Men In War Research Articles

Review: Pulp Vietnam: War and Gender in Cold War Men’s Adventure Magazines, by Gregory A. Daddis

Review: <i>Pulp Vietnam: War and Gender in Cold War Men’s Adventure Magazines</i>, by Gregory A. Daddis

Review: Pulp Vietnam: War and Gender in Cold War Men’s Adventure Magazines, by Gregory A. Daddis

Review: <i>Pulp Vietnam: War and Gender in Cold War Men’s Adventure Magazines</i>, by Gregory A. Daddis

“We are Men of War”: Self-defense Forces, Paramilitarism, and Organized Crime on the Mexican Periphery

Mexico is a country with a long history of men with weapons. In various historical episodes, weapons have been central to self-protection, fighting, settling accounts, and as a symbol of masculinity. However, since the war on drug trafficking was declared, the power generated by weapons has had disastrous effects on security and justice. Not only did the security apparatuses concentrate unrivaled military power, but also the drug cartels themselves, through arms trafficking, extortion, kidnapping, and illicit payments. In regions like Michoacán, the cartels imposed their rules by means of "plata" or "plomo," despite the militarization of security. When various sectors of the civilian population became tired of so much criminal and institutional violence, they took up arms to defend themselves. They integrated groups of armed civilians to expel authorities, police, and criminal groups from their localities. But militarization, the use of weapons by citizens, and criminal abuse formed an altarpiece of very complex social violence, which forces us to rethink the borders of paramilitarism, armed civilian groups, and organized crime. In this article I describe historical episodes of these men with weapons to focus on the meaning of paramilitarism in contexts of rebel governance. I propose that what was experienced in Michoacán during the heyday of groups of armed civilians was a type of disguised paramilitarism, which accounts for the transfigurations of the State when it cannot exercise force as it wished at the risk of being publicly exposed.

Men of War: The American Soldier in Combat at Bunker Hill, Gettysburg, and Iwo Jima by Alexander Rose

Men of War: The American Soldier in Combat at Bunker Hill, Gettysburg, and Iwo Jima by Alexander Rose

Men of War, Men of Peace: Changing Masculinities in Vanuatu

The first European observers in the archipelago we now call Vanuatu characterised Indigenous men as martial warriors. Such observations occluded the diversity of Indigenous masculinities and the violence inherent in colonial processes of exploration, and later dispossession, ‘pacification’ and the imposition of colonial law. Indigenous relations between men were grounded in ascribed hierarchies of seniority and either achieved or ascribed hierarchies of divine power. Ideally more senior and higher ‘men of peace’ were seen to eclipse younger, lower ‘men of war’, but creative and destructive aspects of masculine power were often co-present in Janus-face formations. In surveying the longue durée of changing masculinities in Vanuatu we can witness complex reconfigurations associated with Christian conversion, the ‘labour trade’, commodity economy and state politics. The American military presence during the Second World War was a pivotal moment in such historical reconfigurations. As against the colonial masculine hierarchy of white mastas and black boes, it generated idioms of racial equality and fraternity between black men and white men and fuelled movements for independence. This is in stark contrast with the historical experience of another Pacific archipelago, Hawai‘i, a state of the United States and a major base for the US military securing what some Kānaka Maoli see as an occupation of their homelands. A comparison of these two Pacific archipelagos highlights how Indigenous masculinities are historically formed and transformed in the context of the race relations of different colonialisms.

Paddle Wheels for Sailing Men-of-War

In 1720 Monsieur du Quest, a French engineer, presented to the Royal Society a paper titled ‘A Method for Rowing Men of War in a Calm’ in which he proposed to install man-operated paddle wheels on British sailing ships. The paper documented sea trials he had performed in 1693 with his invention installed on a French galley in Marseilles. A senior officer of the French galley squadron, Jean Antoine de Barras de la Penne, witnessed those tests and documented them in his notes. Based on these sources, which of course are not in total agreement, this article reconstructs the design and structure of du Quest’s mechanism and examines how it worked and how he implemented it for the sea trial on the galley. With this understanding, the article addresses the feasibility and practicality of the invention’s declared objective of rowing men-of-war in a calm.

