Meningiomas In Women Research Articles

Lifestyle and metabolic factors affect risk for meningioma in women: a prospective population-based study (The Cohort of Norway).

Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor, with a clear preponderance in women. Obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of meningioma. Obesity is also the clinical hallmark of metabolic syndrome, characterized by glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Lifestyle and metabolic factors directly impact overweight and obesity and are therefore potential risk factors for meningioma development. The aim of this study is to assess lifestyle and metabolic factors for meningioma risk in women. The Cohort of Norway (CONOR) is a nationwide health survey, conducted between 1994 and 2003, including anthropometric measures, blood tests, and health questionnaires. Linkage to the National Cancer Registry enabled the identification of intracranial meningioma during follow-up until December 2018. A total of 81,652 women were followed for a combined total of 1.5 million years, and 238 intracranial meningiomas were identified. Increasing levels of physical activity (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68-0.96; p trend <0.02) and parity (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.71-0.97; p trend <0.03) were negatively associated with meningioma risk. Diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance increased the risk for meningioma (HR 2.54; 95% CI 1.60-4.05). Overweight and obesity were not associated with meningioma risk, nor was metabolic syndrome. However, participants without metabolic dysfunction had a reduced meningioma risk, while participants with all five metabolic factors present had a 4-fold risk increase for meningioma (HR 4.28; 95% CI 1.34-13.68). Lifestyle factors seem to significantly influence meningioma risk. However, disentangling the complex associations and interactions between factors for meningioma risk will be a challenging task for future studies.

Changes in incidence trends of meningioma in Finland, 1990–2017: analysis of Finnish Cancer Registry data

Background Meningiomas are the most common primary neoplasm of the central nervous system. Previous research on the incidence of meningioma in Finland showed an increase in the age-standardized incidence rate over three decades (1968–1997). In this study, we analysed meningioma incidence in Finland during 1990–2017. Materials and methods Data on 9842 meningioma patients were obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry, and population size by calendar year, sex, and age group from Statistics Finland. The European Standard Population was used to calculate age-standardized incidence rates. Poisson regression was used to evaluate differences by sex and age, and joinpoint regression to examine changes in trend. Results At the beginning of the study period, the age-standardized incidence of meningioma for men was 2.35/100,000 and for women 6.96/100,000. In the end, it was 4.09/100,000 and 10.19/100,000, respectively. The annual percent change (APC) for women was +4.6 (95% confidence interval, CI 3.10 to 6.20) from 1990 to 2001 and −1.0 (95% CI −1.70 to −0.30) from 2001 to 2017. For men, the APC was +3.1 (95% CI 0.80–5.40) during 1990–2002 and −0.9 (95% CI −2.10 to 0.30) in 2002–2017. The incidence of meningioma in women was 2.8 times higher than in men (rate ratio 2.81; 95% CI 2.68–2.94). Conclusions Meningioma incidence increased in both sexes from 1990, but the trend reversed in 2001–2002. Medical imaging or risk factors do not appear to explain the changes.

Metabolic Factors, Life-style and Risk for Meningioma in Women: Results from the Cohort of Norway (CONOR)

Metabolic Factors, Life-style and Risk for Meningioma in Women: Results from the Cohort of Norway (CONOR)

A decreased risk of meningioma in women smokers was only observed in American studies rather than studies conducted in other countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundWhether smoking is related to a decreased risk of meningioma in women is still controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between smoking and risk of meningiomas in women.MethodsTwo authors independently performed a systematic literature review in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. We identified case-control and cohort studies quantifying associations between smoking and risk of meningioma in women. A meta-analysis by pooling studies was performed according to the multivariate-adjusted risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) preferentially. We further conducted additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore possible explanations of the results.ResultsA total of seven observational studies were included, with a total of 2132 female patients diagnosed with meningiomas. Ever smoking was associated with a significantly reduced risk of meningioma in women, with pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.83 (95% CI 0.70–0.98). Similar findings were noted for current (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66–0.93) and past (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.94) smokers. However, considering the areas, the OR of ever smoking was 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.87) in three American studies, but 0.99 (95% CI 0.73–1.35) in four studies conducted in other countries.ConclusionsBased on limited epidemiological evidence, a decreased risk of meningioma in women smokers was only observed in American studies rather than studies conducted in other countries.

