Metadata Application Research Articles

Applied Hedge Algebra Approach with Multilingual Large Language Models to Extract Hidden Rules in Datasets for Improvement of Generative AI Applications

Generative AI applications have played an increasingly significant role in real-time tracking applications in many domains including, for example, healthcare, consultancy, dialog boxes (common types of window in a graphical user interface of operating systems), monitoring systems, and emergency response. This paper considers generative AI and presents an approach which combines hedge algebra and a multilingual large language model to find hidden rules in big data for ChatGPT. We present a novel method for extracting natural language knowledge from large datasets by leveraging fuzzy sets and hedge algebra to extract these rules, presented in meta data for ChatGPT and generative AI applications. The proposed model has been developed to minimize the computational and staff costs for medium-sized enterprises which are typically resource and time limited. The proposed model has been designed to automate question–response interactions for rules extracted from large data in a multiplicity of domains. The experimental results show that the proposed model performs well using datasets associated with specific domains in healthcare to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The ChatGPT application in case studies of healthcare is tested using datasets for English and Vietnamese languages. In comparative experimental testing, the proposed model outperformed the state of the art, achieving in the range of 96.70–97.50% performance using a heart dataset.

Metadata application profile as a mechanism for semantic interoperability in FAIR and open data publishing

Application profiles, also known as metadata application profiles, are customised collections of vocabularies adapted from various namespaces and tailored for specific local applications. These profiles act as constrainers and explainers for the (meta)data. Semantic interoperability is the ability of computer systems to exchange data in a mutually understandable manner, facilitating data sharing across diverse platforms and applications without compromising its meaning. As a critical component of semantic interoperability, application profiles enforce semantics to (meta)data, enhancing its openness, interoperability, and reusability. This study assesses the feasibility of representing a comprehensive application profile in a format aligned with the semantic web, ensuring interoperability between profiles and datasets. Dublin Core Description Set Profiles (DSP) is adapted as the modeling framework for metadata application profiles, steering the associated datasets toward RDF compliance. The research outcomes include “Yet Another Metadata Application Profiles” (YAMA) as a preprocessor grounded in the DSP framework for developing and managing metadata application profiles. YAMA facilitates the generation of various standard formats of application profiles, ensuring they are represented in human-readable documentation, machine-actionable forms, and even data validation languages. A data mapping extension to YAMA is proposed to ensure the semantic interoperability of open data, bridging non-RDF data structures to RDF, thus enabling the publication of 5-star open data. This ensures smooth dataset integration and the creation of linkable, semantically rich open datasets. The work emphasizes the pivotal role of application profiles in fortifying the semantic interoperability of (meta)data, thereby elevating dataset openness.

Implementation and Maintenance of FAST as Linked Data in a Digital Collections Platform at University of Victoria Libraries

University of Victoria Libraries has implemented faceted vocabularies, particularly FAST, in its digital collections platform (Vault). The process involved migrating a variety of standardized (pre-coordinated Library of Congress subject headings) and non-standardized metadata to conform to a URI-centric metadata application profile. The authors argue that faceted vocabularies and FAST have helped to create a robust and intuitive user navigation in the platform and allowed for an efficient and straightforward metadata creation process. Maintaining FAST as linked data within Vault has required putting in place some technical processes to keep URIs and textual labels up to date and solutions (FAST Updater) have been locally developed.

Metadata Application Profiles in U. S. Academic Libraries: A Document Analysis

This paper describes a document analysis of 24 metadata application profiles (MAPs) used by academic libraries in the United States. The MAPs under study were collected from (a) the DLF AIG Metadata Application Profile Clearinghouse and (b) a Google search of .edu domains. Data collection and analysis took place between December 2020 and February 2021. While most of the MAPs under review provided metadata guidelines for digital collections, a small number were intended for institutional repositories or research data management. The study’s findings reveal MAP features and content, usage of controlled vocabularies and standards, and other characteristics pertaining to MAP document scope, contents and format in this context. In addition to its discussion of the literature, the paper’s findings should help metadata specialists and others involved in digital collection management gain insights useful in the development or revision of their own metadata documentation. Further, these findings offer a current glimpse of metadata application practices among U.S. academic libraries generally.