The Practice and Power of Firing Broadsides in British Men of War During the Age of Fighting Sail

The development of naval broadside tactics and practice is discussed. The technology of smooth bore ordnance is examined, with an account of naval gunfiring trials. The fundamental purpose of gunnery at sea — damage to ship structure and casualties sufficient to disable an enemy ship — is reviewed.

Men of War: British Sailors and the Impressment Paradox

AbstractIn the long eighteenth century, the British Royal Navy established dominance of the seas with the widely despised forced labor system of impressment. Previous attempts at explaining this paradox have erred either in deemphasizing the devastating personal and communal costs of impressment or by stressing that the navy’s oppressive system of discipline left sailors with no choice but to serve admirably. In fact, sailors exercised their agency both by resisting British press-gangs and by serving to the best of their ability on naval vessels. The British navy created incentives that appealed to mariners’ professional self-interests and male gender aspirations. Through naval service, sailors regained some of their dignity and sense of manhood that capture by press-gangs had taken away.

The Civil War and Reconstruction: a documentary reader

Acknowledgments. Introduction. I: Causes: . 1. [William Lloyd Garrison], Declaration of Sentiments of the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1833. 2. Henry Highland Garnet, Address to the Slaves of the U.S., 1843. 3. John C. Calhoun, Address of the Southern Delegates to Their Constituents,1849. 4. William H. Seward, Irrepressible Conflict, 1858. 5. Ballou's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion, Slaves Picking Cotton, 1858. 6. John Brown, Last Speech, 1859. II: Disunion to War: . 1. South Carolina, Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina, 1860. 2. John J. Crittenden, Crittenden Compromise Proposal, 1860. 3. Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, Jefferson Davis about to Become Provisional President of the Confederacy, 1861. 4. Daniel Decatur Emmett, I wish I was in Dixie's Land, 1860. 5. Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, 1861. 6. Alexander H. Stephens, Cornerstone Speech, 1861. 7. Mary Boykin Chesnut, Approaching Conflict at Fort Sumter, 1861. III: Battles:. 1. William Howard Russell, First Battle of Bull Run, 1861. 2. Walt Whitman, 1861, 1861. 3. William Monks, Battle of Wilson Creek and Guerilla War in Missouri, 1861-1862. 4. S. Dana Greene, The Monitor Battles The Virginia (Merrimac), 1862. 5. David H. Strother, Battle of Antietam, 1862. 6. Frank A. Haskell, Battle of Gettysburg, 1863. 7. Timothy O'Sullivan, Union Dead on the Gettysburg Battlefield, 1863. 8. Samuel E. Hope, Black-White Guerilla War in Florida, 1863. 9. James Longstreet, Battle of Chickamauga, 1863. 