Use of high dose cyproterone acetate and risk of intracranial meningioma in women: cohort study

Abstract Objective To assess the risk of meningioma associated with use of high dose cyproterone acetate, a progestogen indicated for clinical hyperandrogenism. Design Observational cohort study. Setting Data from SNDS, the French administrative healthcare database, between 2007 and 2015. Participants 253 777 girls and women aged 7-70 years living in France who started cyproterone acetate between 2007 and 2014. Participants had at least one reimbursement for high dose cyproterone acetate and no history of meningioma or benign brain tumour, or long term disease status. Participants were considered to be exposed when they had received a cumulative dose of at least 3 g during the first six months (139 222 participants) and very slightly exposed (control group) when they had received a cumulative dose of less than 3 g (114 555 participants). 10 876 transgender participants (male to female) were included in an additional analysis. Main outcome measure Surgery (resection or decompression) or radiotherapy for one or more intracranial meningiomas. Results Overall, 69 meningiomas in the exposed group (during 289 544 person years of follow-up) and 20 meningiomas in the control group (during 439 949 person years of follow-up) were treated by surgery or radiotherapy. The incidence of meningioma in the two groups was 23.8 and 4.5 per 100 000 person years, respectively (crude relative risk 5.2, 95% confidence interval 3.2 to 8.6; adjusted hazard ratio 6.6, 95% confidence interval 4.0 to 11.1). The adjusted hazard ratio for a cumulative dose of cyproterone acetate of more than 60 g was 21.7 (10.8 to 43.5). After discontinuation of cyproterone acetate for one year, the risk of meningioma in the exposed group was 1.8-fold higher (1.0 to 3.2) than in the control group. In a complementary analysis, 463 women with meningioma were observed among 123 997 already using cyproterone acetate in 2006 (risk of 383 per 100 000 person years in the group with the highest exposure in terms of cumulative dose). Meningiomas located in the anterior skull base and middle skull base, particularly the medial third of the middle skull base, involving the spheno-orbital region, appeared to be specific to cyproterone acetate. An additional analysis of transgender participants showed a high risk of meningioma (three per 14 460 person years; 20.7 per 100 000 person years). Conclusions A strong dose-effect relation was observed between use of cyproterone acetate and risk of intracranial meningiomas. A noticeable reduction in risk was observed after discontinuation of treatment.

MULTIPLE PRIMARY SYNCHRONOUS NEOPLASMS OF THE SIGMOID COLON AND BREAST IN COMBINATION WITH SPINAL CORD MENINGIOMA. CLINICAL CASE

The incidence of multiple primary oncological diseases ranges from 2.4% to 17%. The main causes of primary multiple diseases include factors related to the patient's lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors, as well as factors related to the comprehensive treatment of previously identified malignant diseases.We demonstrate a clinical case of treatment of a patient with synchronous primary multiple cancer of the sigmoid colon and breast in combination with spinal cord meningioma. An interesting fact is the possible correlation between meningioma and breast cancer. Thus, the risk of meningioma in women who have had breast cancer and the risk of breast cancer in women with a history of meningioma is moderately increased (RR = 1.40-1.64 and 1.54, respectively). This two-way statistical association may be a consequence of common risk factors and a partial coincidence of gene-environmental interactions that determine carcinogenesis. Further research is needed to identify problems of prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment and disease-free survival. It is important that patients diagnosed with cancer have information about possible late and long-term consequences of treatment and its symptoms, as well as possible signs of relapse and the appearance of secondary tumors. It is important that patients receiving treatment for malignant neoplasms follow the recommendations for cancer prevention and early detection, including smoking cessation, physical activity, nutrition and diet, a healthy weight and all standard cancer screening tests.