Metadata Schema for Managing Digital Data and Images of Thai Human Skulls

This research was aimed at developing metadata that meets international standards for the purpose of managing digital data and images of Thai human skulls for medical studies. The research was conducted by applying the Metadata Lifecycle Model of the Metadata Architecture and Application Team. The model comprises four steps: requirement assessment and content analysis, identification of metadata requirements, metadata schema development, and metadata service and evaluation. The research outcome was a metadata schema composed of four modules, seven data element sets, and 29 pieces of data, each of which had six sets of property descriptions. Metadata evaluation conducted by three specialists in the field of anatomy and forensic medicine and three experts in the field of information science and metadata through free retrieval based on the Continuum of Metadata Quality in four aspects revealed that the experts were satisfied with the quality of metadata at a very high level: 100% for completeness, accuracy, and accessibility, and 94% for conformance to expectations. The developed metadata contain details that can be used to describe the characteristics of human skulls, with consideration taken in the development of the language used, retrieval, access, data exchange, and sharing. Thus, this novel metadata schema can be of use in management of digital data and images of human skulls for the purposes of medical studies, i.e., human anatomy and forensic anthropology.

MetaFAIR: A Metadata Application Profile for Managing Research Data

AbstractThis paper reports on the development of a metadata application profile (AP), MetaFAIR, designed to support research data management (RDM) to make research data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. The development of MetaFAIR followed a three‐step process that included learning about the characteristics of datasets from researchers to establish their context and requirements, as well as iterative design and testing with researchers' feedback. Guided by the FAIR principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability), MetaFAIR focuses on accommodating description needs particular to computational social science datasets while seeking to provide general enough elements to describe data collections across many different domains. In this paper, MetaFAIR is placed in the context of historical and recent developments in the areas of RDM and application profile creation; following this contextualization, the paper describes the central considerations and challenges of the MetaFAIR development process and discusses its significance for future work in RDM.

Decentralized geospatial metadata management

Metadata descriptions are typically monolithic data structures and their denormalized, text-based nature yields shortcomings such as inconsistencies and heterogeneities. Moreover, fluidity of research environments, coupled with single-tenancy of metadata descriptions, impedes enforcing authority on the related datasets effectively. We propose a novel paradigm for metadata articulation, delegation, that helps solve the aforementioned issues. After elaborating on the requirements to this practice, we present two worked-out implementation examples in the domain of geospatial metadata and discuss its advantages with respect to key issues in this domain; namely, metadata consistency, interoperability, and mitigating semantic heterogeneity. The technique and the supporting software we present are equally applicable to any XML-based metadata schema and application domain.

Attention: there is an inconsistency between android permissions and application metadata!

Since mobile applications make our lives easier, there is a large number of mobile applications customized for our needs in the application markets. While the application markets provide us a platform for downloading applications, it is also used by malware developers in order to distribute their malicious applications. In Android, permissions are used to prevent users from installing applications that might violate the users’ privacy by raising their awareness. From the privacy and security point of view, if the functionality of applications is given in sufficient detail in their descriptions, then the requirement of requested permissions could be well-understood. This is defined as description-to-permission fidelity in the literature. In this study, we propose two novel models that address the inconsistencies between the application descriptions and the requested permissions. The proposed models are based on the current state-of-art neural architectures called attention mechanisms. Here, we aim to find the permission statement words or sentences in app descriptions by using the attention mechanism along with recurrent neural networks. The lack of such permission statements in application descriptions creates a suspicion. Hence, the proposed approach could assist in static analysis techniques in order to find suspicious apps and to prioritize apps for more resource intensive analysis techniques. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves high accuracy.