10. Robert E. Lee, Surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, 1865. 11. Ulysses S. Grant, General Report of Operations, 1865. IV: Soldiers' Experiences:. 1. Sarah Rosetta Wakeman, A Woman in the New York Volunteers, 1862-1863. 2. Spencer Glasgow Welch, Preserving Discipline in the Army of Northern Virginia, 1863 3. Unattributed Photograph, Union Soldiers Recovering from Wounds, 1864. 4. Frank Holsinger, Union Soldiers under Fire, 1862-1864. 5. Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Religion and the Daily Lives of Union Soldiers in Alabama, 1864 6. Charles Minor Blackford, A Confederate Officer Observes the Siege of Petersburg, 1864 7. James S. Brisbin, U.S. Colored Cavalry in Virginia, 1864. 8. Unidentified U.S. Sanitary Commission Official, On Soldiers and Prostitutes, City Point, Virginia, 1864. 9. Eliza Frances Andrews, A Confederate Woman on Union Prisoners at Andersonville, 1865. V: Homefronts: . 1. Mary A. Ward, Confederate Women Prepare Their Men for War, 1861. 2. Regis de Trobriand, Corruption in Washington, D.C., 1862. 3. Julia A. Wilbur, Contraband Camps in Alexandria, Virginia, 1863. 4. [Dora Miller], Life in Besieged Vicksburg, 1863. 5. Sallie Brock Putnam, Richmond Bread Riot, 1863. 6. Illustrated London News, New York City Draft Riot, 1863. 7. John Greenleaf Whittier, Barbara Frietchie, 1864. VI: Political Perspectives: . 1. Julia Ward Howe, Battle Hymn of the Republic, 1862. 2. Horace Greeley and Abraham Lincoln, Union War Aims, 1862. 3. Joseph E. Brown, State Sovereignty in the Confederacy, 1862. 4. Abraham Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation, 1863. 5. Clement L. Vallandigham, Northern Opposition to the Civil War, 1863. 6. Frederick Douglass, Men of Color to Arms, 1863. 7. Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, 1863. 8. Bromley and Company, Democratic Caricature of Republican Racial Policy, 1864. 9. Robert Barnwell Rhett Jr., War for Slavery, 1865. 10. Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, 1865. VII: The Trans-Mississippi West:. 1. U.S. Congress, Homestead Act, 1862. 2. John S. Smith, Sand Creek Massacre, 1864. 3. United States and Sioux Nation, Treaty of Fort Laramie, 1868. 4. Andrew J. Russell, Joining of the Rails, Promontory, Utah, 1869. VIII: Reconstruction:. 1. Abraham Lincoln, Presidential Reconstruction, 1863. 2. Alexander Gardner, African-American Refugees Amid Ruins of Richmond, 1865. 3. State Convention of the Colored People of South Carolina, Memorial To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, 1865. 4. Thaddeus Stevens, Congressional Reconstruction, 1865. 5. United States, Reconstruction Amendments. 6. National Woman Suffrage and Educational Committee, An Appeal to The Women of the United States, 1871. 7. Elias Hill, Ku Klux Klan Terrorism, 1871. 8. Albion W. Tourgee, Failure of Reconstruction, 1879. Suggested Reading...

