Soliton dynamics under fractional action-induced non-Markovian dissipation and memory effects

A longitudinal study of the relationship between loneliness and memory.

Spatiotemporal dynamics in a diffusive eco-epidemiological system with spatial memory and fear effect

Rapid and highly selective surfactant-free lead(II) ion-imprinted nanoparticles for preconcentration with negligible memory effect.

Quantifying immune memory in colorectal cancer using fractional-order differential equations.

• How to generalize the integer order model into a time-fractional model and what are the specific benefits associated with it? • What are the differences in stability analysis for the integer and fractional order cases? • How to solve 2D time-fractional PDEs and What are the computational challenges associated with solving them specifically, when it comes to the Neumann boundary conditions to address boundary and corner points? • How do the results for the integer and fractional order differ from each other? • What are the effects of different fractional orders on the dynamics of the fairy circles and patterns? Vegetation ring formation is a spatial pattern observed in ecosystems influenced by plant–soil negative feedback. Classical integer-order models capture only instantaneous interactions and cannot represent the history-dependent processes shaping these dynamics. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new time-fractional reaction-diffusion problem, that extends the model of Cartenì et al. of 2012 [1], by incorporating memory effects through Caputo derivatives. The system, consisting of coupled fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) for biomass and toxicity, is analyzed for existence and uniqueness of solutions, equilibrium states, and stability in both homogeneous and heterogeneous cases. Since the analytical solution is not available, a numerical approach has been proposed. The numerical experiments illustrate variations in ring formation throughout time and space. The study covers multiple aspects, such as the influence of the fractional derivation index κ on pattern formation, showing that when κ decreases, the biomass spreads over a larger area with fewer oscillations and amplitudes. Moreover, reducing κ has the effect of slowing down the dynamics, requiring more time to reach the equilibrium points, and causes the ring’s width to expand, which shrinks the internal ring diameter until only disks are visible as κ tends to 0.6.

Scattering imaging beyond the optical memory effect using deep learning model trained on physically inspired synthetic data

A hybrid intelligent computational framework for diverse firing patterns in a fractional-order Locally Active Memristive Neuron model

Parallel transport of cosmic rays for non-diffusive pitch-angle scattering: II. The inclusion of memory effects

A novel distributed-order Cattaneo–Christov model is proposed to effectively characterize non-classical heat conduction processes with memory effect and time–space relaxation behaviors originating from distributed-order fractional derivatives. A fractional physics-informed neural networks (fPINN) algorithm is employed to address both the forward and inverse problems of the distributed-order heat conduction model. For the forward problem, we propose an SfPINN algorithm that incorporates a squared loss term and employs an adaptive updating strategy for the loss-term weights. First, the boundary conditions are embedded into the network output such that they are automatically satisfied. In addition, we design a two-stage training strategy to enhance computational efficiency: in the first stage, the squared loss term associated with the initial condition is incorporated into the loss function; in the second stage, the squared residual term of the governing equation is introduced into the loss function. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the standard fPINN method in both solution accuracy and training iteration speed. For the inverse problem, the numerical results demonstrate that as the iteration number increases, the estimated parameter values progressively converge to their true values and finally stabilize.

Multiple effects and emission characteristics of air pollution control devices on PCDD/Fs and PCBs from coal-fired power plants.

