corin on Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a key modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We previously found an increased level of serum corin in some metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. However, the association between serum corin and metabolic syndrome has not yet been studied in humans. Methods: We examined serum soluble corin using immunoassays for 2,498 Chinese adults free of CVD. Metabolic syndrome was defined as ≥ 3 components of the 5 metabolic abnormalities - raised blood pressure, increased triglycerides, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and central obesity. Logistic regression model was applied to examine the association of serum corin with metabolic syndrome adjusting for age, smoking, and drinking in men and women, respectively. Results: The mean age was 53 ± 9 years. Serum corin was significantly increased in participants with metabolic syndrome in both men (mean: 2457.8 vs . 2126.6 pg/mL, P &lt; 0.001) and women (mean: 1607.4 vs . 1515.2 pg/mL, P &lt; 0.001) compared with those without metabolic syndrome. Serum corin was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in both genders but this association appeared stronger in men (OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 4.16-1.96, P &lt; 0.001) than women (OR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.06-1.33, P = 0.003). The OR of metabolic syndrome for participants with male sex and high corin (&gt; median) was higher than the sum of ORs for those with either male sex or high corin only. About 42% (95%CI: 0.240-0.598) of metabolic syndrome risk could be attributed to the interaction between male sex and high corin. Conclusions: Serum corin is significantly and positively associated with metabolic syndrome and its individual components in Chinese adults. Male sex could synergistically interact with Corin on metabolic syndrome. The relationship between serum corin and metabolic syndrome warrants further investigation.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults in 2010-2012

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and distribution of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data on 104 098 men and women aged 18 years or above was gathered from 150 monitoring sites from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities from the China National Health and Nutrition Surveillance (2010-2012) Project. Data was randomly selected by multi-stage stratified and Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) cluster random sampling method. Prevalence of MS was defined under the diagnostic criteria of China Diabetes Society (CDS). Complex sampling weighing method was used with demographic data released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in 2009, when calculating the prevalence and its 95%CI of MS. Results: The overall prevalence rate of the MS among adults was 11.0%, more seen in urban than in rural areas, and in men than in women. The prevalence showed a parallel increasing trend with age. As was observed in the comparison between the prevalence of four components of MS, the prevalence rates of dyslipidemia (33.7%) and overweight or obesity (32.3%) showed more serious than in hypertension (22.4%) or hyperglycemia (16.2%). Conclusion: The prevalence of MS among adults in China showed an increasing trend which had already become a significant public health problem, in the country.

Dose-Response Relationship between Alanine Aminotransferase Levels within the Reference Interval and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults.

PurposeElevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels is a biomarker for metabolic syndrome (MS); however, the relationship has not been fully investigated within the reference interval of ALT levels. Our objective was to explore the relationship between serum ALT levels within the reference interval and MS in Chinese adults.Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 16028 adults, who attended routine health check-ups at Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital from January 2006 to March 2012. The reference interval of serum ALT level was defined as less than 40 U/L. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline were used to evaluate the association of ALT with MS.ResultsThe prevalence of MS in the total population was 13.7% (6.4% for females and 18.4% for males). Multiple logistic regression showed that ALT levels were positively associated with MS after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The odds ratio of MS in the top quartile was 4.830 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.980–7.829] in females and 3.168 (95% CI: 2.649–3.790) in males, compared with the ALT levels in the bottom quartile. The restricted cubic spline models revealed a positive non-linear dose-response relationship between ALT levels and the risk of MS in women (p for nonlinearity was 0.0327), but a positive linear dose-response relationship in men (p for nonlinearity was 0.0659).ConclusionSerum ALT levels within the reference interval are positively associated with MS in a dose-response manner. Elevated ALT levels, even within the reference interval, may reflect early dysmetabolic changes.

Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: a propensity score-matched case-control study.

Previous studies indicated that dietary patterns were associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), but little is known in Chinese. We design this case-control study to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and MS in Chinese adults. In this study, 1492 participants with MS were matched with 1492 controls using the 1:1 ratio propensity score matching methods. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and MS was defined in accordance with the criteria of the American Heart Association scientific statement of 2009. Higher scores for the high-protein/cholesterol pattern were associated with higher prevalence of MS. Compared with the participants in the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) for the extreme quartile was 1.36 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–1.68) and the P for trend <0.01 after adjusted for the other two dietary pattern scores. We also found a moderate consumption of the balanced pattern was associated with the lowest prevalence of MS. The ORs across quartiles of the balanced pattern were 1 (reference), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.68–1.02), 0.69 (95% CI, 0.56–0.85), and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.68–1.04) after adjustment. Our study demonstrates that there is a strong association between a diet rich in animal offal, animal blood, meat, and sausage and a higher prevalence of MS.

Knowledge of metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: Implications for health education

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of metabolic syndrome (MS) among Chinese adults and provide directions for designing healthcare promotion schemes for improving MS awareness in the community. Design: The study adopted a cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling method. Method: Chinese adults aged 18–65 years and living in the community completed a self-administered questionnaire, providing socio-demographic information and indicating their knowledge of MS using a validated knowledge of MS (K-MS) scale comprising 10 multiple-choice questions. The scores of K-MS can range from 0 to 100. Results: A total of 297 participants were recruited (mean age = 51.3 ± 8.9 years), 66.7% of whom were women. More than half of all participants ( n = 154) were identified as having MS and numerous participants were obese ( n = 158). The mean K-MS score was 44.9 out of 100; most participants (61%) scored below 50, indicating a poor level of MS knowledge. Participants who were older, had a lower level of education or were unemployed scored the lowest. Conclusion: Acquiring knowledge of MS is crucial for preventing the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, Chinese adults in a community setting exhibited poor understanding of MS. Public health efforts regarding primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases should be targeted at improving MS knowledge. Additional measures are needed to assist people in the low socioeconomic classes.