Hollywood goes to Korea: Biopic politics and douglas sirk's Battle Hymn (1957)

Despite the lofty status of its director in American film history and genre study, Douglas Sirk's Battle Hymn (1957) has received remarkably little critical attention—a fact that reinforces the mar...

Black Soldiers in Blue: African-American Troops in the Civil War Era (review)

This volume adds depth and texture to the picture of African-American soldiers in the Civil War that has emerged in the recent past. Its fourteen essays (including John David Smith's perceptive overview) treat different aspects of the black soldiers' experience but with special emphasis on their performance under fire. They neatly supplement Noah Andre Trudeau's benchmark study, Like Men of War (1998). Trudeau himself contributes an essay on the frequently overlooked seven cavalry regiments that served.

Articles and Publications

Articles and Publications Mary Ellen Chijioke and Barbara E. Addison Recent publications in Quaker history fall into the usual categories. Those dealing with the internal history ofQuakerism center heavily on the seventeenth century. In his article on "Francis Ellington's Use ofProphecy to Explain the Appearance, Deliverance, and Apocalyptic Role ofQuakers in the Last Days" (Quaker Studies 3.2 (Winter 1998): 1 1 1-32), Richard G. Bailey examines an unusual use of specific prophecy in a 1664 pamphlet explaining the long delay in the consummation ofthe Lamb's War. Two works draw on early Quaker texts to support current spiritual concerns: Arthur O. Roberts, "A Quaker Understanding of Jesus Christ" (Quaker Religious Thought29.3 (July 1999): 9-23); and GeorgeFoxandtheHealing Ministry, by David Hodges (Guildford, England: Friends Fellowship of Healing, 1995). Hiromi Konishi Nishimura's new book (in Japanese), PacifistAntinomians: Studies on theEarliest QuakerMovementin England ([Japan: Kage-shoboh Publishing Co.], 1998) is representative of the continuing Japanese interest in Quaker history. For later periods, Bruce Allen Dorsey examines the relationship of eighteenth-century Quaker benevolence to the Separation of 1 827 in his article, "Friends Becoming Enemies: Philadelphia Benevolence and the Neglected Era ofAmerican QuakerHistory" (Journal oftheEarlyRepublic 18 (Fall 1998): 395-428). Damon D. Hickey's article, "Francis T. King of Baltimore and Post-Civil War North Carolina Friends" (The Southern Friend 20.2 (Autumn 1998): 1 1-22), considers why King, the leader who helped make Baltimore Yearly Meeting a bastion against Quaker Revivalism , hired Revivalist Allen Jay to lead the spiritual reconstruction program in North Carolina. Voltaire did as much as anyone to make Quakers respectable, even admirable, to the Enlightenment, especially in Europe. In "Voltaire's Convincement" (Quaker Studies 4.1 (Summer 1999): 21-56), Raymond Ayoub traces the change in Voltaire's attitude towards Quakers from disdain to admiration. As usual, Pennsylvania figures prominently in works on the role of Quakerism in American history. In her article, "The Lord Is a Man ofWar, the God of Love and Peace: The Association Debate, Philadelphia, 17471748 " (Pennsylvania History 65.1 (Winter 1998): 46-61), Barbara A. Gannon discusses the politics surrounding the first voluntary militia in the Quaker colony. Peter C. Messer also looks at competing political theories in his article, "? Species ofTreason & Notthe LeastDangerous Kind': The Articles and Publications69 Treason Trials of Abraham Carlisle and John Roberts" (Pennsylvania Magazine ofHistoryandBiography 123.4(October 1999): 303-32). Carlisle and Roberts were hanged in 1778 for collaborating with the enemy during the British occupation of Philadelphia. Messer provides an alternative answer to the question, Why? Beyond Pennsylvania, Robert J. Leach and Peter Gow examine "The Nantucket-Newport Axis: Early Links between Nantucket and Newport Quakerism" (Historical Nantucket 46.3 (Summer 1997): 9-14). In "The Limits ofRevolutionaryRadicalism: Thomas Paine and Slavery" (Pennsylvania Magazine ofHistory and Biography 123.3 (July 1999): 177-99), James V. Lynch argues that, contrary to common claims, the Quaker-raised Paine rarely acted publicly upon his repulsion to slavery. Several works deal with Quaker education and Quakers in education. Paul A. Lacey gives a strong historical background on such issues as "guarded education" in his book, Growing into Goodness: Essays on QuakerEducation (Wallingford, Penna.: Pendle Hill Publications in cooperation with Friends Council on Education, 1998). Stephen A. Bonnie studied three schools, Abington Friends, Friends Select, and William Penn Charter for his dissertation on "The Choice or Rejection ofCoeducation in Philadelphia's Earliest Schools: 1680-1700, 1880-1900, 1960-1980" (TempleUniversity, 1998). ElizabethA. RoslewiczconsidersLucretiaMott as a model for adult education in her Ph.D. dissertation, "Educating Adults Through Distinctive Public Speaking: Lucretia Mott, Quaker Minister" (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1999). Throughout their history, Quakers have been over-represented in the sciences. In his article, "Aesthetics in Science, as Practiced by Quakers in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries" (Quaker Studies 4. 1 (Summer 1999): 1-20), Geoffrey Cantor describes how anaesthetic ofGod as Creator ofnature, and oforder and beauty in the natural world, made the observational sciences in particular highly acceptable to Quakers. With John Dalton, 1766-1844: a Bibliography of Works By and About Him, with an AnnotatedListofHisSurvivingApparatus andPersonalEffects (Aldershot, Hampshire; Brookfield, Vt.: Manchester Literary and Philosophical Publications , inassociationwithAshgate, 1998),A.L. Smythhas...