A meta-analysis of active smoking and risk of meningioma.

INTRODUCTIONCigarette smoking has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for meningioma. However, the results of studies exploring the relationship between smoking exposure and the occurrence of meningioma are inconsistent.METHODSA search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Science Direct (up to June 2020) databases was performed. Two authors independently extracted the data. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was employed for judging the quality of articles. A random-effects model was utilized for meta-analysis. Association analysis between smoking and meningioma was based on the adjusted RR and the 95% CI, as reported by eligible studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed and publication bias was assessed. Subgroup analysis was conducted by geographical region, study design, sex, study quality, and adjustments of RR score. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were employed for detecting publication bias.RESULTSTwelve articles, including 2 cohort studies and 10 case–control studies, and a total of 1210167 participants were identified. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) implied that smoking was not associated with increased risk of meningioma in men and women combined (RR=1.09; 95% CI: 0.90–1.33). From the sex-stratified subgroup analysis, the risk of meningioma was significant in men (RR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.16–1.74). Risk of meningioma in women did not remain significant (RR=0.92; 95% CI: 0.73–1.16). There was a high heterogeneity in the results (I2=58.4%, p=0.002). Sensitivity analyses showed stable results and there was no evidence of publication bias.CONCLUSIONSCigarette smoking is not associated with a significantly increased risk of meningioma in the whole population, but there is a positive association in men but not in women.

Use of high dose cyproterone acetate and risk of intracranial meningioma in women: cohort study

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of meningioma associated with use of high dose cyproterone acetate, a progestogen indicated for clinical hyperandrogenism.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingData from SNDS, the French administrative healthcare database, between...

High-dose cyproterone increases risk of meningioma in women

High-dose cyproterone increases risk of meningioma in women

Characterization of Progesterone Receptor Expression in Intracranial Meningiomas of Patients Treated in a High-Complexity Hospital in Bogota, Colombia.

BackgroundMeningiomas are the single most common brain tumor. The incidence of these tumors increases with age; different studies have shown that meningiomas usually appear after the age of 50. These tumors are more common in women than in men, and women are twice as likely to suffer from the condition. Surgery is the primary form of treatment, which can be curative with complete resection. If the tumor is unresectable or other treatments such as surgery and radiotherapy have failed, hormonal therapy or chemotherapy may be considered. There is limited information about the clinical, demographic, and histopathological characteristics of these tumors in the population of Bogotá, Colombia.ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression of progesterone receptors in patients over 18 years old who have been diagnosed with meningiomas in a high-complexity hospital in Bogota, Colombia, and to describe the demographic and histopathological characteristics of these patients.MethodsThis is a descriptive and retrospective case series. Patients with meningioma who underwent surgical resection at a high-complexity hospital in Bogota, Colombia, from 2016 to 2019 were retrospectively identified and studied. Demographic variables, such as age and gender, were extracted from the clinical chart. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining was carried out for the progesterone receptor (PR) and Ki67. PR is analyzed as positive and negative, and the Ki67 proliferation index was determined.ResultsThirty-two meningiomas from patients who underwent surgery were available for analysis. Twenty-five (78.1%) were positive for PR, 71.8% were females, and 93% were World Health Organization (WHO) grade I. Meningothelial (28%), fibrous (25%), and transitional (25%) meningiomas were the most frequent subtypes, correspondingly. The Ki67 mean value was 1.14 (0.11-10.71).ConclusionOur case series showed a greater frequency of meningiomas in women, with a high PR expression and a low Ki67 proliferation rate. These data correlate with literature worldwide.

