Introduction: precision nutritional epidemiology studies require the development of initiatives to obtain objective population data that enable the implementation of health strategies. Therefore, the integration of health determinants and risk factors is essential to ensure the quality of life associated with nutrition through the use of new health indicators such as nutritypes and nutritional indices. Objective: the aim of the PLENUFAR 7 project was to design and promote the use of nutritypes and nutritional indices, integrating metabolic variables and nutritional markers of the Spanish population through nutritional education. Methodology: the project was developed in two phases. The first phase involved training and evaluating healthcare professionals. The second phase recruited 5,496 volunteers, collecting information on health, habits, and quality of life. Machine learning tools were used to classify population subgroups through an algorithm, and quantitative nutritypes were employed to determine metabolic risks. Results: the nutritional indices indicated an adequate health status: MEDLIFE (9.3/21 p), HHS (13/100 %), and MHL (2.4/5 p). Additionally, five nutritypes were identified for the Spanish population based on dietary patterns and metabolic determinants: westernized millennial, healthy, active Mediterranean, dysmetabolic, and metabolically vulnerable. Conclusion: the Spanish population exhibits a Mediterranean lifestyle with westernized influences, maintaining good health. PLENUFAR 7 trained professionals to provide personalized dietary advice, considering habits and lifestyles, supported by advanced computational tools.

Molecular signature of early obesity-associated insulin resistance: Adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicle proteins reveal stage-specific candidates for metabolic dysfunction.

Substance use disorders and other mental health conditions often co-occur with metabolic disorders, suggesting shared biological underpinnings 1 . These heightened behavioral and physiological responses may have evolved to promote survival during resource scarcity but can become maladaptive in modern environments 2 . The genetic mechanisms linking these traits have remained elusive. Here, we show that a variable gene enhancer in mice jointly regulates genes encoding an epigenetic factor ( Eed ) and a mitochondrial enzyme ( Me3 ) thereby influencing propensity to addiction-related behaviors and mitochondrial function. We further identify variation in a corresponding enhancer in humans regulating EED and ME3 associated with substance use, psychiatric and metabolic disorders. These findings reveal a convergent genetic regulatory network linking mitochondrial biology to behavioral and metabolic risk, offering insight into how genetic variation in beneficial regulatory pathways can predispose individuals to substance use disorders and related conditions.

Aim: Emerging evidence suggests that rosacea may be associated with sleep disorders, alongside multiple systemic comorbidities. We aimed to evaluate sleep quality and obstructive sleep apnea risk in rosacea and their relationships with dermatology-specific quality of life. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, adults with rosacea (n=130) and controls (n=114) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), and, for patients, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Analyses used non-parametric tests, chi-square, Spearman correlations, and backward logistic regression. Results: Rosacea participants had higher global PSQI scores than controls (mean 6.21±3.42 vs 4.87±2.70; p=0.002) and more often met the poor-sleep threshold (PSQI>5: 63.1% vs 46.5%). BQ-defined high OSA risk did not differ significantly (30.8% vs 25.4%; p=0.356). Among patients, mean DLQI was 6.86±6.06; poor sleepers reported greater impairment (7.69±6.23 vs 5.47±5.56; p=0.021). In multivariable modeling, higher BMI (adjusted OR 1.078; p=0.006) and higher PSQI (OR 1.143; p=0.004) independently predicted rosacea status. PSQI and BQ did not differ by clinical subtype or severity. Conclusion: In this study, rosacea was associated with poorer subjective sleep without a parallel increase in questionnaire-defined OSA risk versus controls. Within rosacea, worse sleep related to higher dermatologic quality-of-life burden. Sleep health and metabolic risk appear actionable in rosacea care; incorporating brief sleep assessment, weight optimization, and selective OSA screening may support holistic management.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) frequently coexist due to shared risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. The interrelationship between these diseases carries important therapeutic implications, given the fact that both AF and CAD are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. In this review, we elucidate our current understanding of the epidemiological and pathophysiological links between AF and CAD, with particular focus on the impact of obesity, diabetes and systemic inflammation as common drivers. We discuss the implications for patient management, including antithrombotic therapy, lifestyle modifications and metabolic risk reduction. Beyond antithrombotic therapy, we highlight the importance of rate and rhythm control strategies in case of coexisting of AF and CAD. Novel pharmacological approaches for patients with CAD and type 2 diabetes, such as GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitors, provide additional cardiometabolic benefits by reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Finally we propose a framework for integrated management of AF and CAD that aligns with contemporary guidelines and emerging evidence. This holistic approach, including metabolic risk factor modification, represents a paradigm shift in the care of patients with both AF and CAD.