Exploring memory effects: Sparse identification in vector-borne diseases

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy, but challenges remain in the therapeutic application for solid tumors, primarily due to poor infiltration capacity, suboptimal activity, and tumor antigen escape. Here, we found that the chemokine CCL3 plays a significant role in modulating intratumoral T cell cytotoxicity. However, CCL3 alone is insufficient to sustain durable CAR-T cell-mediated tumor killing, largely due to tumor-induced T cell death. In contrast, the combination of CCL3 with interleukin-7 (IL-7), a cytokine known to enhance T cell survival, exerted a potent synergistic effect. This combination significantly improved CAR-T cell infiltration and longevity in solid tumors, leading to robust anti-tumor efficacy without significant side effects or systemic toxicity. Mechanistically, CCL3 plus IL-7 promoted RUNX3 expression and facilitated the differentiation of CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells. Furthermore, treatment with CAR-T cells co-expressing CCL3 and IL-7 (3P7-CAR-T) remodeled the immune landscape of solid tumors, marked by an increased infiltration of M1-like macrophages and CD103+ migratory dendritic cells. These changes enhance antigen presentation, thereby promoting the priming of endogenous anti-tumor T cell responses. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CCL3 synergizes with IL-7 to augment CAR-T cell memory and therapeutic effectiveness in solid tumors.

Shape memory effect (SME) usually exists in crystalline alloys, polymers, ceramics, and their composites, induced by phase changes like Martensitic transformation and glass transition. Here, we report SME in metallic glasses (MGs) far below the glass transition temperatures. It is found that the recoverable strain of the trained MG, which reflects SME, increases with training temperature, stress, and time. The SME is interpreted as an intrinsic phenomenon of MGs, in which the local liquid-like regions (LLRs) with viscosities of ∼1010 Pa s and surrounding elastic matrix serve as the switching and memorizing segments, respectively. The activation of the LLRs, affected by deformation temperature and time in an Arrhenius-type relation, involves the nonaffine displacement of solute atoms and the rearrangement of unstable medium-range ordered (MRO) structure. In contrast, the recovery of the matrix containing more rigid MRO string-like structure is mainly contributed by the reversible variation of short-range atomic distance. Due to the instability of the LLRs, a transition from rejuvenation to aging appears during the shape memory (SM) process. The results reveal a new mechanism of SME linking to the dynamic structural heterogeneity of MGs and could be insightful for designing new types of glassy SM functional materials.

Dynamics of a stochastic tumor-immune interaction system with an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.

Effectively inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to initiate cell pyroptosis is promising to elevate cancer immunotherapy, as it avoids immune escape of tumor cells and insufficient differentiation of immune cells. However, it remains a major challenge due to the lack of effective ways to induce ER stress. Herein, we reported the conceptually new electro-pyroptosis immunotherapy (EPI-therapy) of cancer via ER-mitochondria crosstalk by wireless electrostimulation (wES), enabled by ultrasound-activatable ER-targeted piezoelectric nanoplatform of FAL&BaTiO3@AuNPs that capable of generating a voltage nearly 400mV for localized wES to induce ER stress to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The developed EPI-therapy overperforms the existing drug/chemical-stimulated ones; it disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and immunosuppressive microenvironment and activates a long-term immune memory effect, triggering pyroptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect to boost the immunogenicity, and hence efficiently inhibit primary tumor growth while resist tumor recrudesce and lung metastasis, promising for future immunotherapy of cancer.

Combination therapies are a crucial strategy to decelerate the progression of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) emerges as a valuable adjuvant, not only for infection eradication but also for its potential to modulate the pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials in resistant bacteria. To evaluate whether aPDT can induce a sustained increase in the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to antibiotics, characterize a possible phenotypic memory effect, and assess whether this altered phenotype influences intracellular survival in macrophages. MRSA strains were treated with curcumin (10 µM) and blue light (450nm, 5-20J/cm²) in sequential cycles with 8-hour intervals. The susceptibility to azithromycin (AZY), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT), and oxacillin (OXA) were evaluated through MIC assays. The persistence of sensitization was monitored for 96h in the absence of selective pressure. Reapplication of aPDT cycles was performed after bacterial regrowth. In parallel, intracellular infectivity was assessed using RAW 264.7 macrophages infected with treated or untreated MRSA strains. aPDT increased MRSA susceptibility to antibiotics by up to 37-fold. This sensitization persisted for up to 96h after treatment, even in the absence of antibiotic pressure, suggesting a phenotypic memory. Repeated cycle of aPDT after regrowth reestablished susceptibility. Treated MRSA strains also exhibited reduced intracellular survival in macrophages, indicating impaired virulence. aPDT not only enhances antibiotic susceptibility in resistant S. aureus but also promotes a reversible, phenotypic memory and reduces intracellular infectivity. These findings position aPDT as a promising strategy for controlling resistant infections by reprogramming bacterial behavior beyond immediate inactivation.