Increased Risk of Subsequent Meningioma Among Women with Malignant Breast Cancer

Despite the increasing evidence of the association between breast cancer and meningioma in women, the relationship between these tumors remains improperly examined. In this study, we aim to identify the sociodemographic and clinicopathologic features of women with breast cancer associated with a higher risk of developing a meningioma. The SEER (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results) database (18 registries) was used to identify women with breast cancer as their first neoplasm. The risk of subsequent meningioma was reported as the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and was analyzed by sociodemographic and clinicopathologic subgroups. Results are given as SIR (95% confidence interval [CI]). A total of 564,516 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2004 and 2016 were included for analysis. A 26% increased risk of meningioma development (SIR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19-1.33; P < 0.05) was found in the cohort compared with the general population. Patients aged between 18 and 49 years (SIR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.78-2.61; P < 0.05) and those with a more advanced tumor stage (stage IV; SIR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.71-3.25; P < 0.05) were at a higher risk. Hormone receptor expression and treatment modality subgroups were at a similar risk compared with the general population. Our study corroborated the known association between these tumors and found a 26% risk of meningioma development in women with breast cancer, with younger patients and those with a more aggressive disease having a higher than expected risk.

Estrogen and progesterone receptor in meningiomas: An immunohistochemical analysis.

Meningiomas are common slow-growing primary intracranial neoplasms attached to the dura mater and are composed of neoplastic meningothelial cells. Increased incidence of meningiomas in women with an increased tumor growth during pregnancy and a possible association with breast cancer suggested that female sex hormones have been involved in the growth of meningiomas. Antihormonal-targeted therapy would be beneficial in such patients. The aim of this study is to correlate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in meningiomas with gender, location, histological subtypes, and grade. This is a 3½-year prospective and retrospective study of intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas. Clinical details of all the patients were noted from the computerized hospital information system. Immunohistochemistry for ER and PR was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. During the study period, there were 80 Grade I, 18 Grade II, and 2 Grade III meningiomas categorized as per the World Health Organization 2007 classification. The female-to-male ratio was 1.9:1 and the mean age was 47.8 years. ER was expressed in 2% of meningiomas. PR was expressed in 67.5% of Grade I and 66.6% of Grade II and none of Grade III meningiomas. Brain-invasive meningiomas showed 54.5% PR immunopositivity and negative for ER. ER and PR were expressed in 2% and 66% of meningiomas, respectively. Statistically significant relationship was not found between the positivity of PR in females and males of Grade I and Grade II/III meningiomas, intracranial and spinal tumors, Grade I and Grade II/III cases, and various histological subtypes of meningiomas.

MNGI-12. PLEIOTROPIC MLLT10 VARIATION CONFERS RISK OF MENINGIOMA, BREAST, AND OVARIAN CANCERS

Abstract BACKGROUND Women ages 35–44 have three-fold higher risk of meningioma compared to men. Epidemiologic studies have implicated exogenous hormone use, but endogenous hormonal factors are inconsistently associated. Elevated body mass index (BMI) is consistently associated with meningioma risk in both men and women, and personal history of breast cancer has also been associated with meningioma risk. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a meningioma risk locus on chromosome 10p12 near previous GWAS hits for breast and ovarian cancers. METHODS To elucidate the pleiotropic role of 10p12 variation in predisposition to diverse tumors - possibly via a common mediating factor - we performed imputation‐based fine‐mapping in three case-control datasets of meningioma (927 cases, 790 controls), female breast cancer (28108 cases, 22209 controls), and ovarian cancer (25509 cases, 40941 controls). Analyses were stratified by sex (meningioma), estrogen receptor status (breast), and histotype (ovarian), then combined using ASSET meta-analysis. Lead variants were queried for association with &gt;700 additional traits to identify potential effect-mediators. RESULTS Two-sided ASSET meta-analysis identified a lead variant near the MLLT10 promoter (P=1.4x10-13) associated with significantly increased risk of meningioma in women (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.20–1.69) and non-significantly increased risk in men (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 0.91–1.57). The meningioma risk allele was also associated with ovarian cancer risk (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12) and ER+ breast cancer risk (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08), but protected against ER- breast cancer (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.96). The risk allele was associated with higher body fat percentage, waist circumference and BMI at genome-wide levels (P&lt; 5.0x10-8), but mediation analysis adjusting for BMI did not attenuate its association with meningioma risk. CONCLUSION We identify a MLLT10 eQTL that confers risk of female meningioma, ER+ breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and obesity, but which protects against ER- breast cancer. Our results implicate a possible estrogenic mechanism underlying meningioma tumorigenesis.