Like Men of War: Black Troops in the Civil War, 1862-1865

Noah Andre Trudeau's past three books garnered him recognition as one of America's most respected Civil War historians. Now, in Like Men of War, he focuses on African-American soldiers in the Union army. In all, more than 175,000 black soldiers taught in more than 400 battles. But once the war was won, their efforts were largely ignored or forgotten.Drawing from the diaries and letters of these veterans, Trudeau vividly re-creates their experiences. At the outset, the white military believed that blacks were simply incapable of combat duty. But, as in the courageous assault on Fort Wagner (depicted in the film Glory), African Americans more than proved their mettle.Thoroughly researched and copiously illustrated, Like Men of War illuminates the struggles of these courageous men and brings a fresh perspective to our understanding of the Civil War.

Like Men of War: Black Troops in the Civil War, 1862-1865 (review)

book reviews223 "soft fighting and heavy victories," as Lee put it. This was to be achieved through the grand turning movement, threatening the enemy's communications and forcing him out of his chosen positions to fight unprepared and at a disadvantage. Harsh says that strategically Lee did this in the Peninsula and Second Manassas campaigns but that faulty tactical execution led to unaffordable Rebel losses. Harsh's provocative argument challenges recent criticism of Lee's aggressiveness . The book will inevitably raise questions. If a defense of Lee's actions rests on showing that his was the way to break Northern morale, why does the book spend almost no time on the psychological balance of the opponents? Indeed, Harsh suggests that the union answer to defeat on the Peninsula was to increase their armies by 50 percent, surely not the response Lee wanted. Works assessing the psychological aspect of the war, however, are not in the bibliography . Again, in supporting Lee and Davis in their belief that the war must be fought on the Northern border to shield Richmond, rather than making a defensive stand in the heart of the South, Harsh says that a large percentage of Rebel manufacturing was concentrated in the Rebel capital and had to be saved. But couldn't the machinery have been transported South, as the Russians shipped away their industrial plant in face of Hitler's 1941 invasion? Finally, in saying that the South came closest to winning in the summer of 1862, is Harsh forgetting the war in the West, which saw the Rebels turned back from Cincinnati and driven from Kentucky at Perryville? Wasn't this of equal import to Second Manassas as a morale factor in the war? These are the kinds of questions this stimulating book will generate. Michael C. C. Adams Northern Kentucky University Like Men of War: Black Troops in the Civil War, 1862-1865. By Noah Andre Trudeau. (Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1998. Pp. 576. $29.95.) Noel Andre Trudeau's Like Men of War is a chronicle of combat. The book treats every major engagement in which black troops took part as well as many of the smaller actions. Trudeau sets the scene for each engagement by describing its geographical location and topography, its place within larger strategic frameworks, the major actors (the field commanders and the units under their command), and the outcome. Sixty detailed maps complement the discussion. Like his earlier works, this one also relies heavily upon participants' observations .To the standard after-action reports, he adds insightful commentaries from black men in the ranks, from their company officers, and, not infrequently, from their Confederate foes. Diaries, letters, newspaper reports, and material in federal pension case files provide this first-person vantage point. Trudeau makes clear that black soldiers were willing, even eager, to engage the enemy in pursuit of freedom for the slaves and full citizenship rights for all black people in America. He also provides ample evidence ofthe men's passion 224CIVIL WAR HISTORY to demonstrate what Frederick Douglass (among countless others) termed "the Negro's manhood" (7). Yet, even as the record of heroic action grew longer, each unit carried a "cross" into its first engagement: "the need to prove themselves in combat before the eyes of the white man" (331). The question "Would they fight?" dogged black soldiers from the beginning to the end of the contest. Most eyewitnesses proved capable of changing their views after observing black men in action. Following the battle of Nashville in December 1864, Adj. Gen. Lorenzo Thomas hoped to slay the dragon once and for all by proclaiming , "The question is settled; negro soldiers will fight" (349). But William T. Sherman remained unconvinced. Although Trudeau finds it "difficult to identify a major engagement in which black soldiers played a crucial role" (467), their solid performance overall clearly contributed to the Union's victory. What is more, that record helped tip the balance in favor of extending citizenship to African Americans during the postwar period. By focusing so closely on combat, Trudeau's account highlights the deadly consequences that often awaited captured black soldiers and their officers. In the aftermath of the battle...