Similar experiences can enhance or impair existing memories or newly encoded events. Such retroactive and proactive memory effects have been examined using A-B, A-D tasks in which pairs studied across two lists share cues but have changed responses. These tasks often show greater retroactive interference on immediate than delayed tests and greater proactive interference on delayed than immediate tests. Four experiments using A-B, A-D tasks characterized the role of change awareness in such effects. Retroactive interference from List 2 onto List 1 recall was observed on immediate but not delayed tests. When List 2 included measures of change awareness and List 1 recall, retroactive facilitation in List 1 recall was observed on a delayed test. Conversely, intrusions from List 1 onto List 2 recall, indicating proactive interference, were greater on delayed than immediate tests. Response interdependence on the final test showed that correct recall was associated with recollection of other list responses and that changes had occurred. These findings indicate that retrieval practice during List 2 both increased accessibility of earlier responses and promoted cross-episode integration. When the retrieved response was later the target, this accessibility produced retroactive facilitation; when it was the competitor, it increased proactive interference unless recollection of change preserved information about the responses' temporal relationship. The theoretical implications are that temporal changes in retroactive and proactive interference depend not only on differences in trace accessibility across lists but also on whether study-phase retrieval promotes integrative encoding and whether change information remains accessible at test.

Efficient recovery of highly viscous crude oil remains a critical challenge due to the poor mobility and slow diffusion of such oils under ambient conditions. Here, a photothermal shape-memory nanofibrous membrane (CB@AUA/SIS) was developed via the electrospinning of aliphatic polyurethane acrylate (AUA) and polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene (SIS), incorporating carbon black (CB) as a low-cost photothermal filler. The electrospun architecture provides a high surface area and porosity, while the CB endows the membrane with light absorption (reaching 98%) and a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 73.4%. Upon irradiation, the membrane rapidly heats to 61.2 °C, effectively reducing the viscosity of crude oil. Together with the intrinsic lipophilicity of the AUA/SIS copolymer, a high adsorption rate of 6240 g·m-2·min-1 is achieved. In addition, the membrane exhibits excellent hydrophobicity and a light-responsive shape memory effect. This allows the folded structure to autonomously unfold on water surfaces, facilitating its intelligent deployment. Outdoor sunlight tests further confirm its reliable performance. This work demonstrates a multifunctional, light-adaptive system that integrates solar-driven heating and programmable shape transformation for the remediation of viscous crude oil spills.

Weight loss remains one of the primary strategies for reducing cardiometabolic risk, particularly with the advent of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, which have been demonstrated to induce significant weight loss. Recent evidence suggests, however, that weight loss does not completely normalize the underlying biology of obesity. When weight loss medications are discontinued, patients may regain lost weight along with an increase in cardiometabolic disease risk, indicating that these medications may contribute to transiently altering the phenotype of obesity, but do not produce long-term remission. Adipose tissue is increasingly recognized as an active organ regulating systemic inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes inflamed through the activation of innate and adaptive immune pathways. This response has a lasting effect on the immune system. T cells in adipose tissue develop memory-like qualities via epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming and can persist after weight loss, ready for rapid activation upon renewed metabolic stress. These immunologic memory effects drive repeated weight gain, progressive metabolic dysfunction, and ongoing cardiovascular risk. An immune process is working alongside the endocrine and metabolic adjustments that facilitate energy conservation and fat regain. The repetitive cycles of weight loss and regain further amplify these responses, leading to greater inflammation. Memory T-cell populations are maintained primarily through the CD70-CD27 axis; therefore, targeting this axis may be an effective approach to developing therapies that modify immune memory and achieve long-term cardiometabolic remission when combined with weight loss.