Association of hormone replacement therapy with increased risk of meningioma in women: A hospital-based multicenter study with propensity score matching.

There is no consensus regarding the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk of meningioma so far. We conducted the first study among Chinese female patients to investigate the influence of HRT use on the risk of meningioma. We retrospectively collected records of diagnosis of meningioma for women aged 50 years and above during 2011-2016 and dispense of HRT prior to meningioma diagnosis in three tertiary hospitals in China. Meningioma cases were matched with controls at a ratio of 1:2 by using nearest neighbor propensity scores matching in order to balance the baseline characteristics between groups, which generated a total of 629 cases with 1258 controls. We observed prior use of HRT associated with increased risk of meningioma (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.4) and the association was more prominent among women having multiple HRT dispenses and longer term exposure (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6), among those with combination therapy of estrogens and progestogens (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7) than monotherapy, and among progestogen users than estrogen users as for monotherapy. Furthermore, vaginal, subcutaneous implant seems to be associated with a higher risk of meningioma compared with oral administration although no significance had been reached. This case-control study provides evidence that hormone use for an HRT purpose might constitute the development and growth of meningioma as an independent risk factor, especially for combination therapy and/or long-term users, which supports that meningioma might be a hormone-sensitive tumor.

Multiple Intracranial Meningioma in a Woman with Headache

Meningioma is one of the most common primary brain tumors in adults. The literature indicates a higher prevalence of multiple meningiomas in women, which might be attributed to the hormonal factors, such as expression of progesterone receptor.Here we report a 58-year-old woman with a 4-year history of headache, which was aggravated during the few months before her admission. The patient was diagnosed with multiple meningiomas based on her brain magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, she underwent surgical excision of the tumor and had no complications or signs of recurrence in the site of surgery, after a 3-year follow-up.Although multiple meningioma is not frequent, it does not differ from solitary tumors in terms of prognosis and management. Our experience shows that complete removal of the tumors is not possible in all cases of multiple meningioma and resection of the largest tumors results in favorable outcomes.

Progestin-associated shift of meningioma mutational landscape

BackgroundMeningiomas are the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. The relationship between meningioma and progestins is frequently mentioned but has not been elucidated. Patients and methodsWe identified 40 female patients operated for a meningioma after long-term progestin therapy and performed targeted next generation sequencing to decipher the mutational landscape of hormone-related meningiomas. A published cohort of 530 meningiomas in women was used as a reference population. ResultsCompared with the control population of meningiomas in women, progestin-associated meningiomas were more frequently multiple meningiomas [19/40 (48%) versus 25/530 (5%), P<10−12] and located at the skull base [46/72 (64%) versus 241/481 (50%), P=0.03]. We found a higher frequency of PIK3CA mutations [14/40 (35%) versus 18/530 (3%), P<10−8] and TRAF7 mutations [16/40 (40%) versus 140/530 (26%), P<0.001] and a lower frequency of NF2-related tumors compared with the control population of meningiomas [3/40 (7.5%) versus 169/530 (32%), P<0.001]. ConclusionThis shift in mutational landscape indicates the vulnerability of certain meningeal cells and mutations to hormone-induced tumorigenesis. While the relationship between PIK3CA mutation frequency and hormone-related cancers such as breast and endometrial cancer is well-known, this hormonally induced mutational shift is a unique feature in molecular oncology.

Association between prediagnostic glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and meningioma, and reverse causality.