The Country Child, When Overpraised

EXCERPT The Country Child, When Overpraised by Allan Gurganus Hendrick ter Brugghen Dutch, 1 588-1629 DavidPraised by the Israelite Women, 1623 Oil on canvas, 32V16 ? 41 Vi in. North Carolina Museum of Art Gift of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation 60.17.66 26 Condensed from First Samuel, Chapter 1 7, King James Bible And David rose up early in the morning, and left the sheep with a keeper, and he came to the trench, and shouted for the batde. And, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine ofGath, Goliath by name, whose height was six cubits and a span. And all the men ofIsrael, when they saw the man, fled from him, and were sore afraid. And David said unto King Saul, I, thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine. And Saul said to David, Thou are not able to go against this Philistine to fight: for thou art but a youth, and he a man ofwar from his youth. And David said unto Saul, Thy servant kept his father's sheep and there came a lion, and a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock. And I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth. And Saul said unto David, Go and the Lord be with thee. And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put an helmet ofbrass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of mail. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these, for I have not proved with them. And David put them off. And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out ofthe brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine. And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance. And the Philistine said unto David, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field. Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a sword, but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou has defied. And I will smite thee, and take thy head from thee; and I will give the carcasses of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel. And David hasted, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine. And David put his hand in his bag, and took then a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth. But there was no sword in the hand of David. The Country Child, When Overpraised 27 Therefore David ran, and stood upon the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith. And when the Philistines saw their champion was dead, they fled. And the men of Israel and ofJudah arose, and shouted, and pursued the Philistines. And David took the head of the Philistine, and brought it to Jerusalem. nd, verily, the head did weigh twenty-seven pounds. And to hold it before him—as you would lift a lantern—costs the young David much strength. Was not his day's strength already well used by killing so great a warrior? Trumpets sounded on towers of the city that, seen from afar, looked sand-colored, a toy, and perfect. Twelve gates were being opened, slow, by vast crowds, even those gates long-bolted against the Philistines. Bright robes of the thousands now appeared along Jerusalem's upper walls. And David lifted a grimacing head so huge it proved visible from the far setdement . A strange first roar did lift. And the power, which was the knowledge ofhis sudden power, was borne unto this rough subde...

Men of War: Great Naval Captains of World War II.

Men of War: Great Naval Captains of World War II.

Mast cell histamine release induced by Portuguese Man-of-War ( [formula omitted]) venom

Nematocyst venom from Portuguese Man-of War ( Physalia sp.) tentacles causes isolated rat peritoneal mast cells to release histamine. Extent of histamine release is dose-dependent (K 0.5 = 6.1 μg venom/ml) and attains 100% at high doses of venom. Release is independent of intra- and extracellular calcium levels and does not depend upon a cellular supply of ATP. The rate of histamine release is temperature-dependent and the extent of release is maximized broadly over the range of 10–30°C. The cytoplasmic marker lactate dehydrogenase, is released concomitantly with histamine but is more sensitive to the venom (K 0.5 = 2.1 μg/ml). Antimycin A, while it does not significantly affect venom-induced histamine release, increases the sensitivity of lactate dehydrogenase release (K 0.5 = 0.2 μg/ml). We conclude that Physalia nematocyst venom induces the release of histamine from mast cells by a cytolytic mechanism and that this action is antagonized by an intracellular, energy-requiring process.

Men in War

Men in War