Work in Progress: The PCC Task Group on Metadata Application Profiles

The Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) Task Group on Metadata Application Profiles was convened in May 2019 to help the PCC understand issues and practices associated with the management of metadata application profiles. Their work, discussed here, will guide future decisions and implementations of metadata application profiles in cataloging.

Class Focused Approach to Research Outputs and Policy Literature Metadata

Successful research object sharing requires that systems and users understand the structure, semantics and rules that govern a given research object collection.
 A number of metadata standards define ontologies and vocabularies for consistent expression of research object semantics. Supporting, clarifying and sometimes extending these standards are metadata application profiles (MAPs). MAPs play a key role defining metadata element cardinality and data types. MAPs may also mandate or recommend controlled vocabularies, where metadata standards have not already mentioned these in formal range declarations, encoding schemes and semantics that are to be consumed by external systems. MAPs also guide design options for in-house systems and workflows. In this paper, development of a draft MAP for grey-literature policy and research collections is discussed. A focus of the discussion is the considerations around selection and adoption of metadata standards given the research data and literature communities in the APO stakeholder map.
 This paper presents a work-in-progress version of a Dublin Core Application Profile (DCAP) candidate. The Analysis & Policy Observatory Metadata Application Profile (APO-MAP) takes research object class structure as a starting point and considers class model options, especially given the availability of registry services and Persistent Indenter (PID) systems. The discussion finds that MAP development progresses towards a best fit that balances the need to adopt widely supported standards, local business drivers, and community acceptance.

TR-Model. A Metadata Profile Application for Personal Data Transparency

People's usage of social networks, mobile applications, websites, sensor networks and other computer systems leads to a massive production of personal data about their behaviors and preferences. Personal data are used by organizations in business and marketing tasks. However, details about personal data usage are often not accessible or clear to data subject, raising concerns about privacy and security. Presentation of information about personal data usage needs improvement towards Personal Data Transparency. Thus, this paper aims to present the TR-Model, a Metadata Application Profile guideline that intends to propose a standardization on information to be considered minimally necessary to Personal Data Transparency as well as a set of specifications to guide developers on how to present this data. TR-Model elements are focused providing Personal Data Transparency in a user-friendly and high quality format. TR-Model presents a set of specification based on entities, metadata, metaevents and descriptions. The model evaluation was based on user testing in several scenarios of usage of personal data in a gym application tool. The information presented was created based on the TR-Model metadata, metaevents and descriptions. Participants evaluated transparency considering dimensions of Human-Computer Interaction and Information Quality. Participants' opinions were recorded in surveys and analyzed with descriptive statistics; the results indicate that the TR-Model was effective in supporting the production of friendly, understandable and relevant Transparency for data subjects, in compliance with regulations like GDPR.

Performance Analysis of Compression Techniques for Chronic Wound Image Transmission Under Smartphone-Enabled Tele-Wound Network

The healing status of chronic wounds is important for monitoring the condition of the wounds. This article designs and discusses the implementation of smartphone-enabled compression technique under a tele-wound network (TWN) system. Nowadays, there is a huge demand for memory and bandwidth savings for clinical data processing. Wound images are captured using a smartphone through a metadata application page. Then, they are compressed and sent to the telemedical hub with a set partitioning in hierarchical tree (SPIHT) compression algorithm. The transmitted image can then be reduced, followed by an improvement in the segmentation accuracy and sensitivity. Better wound healing treatment depends on segmentation and classification accuracy. The proposed framework is evaluated in terms of rates (bits per pixel), compression ratio, peak signal to noise ratio, transmission time, mean square error and diagnostic quality under telemedicine framework. A SPIHT compression technique assisted YDbDr-Fuzzy c-means clustering considerably reduces the execution time (105s), is simple to implement, saves memory (18 KB), improves segmentation accuracy (98.39%), and yields better results than the same without using SPIHT. The results favor the possibility of developing a practical smartphone-enabled telemedicine system and show the potential for being implemented in the field of clinical evaluation and the management of chronic wounds in the future.