Background:Although meningioma is a benign tumour, it may cause significant morbidity. Obesity and diabetes are positively associated with meningioma. To evaluate the potential effects of obesity-related prediagnostic glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol on meningioma and of prediagnostic meningioma on these biomarkers, we conducted a cohort study.Methods:We identified 41 355 individuals in the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk cohort with values for these biomarkers within 15 years before meningioma diagnosis, death, migration or the end of follow-up. We then estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and their interactions with time and age using Cox regression.Results:Meningioma was diagnosed in 181 women and 115 men whose median follow-up time was 7 years. Fasting serum glucose level was inversely related to meningioma among women (Ptrend=0.0006) but not men (Ptrend=0.24). Prediagnostic diabetes was inversely related to meningioma in both sexes combined (HR=0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-0.71), as was serum cholesterol within the year before diagnosis (HR=0.50, 95% CI 0.34-0.72).Conclusions:Paradoxically, hyperglycaemia is inversely associated with meningioma in women. This finding does not necessarily negate the positive role of obesity or diabetes in meningioma development; rather, it may indicate that their effects depend on the stage of development. Furthermore, the prediagnostic tumour may reduce serum cholesterol levels.

Descriptive epidemiology and risk factors of primary central nervous system tumors: Current knowledge

Although comparisons are difficult due to differences in methodologies, the annual incidence rates of central nervous system (CNS) tumors range from 8.5 to 21.4/100,000 population according to cancer registries, with a predominance of neuroepithelial tumors in men and meningiomas in women. An increase in the incidence of CNS tumors has been observed during the past decades in several countries. It has been suggested that this trend could be due to aging of the population, and improvements in diagnostic imaging and healthcare access, but these factors do not explain differences in incidence by gender and histological subtypes. Several etiological hypotheses related to intrinsic (sociodemographic, anthropometric, hormonal, immunological, genetic) and exogenous (ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields, diet, infections, pesticides, drugs) risk factors have led to analytical epidemiological studies to establish relationships with CNS tumors. The only established environmental risk factor for CNS tumors is ionizing radiation exposure. However, for other risk factors, studies have been inconsistent and inconclusive due to systematic differences in study design and difficulties in accurately measuring exposures. Thus, the etiology of CNS tumors is complex and may involve several genetic and/or environmental factors that may act differently according to histological subtype.

Association of tamoxifen with meningioma: a population-based study in Sweden.

Previous studies suggest that hormone therapy may play an important role in the development of meningioma. However, it is unclear whether medication with tamoxifen can prevent meningioma. Our study cohort included all women who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1961 and 2010, and a total of 227 535 women were identified with breast cancer with a median age at diagnosis of 63 years. Women diagnosed with breast cancer after 1987 were defined as tamoxifen exposed; those diagnosed with breast cancer before or during 1987 were defined as not exposed to tamoxifen. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to calculate the risk of subsequent meningioma. Of these women, 223 developed meningioma. For women without tamoxifen exposure, the risk of meningioma was significantly increased, with an SIR of 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.30–1.81); the risk was not increased in those with tamoxifen exposure (SIR=1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.84–1.32). The increased risk of meningioma in women without tamoxifen exposure persisted during 10 years of follow-up. In this historical cohort study, we found that women diagnosed with breast cancer but not treated with tamoxifen had an increased incidence of meningioma, whereas the incidence was close to that of the general population in patients treated with tamoxifen. This suggests that tamoxifen may prevent the development of meningioma.

Reproductive and Exogenous Hormone Factors in Relation to Risk of Meningioma in Women: A Meta-Analysis

Background and ObjectiveA number of studies have focused on the association between oral contraceptive (OC), hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and reproductive factors and meningioma risk, but the results were inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to obtain more precise estimates of risk.MethodsWe conducted a literature search using PubMed and EMBASE databases to July2013, without any limitations. Random effects models were used to summarize results.ResultsTwelve case-control and six cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. We found that an increased risk of meningioma was associated with HRT use(RR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.01–1.40), postmenopausal women(RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07–1.64) and parity(RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.00–1.40).No significant associations were observed for OC use (RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.83–1.03), age at menarche(RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.92–1.21), age at menopause(RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.81–1.30), or age at first birth(RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.80–1.10).ConclusionIn conclusion, the results of our study support the hypothesis that longer exposure to effect of female sex hormones may increase the risk of meningioma in women, yet additional studies are warranted to confirm our findings and identify the underlying biological mechanisms.