Are Microalbuminuria and Elevated 24 H Urinary Microalbumin Excretion within Normal Range Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults?

The association of microalbuminuria and elevated 24 h urinary microalbumin excretion (UAE) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been well examined in Chinese Adults. In the present study, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years in Shandong province in 2011 to determine the relationship between them. Data on 24 h UAE and other variables were obtained and components of MetS were examined. The prevalence of MetS and mean 24 h UAE was 24.7% and 6.7 mg, respectively. Compared with participants with normoalbuminuria, the odds of MetS and its components including central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose, but not the odds of low HDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides, significantly increased in those with microalbuminuria. Additionally, the odds of MetS and its three components significantly increased across increasing quartiles of 24 h UAE within normal range (1.00, 1.11, 1.02 and 1.58, respectively, for MetS; 1.00, 1.14, 1.21, and 1.68, respectively, for central obesity; 1.00, 1.35, 1.26 and 1.68, respectively, for elevated blood pressure; and 1.00, 1.32, 1.06 and 1.47, respectively, for elevated triglycerides; p for linear trend ≤0.05 for all). Furthermore, for each increment of 10 mg 24 h UAE within normal range, the odds of MetS and its components including central obesity, elevated blood pressure, and elevated triglycerides significantly increased by 53%, 65%, 55%, and 41%, respectively. These findings suggest that both microalbuminuria and elevated 24 h UAE within normal range might be important risk factors for MetS in Chinese adults.

Association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes and metabolic syndrome in Chinese men and women.

Evidence of an association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and metabolic syndrome (MS) is limited and inconsistent. We investigated the association between n-3 PUFAs in erythrocytes and the presence of MS in Chinese adults. The levels of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocytes were measured using gas chromatography in 3072 participants (900 men and 2172 women) aged 30-75 years from Guangzhou, China. Cardiometabolic factors were determined, and MS was defined using the updated Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Other covariates were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires. After adjusting for age and other confounders, higher levels of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs, including EPA, DPA, and DHA, were associated with a lower presence of metabolic syndrome in both men and women. The odds ratios (95 % confidence interval) for MS obtained by comparing extreme quartiles were 0.55 (0.35-0.88) (EPA), 0.54 (0.34-0.87) (DPA), 0.45 (0.27-0.73) (DHA), and 0.52 (0.32-0.84) (total n-3 PUFAs) in men (p trend <0.05 for all results); and 0.74 (0.56-0.99) (EPA), 0.73 (0.55-0.98) (DPA), 0.75 (0.56-1.02) (DHA), and 0.71 (0.53-0.96) (total n-3 PUFAs) in women, respectively. No significant association of ALA with MS was observed (p trend > 0.05). Higher levels of total n-3 PUFAs, EPA, DPA, and DHA, but not of ALA, in erythrocyte membranes are associated with a lower presence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults.

Association between 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: the Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) study.

The association of 24 h urinary Na and potassium excretion with the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been studied in China. The aim of the present study was to examine this association by analysing the data from 1906 study participants living in north China. To this end, 24 h urine samples were collected. Of the 1906 participants, 471 (24·7 %) had the MetS. The mean urinary Na and K excretion was 228·7 and 40·8 mmol/d, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the odds of the MetS significantly increased across the increasing tertiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·40 and 1·54, respectively). For the components of the MetS, the odds of central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated TAG, but not the odds of low HDL-cholesterol and elevated fasting glucose, significantly increased with the successive tertiles of urinary Na excretion. Furthermore, for every 100 mmol/d increase in urinary Na excretion, the odds of the MetS, central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated TAG was significantly increased by 29, 63, 22 and 21 %, respectively. However, urinary K excretion was not significantly associated with the risk of the MetS. These findings suggest that high Na intake might be an important risk factor for the MetS in Chinese adults.

Physical Fitness, Exercise And Metabolic Syndrome In Chinese Adults

Physical Fitness, Exercise And Metabolic Syndrome In Chinese Adults

Association between Serum Ferritin Levels and Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: A Population Study

Ferritin is a ubiquitous intracellular protein that can store and release iron and act as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload. Ferritin is widely used as a clinical biomarker to evaluate iron status. Increased serum ferritin concentrations have been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) features. However, serum ferritin concentrations differ significantly according to sex and ethnicity, and the data concerning the relationship between serum ferritin concentrations and MetS in Asian men and women are conflicting. This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum ferritin and MetS in Chinese population. Fasting blood samples and anthropometric data collected on 8,441 adults aged 18 and older in 2009 as part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a large-scale longitudinal, household-based survey in China. Data was collected by trained physicians and biomarkers were measured with Hitachi Clinical Autoanalyzer 7600 D model and P model. Median levels of serum ferritin were significantly higher in men compared with women (121.9 vs. 51.0 ng/ml, P < 0.001), and significantly lower in non metabolic syndrome population with MetS population (73.2 vs. 106.0 ng/ml, P < 0.001). The difference remained significant after further adjusted for age, nationality, Body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and alcohol consumption. For both men and women, the highest prevalence of MetS occurred in the highest quartile of serum ferritin. The odds ratios increased progressively across the ferritin quartiles (P<0.001 for trend). Increased serum ferritin concentrations are associated with the metabolic syndrome among men and women in China.