Provenance description of metadata application profiles for long-term maintenance of metadata schemas

PurposeProvenance information is crucial for consistent maintenance of metadata schemas over time. The purpose of this paper is to propose a provenance model named DSP-PROV to keep track of structural changes of metadata schemas.Design/methodology/approachThe DSP-PROV model is developed through applying the general provenance description standard PROV of the World Wide Web Consortium to the Dublin Core Application Profile. Metadata Application Profile of Digital Public Library of America is selected as a case study to apply the DSP-PROV model. Finally, this paper evaluates the proposed model by comparison between formal provenance description in DSP-PROV and semi-formal change log description in English.FindingsFormal provenance description in the DSP-PROV model has advantages over semi-formal provenance description in English to keep metadata schemas consistent over time.Research limitations/implicationsThe DSP-PROV model is applicable to keep track of the structural changes of metadata schema over time. Provenance description of other features of metadata schema such as vocabulary and encoding syntax are not covered.Originality/valueThis study proposes a simple model for provenance description of structural features of metadata schemas based on a few standards widely accepted on the Web and shows the advantage of the proposed model to conventional semi-formal provenance description.

Relationships between metadata application and downloads in an institutional repository of an American law school

Relationships between metadata application and downloads in an institutional repository of an American law school

다문화 구성원을 위한 학습자원 메타데이터 응용표준 프로파일

한국은 최근 급속도로 다문화 사회로 변모해 가고 있으며, 2015년 기준 다문화 가족수는 전체 인구의 3.5%, 80만명을 넘어서고 있다. 또한, 2016년 기준 국제결혼비율이 10%를 넘어서고 있어 다문화 가족수는 꾸준히 늘어날 전망이다. 이 연구는 한국 사회에 적응해야 하는 결혼이주여성들과 다문화 가족 구성원들의 필요와 선호에 맞춘 학습자원과 콘텐츠를 제공하기 위한 기반 조성의 일환으로 메타데이터 표준 프로파일을 설계한 것이다. 연구 추진 필요성을 검증하기 위해 소비자 집단을 선별하여 심층인터뷰를 가졌으며, 메타데이터 표준 프로파일 설계를 위해 공적 표준으로 채택된 관련 국제표준과 한국의 국가표준 시리즈를 분석하였다. 이어서 다문화 구성원을 위한 콘텐츠 특성을 분석하여 필요한 메타데이터 요소들을 선별하여 프로파일로 구성하였으며, 콘텐츠 제작자들의 요구를 반영하여 필수와 선택 조건들을 정의하였다. 본 연구는 결혼이주여성들의 교육 수요를 분석하여, 한-한 변환 시스템, 맞춤형 학습콘텐츠 추천 서비스, 학습관리시스템(Learning Management System) 등 효과적인 교육 콘텐츠를 개발하고 서비스하기 위해 필요한 메타데이터 표준안으로 기반을 조성했다는 점과 향후 교육과정의 주제별 서비스를 위해서도 자원이 노출될 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. Korea is rapidly becoming a multicultural society in recent years, and the number of multicultural families in 2015 exceeds 3.5% and 800,000. Also, as international marriage rate exceeds 10% by 2016, the number of multicultural families is expected to steadily increase. This study is a design of a metadata application profile as part of the foundation for providing learning resources and content tailored to the needs and preferences of married immigrant women and multicultural family members who need to adapt to Korean society. In order to verify the necessity of the research, we conducted an in-depth interview by screening consumer groups, and analyzed the relevant international and Korean national standards as de-jure standards for the design of metadata standard profiles. Then, we analyzed the contents characteristics for multicultural members, and organized the necessary metadata elements into profiles. We defined the mandatory/optional conditions to reflect the needs of content providers. This study is meaningful in that the study analyzes the educational needs of married immigrant women and presents the necessary metadata standards to develop and service effective educational content, such as korean-to-korean conversion system, personalized learning contents recommendation service, and learning management system.