Integrated TyG index and eGDR measure enhances stroke risk stratification in early cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: A prospective national cohort analysis.

Associations of sociodemographic factors, healthy habits, and weight stigma with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk in obese workers: Findings from a large occupational cohort.

Impact of high sugar intake on neurobehavioral, oxidative, and hepatic integrity in mice exposed to simulated chronic jetlag/shiftwork.

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Profiles in Female Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Prevalence and risk factors of early gestational diabetes mellitus (EGDM) in Indians: The STRiDE study.

Introduction: Fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in tissues due to abnormal wound healing, leading to organ dysfunction and high morbidity and mortality across multiple organs. Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae), commonly known as the Chinese chaste tree or "Huangjing," is an aromatic shrub native to South and Southeast Asia, China, Japan, and East Africa. It is widely recognised in traditional medicine systems for its diverse pharmacological actions. The plant exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial properties. These effects are primarily attributed to its rich phytochemical constituents, such as luteolin, casticin, and negundoside. Owing to its multifaceted bioactivity, Vitex negundo serves as a promising source for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Aim: To evaluate the antifibrotic potential of Vitex negundo bioactive compounds through in-silico methods, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) profile analysis, focusing on their interaction with key fibrotic signaling pathways. Materials and Methods: This in-silico analysis was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, over a period of one month, from June 2025 to July 2025. The study focused on the molecular docking of casticin, luteolin, and negundoside with TGFβR1 and SMAD3. Optimised ligand and protein structures were sourced from public databases, and ADMET properties were predicted using SWISSADME and ProTox 3.0. Molecular docking (AutoDock Vina) and visualisation (PyMOL) were used to assess binding, while 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations (AMBER ff19SB) evaluated complex stability using Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Molecular Mechanics/Generalised Born Surface Area (MM/ GBSA) binding energy calculations. Results: Casticin, luteolin, and negundoside from Vitex negundo showed strong binding to TGFβR1 and moderate to strong binding to SMAD3, with casticin having the highest affinities. Molecular dynamics confirmed stable, rigid proteinligand complexes for casticin and luteolin. ADMET analysis indicated high gastrointestinal absorption and low toxicity for all three compounds; however, casticin and luteolin may cause drug-drug interactions due to Cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition, while negundoside showed lower absorption but minimal metabolic risk. Conclusion: Vitex negundo demonstrates significant antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrotic activities. These findings support its potential as a safe and effective therapeutic agent with anti-inflammatory properties, justifying further investigation into its antifibrotic activity

Cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) syndrome is an emerging nosological entity that reflects the interaction between metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disorders. In recent years, it has attracted particular interest, as it appears to be associated with a growing incidence of cardiovascular events, progression of kidney disease, and mortality. The fact that the syndrome has a complex pathophysiology, multiple risk factors, and deleterious effects on different organs and systems necessitates an interdisciplinary approach to its management. Pharmacological agents with positive effects on different components of CRM syndrome, such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have recently been added to our pharmacological arsenal. However, these treatments are underprescribed and used at disproportionately low rates given the significant benefits they offer and the strong level of evidence supporting them, highlighting the need for greater vigilance among physicians regarding the recognition and treatment of the syndrome. This article provides recent data on the definition, pathophysiology, staging, and diagnosis of CRM syndrome and the holistic management of affected patients.

Treatment approaches for alcohol use disorder with metabolic dysfunction.

Physical frailty and sarcopenia are increasingly associated with morbidity and 2-fold mortality in patients with advanced chronic liver disease awaiting liver transplantation (LT). Furthermore, they significantly affect post-LT recovery and patients' ability to return to independent daily living, including employment. The increased prevalence of metabolic risk factors (ie, obesity, diabetes) and the aging population have contributed to the prevalence of physical frailty and the complexity of the multidisciplinary team decision-making that surrounds LT. Therefore, it is essential that physical frailty is identified early in the LT clinical pathway to provide targeted nutritional (1.2-2.0 g/kg protein intake, pancreatic exocrine replacement therapy) and individualized exercise (both aerobic and resistance) interventions in the form of (p)rehabilitation. A variety of clinical tools currently exist to assess the nutritional status of LT recipients, sarcopenia, and physical frailty, including patient questionnaires (ie, Royal Free Hospital Global Assessment, Duke Activity Status Index), easy-to-use "by the bedside" tests (ie, liver frailty index, 6-min walk test), and the more specialist investigations (ie, computer tomography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing). This overview aims to briefly summarize these tools, focusing on their varying ease of use, accessibility, and efficacy in a field that lacks consensus and continuity among LT centers. In addition, the overview highlights the benefits and future challenges of implementing pre- and post-LT rehabilitation programmes.

Effect of extraction methods on Lyophyllum decastes crude polysaccharides for modifying wheat starch pasting, rheology, and in vitro digestibility.

Introduction: the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adults aged 25–40 years in Latin America has emerged as a significant public health challenge, driven by lifestyle and metabolic risk factors. Evaluating the real-world effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents within primary health care (PHC) systems is essential to inform therapeutic strategies and improve glycemic control in this population. This study aimed to assess metabolic outcomes and treatment associations among young adults with T2DM managed in PHC settings in northern Chile. Method : a retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted using 500 electronic medical records from patients aged 25–40 years diagnosed with T2DM and treated between 2021 and 2023 across eight family health centers (CESFAM) in Antofagasta, Chile. The primary outcome was glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary analyses examined relationships between treatment type, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities including dyslipidemia, hypertension, and depression. Results: among all patients, 71,6 % were overweight and 28,4 % obese. Comorbidities were documented as 57,4 %, dyslipidemia (43,5 %), hypertension (27,9 %), and depression (18,8 %). The most common therapies were metformin monotherapy (84 %) and metformin plus glibenclamide (14,8 %). Mean HbA1c values remained unchanged between 2021 (8,91 ± 0,57) and 2022 (8,92 ± 0,55) but improved significantly in 2023 (7,41 ± 0,28), although international glycemic targets were not met. Conclusions: oral hypoglycemic therapy in PHC settings was partially effective in improving glycemic control among young adults with T2DM. These findings underscore the need for broader pharmacological options, enhanced follow-up, and reinforcing patient education within Chile’s primary care system.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome affects approximately 90% of US adults, arising from the convergence of metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These conditions create self-reinforcing cycles of multiorgan damage, substantially increasing mortality risk. The American Heart Association's 2023 staging framework stratifies CKM from stage 0 (no risk factors) through stage 4 (clinical CVD with persistent metabolic dysfunction), informing stage-specific interventions. This review synthesizes current evidence on CKM epidemiology, pathophysiology, and disease trajectories. Population-based studies reveal that stage 2 (metabolic risk factors or early CKD) represents the most prevalent category, affecting nearly half of adults in Western cohorts. Progression occurs in 34% of stage 1 individuals, with each stage transition conferring an incrementally higher cardiovascular mortality risk. We describe the biological cascade linking dysfunctional adiposity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction to renal and cardiac damage, emphasizing bidirectional organ cross talk and the emerging role of hepatic pathology [metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)] in CKM progression. Finally, we examine stage-specific interventions, from lifestyle modification and weight-loss pharmacotherapy (GLP-1 agonists and dual agonists) in early stages to multidrug cardiorenal protection [sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade] in advanced disease. This framework allows targeted risk stratification and evidence-based management to interrupt CKM trajectories and improve population health outcomes.

The effect of switching antipsychotics to aripiprazole versus paliperidone on weight/cardiometabolic parameters: 18-month follow-up findings from the European Long-acting Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia Trial (EULAST).

Type D personality and metabolic syndrome severity jointly predict 2-year MACE after acute coronary syndrome: A prospective cohort study.

Globally rising metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence underscores the need to understand component changes, especially in China's aging population. This study projects metabolic burden trends from 2000-2030 in Chinese children and adolescents using overweight/obesity (OWOB) and hypertension (HTN) as markers, addressing a critical knowledge gap. Analyzing data from three adult surveys (n=38,725) and five national student surveys (n=1,106,416), we found a 100% increase in adult MS cases, driven primarily by rising high blood pressure, blood glucose, and waist circumference. Projections for 2030 indicate a 34.4% decline in the youth population but a 180.6% surge in OWOB and a 131.5% increase in HTN cases. A significant negative correlation was found between the Population Development Index (PDI) and metabolic risk. Decomposition analysis confirmed rising prevalence as the main driver of increasing case numbers, partially offset by population decline. We conclude that China's deteriorating adult metabolic health, reflected in worsening pediatric trends, portends a rising non-communicable disease burden, demanding urgent public health resource allocation.