Approach for Forming the Bionic Ontology

In this paper we present our considerations about metadata and ontology application for raising the quality of pertinent information resources retrieval. Main aspects of ontology formation are discussed and the outcome fragment is presented.

The Importance of Interoperability: Lessons from the Digital Public Library of America

ABSTRACTThe Digital Public Library of America enables the discovery of digitized content held by the U.S. cultural heritage institutions by aggregating metadata contributed from participating organizations. Significant interoperability issues exist when gathering metadata at a national scale, which the Digital Public Library of America mitigates through use of its metadata application profile. In its latest release, the metadata application profile permits the storage of uniform resource identifiers, helping the Digital Public Library of America make the move to linked open data. This article examines these Digital Public Library of America developments through a case study of the Missouri Hub, which facilitates the aggregation of metadata from Missouri-based institutions into the Digital Public Library of America.

Metadata quality in learning object repositories: a case study

Purpose – This paper aims to address the issue of poor quality of metadata records describing educational content in Learning Object Repositories (LORs). Through this, it aims to improve the discoverability of learning objects in such LORs through a structured process that supports metadata creation. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a proposed metadata quality assessment certification process for LORs. The process was designed as a generic approach that may be customized to fit various application domains. Findings – Initial results from the application of the process in the context of a specific LOR report an improvement of the quality of about 11,000 metadata records. More specifically, metadata completeness for all metadata elements used in the repository under examination was significantly improved from 30 percent to 85 percent. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of the findings is that they come from the application of the proposed process on a relatively small repository, which does not allow safe generalizations without further experimental study in bigger ones where resources and requirements scale up. Practical implications – This paper addresses implications for the development of a repository in the educational domain, identifying issues related to the metadata application profile, the support to domain experts and the mechanisms that may be put in place to support metadata creation. Originality/value – The value and also the originality of the approach presented lies within the fact the proposed approach quantifies issues related to metadata creation and management by studying actions and perceptions of stakeholders who are involved in the repository lifecycle.

A panoramic view on metadata application profiles of the last decade

This paper describes a study developed with the goal to understand the panorama of the metadata Application Profiles AP: i what AP have been developed so far; ii what type of institutions have developed these AP; iii what are the application domains of these AP; iv what are the Metadata Schemes MS used by these AP; v what application domains have been producing MS; vi what are the Syntax Encoding Schemes SES and the Vocabulary Encoding Schemes VES used by these AP; and finally vii if these AP have followed the Singapore Framework SF. We found i 74 AP; ii the AP are mostly developed by the scientific community, iii the 'Learning Objects' domain is the most intensive producer; iv Dublin Core metadata vocabularies are the most used and are being used in all domains of application and IEEE LOM is the second most used but only inside the 'Learning Objects' application domain; v the most intensive producer of MS is the domain of 'Libraries and Repositories'; vi 13 distinct SES and 90 distinct VES were used; vi five of the 74 AP found follow the SF.

Using metadata formats and AGROVOC thesaurus for data description in the agrarian sector

The paper deals with a general solution of semantic description related to various electronic data formats in the domains of agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, food industry, environment, horticulture and rural areas. The solution presented was developed on the basis of metadata formats analysis and then complemented with its own software superstructure. It is based on the VOA<sup>3</sup>R metadata application profile (AP) that was developed within the framework of the Virtual Open Access Agriculture and Aquaculture Repository project for the sake of describing research papers and scientific publications. However, thanks to its complexity and comprehensiveness, it is also suitable for different kinds of data and while combining it with the AGROVOC thesaurus, which is elaborated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, it can become a robust and universal tool for data characteristics and semantic description. The potential of the proposed solution is illustrated by means of two examples. While the first example brings a metadata description of a photograph depicting anthocyanin pigmentation of barley straw caused by phosphorus deficiency, the second example is related to a research paper description. The developed system of metadata description is broadly applicable in agriculture such as in precision agriculture, in plant production or in ground cover monitoring and evaluation based on sensor or visual data.