Meloidogyne Incognita In Tomato Research Articles

Local and systemic transcriptome and spliceome reprogramming induced by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are widely spread root parasites that infect thousands of vascular plant species. These highly polyphagous nematodes engage in sophisticated interactions with host plants that results in the formation of knot-like structures known as galls whose ontogeny remains largely unknown. Here, we determined transcriptome changes and alternative splicing variants induced by Megalaima incognita in galls and neighboring root cells at two distinct infective stages. M. incognita induced substantial transcriptome changes in tomato roots both locally in galls and systemically in neighboring cells. A considerable parallel regulation of gene expression in galls and neighboring cells were detected, indicative of effective intercellular communications exemplified by suppression of basal defense responses particularly during the early stage of infection. The transcriptome analysis also revealed that M. incognita exerts a tight control over the cell cycle process as a whole that results in an increase of ploidy levels in the feeding sites and accelerated mitotic activity of the gall cells. Alternative splicing analysis indicated that M. incognita significantly modulates pre-mRNA splicing as a total of 9064 differentially spliced events from 2898 genes were identified where intron retention and exon skipping events were largely suppressed. Furthermore, a number of differentially spliced events were functionally validated using transgenic hairy root system and found to impact gall formation and nematode egg mass production. Together, our data provide unprecedented insights into the transcriptome and spliceome reprogramming induced by M. incognita in tomato with respect to gall ontogeny and nematode parasitism.

A combination of plant-based compounds and extracts acts nematicidal and induces resistance against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato.

Considering the stricter European regulations for chemical pesticides (e.g. abolishment of the use of chemical soil fumigation products, such as methyl bromide), the need for more sustainable plant protection products is strongly increasing. In this research, Product X, an innovative mixture of bio-nematicidal compounds was developed and evaluated for efficacy. Product X showed a direct nematicidal effect against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. In pot trials with tomato plants infected with M. incognita, Product X treatment lead to a significant reduction in nematode-induced gall formation. mRNA-sequencing indicated alterations in phytohormone levels and ROS-metabolism in tomato roots upon treatment with Product X, which was subsequently biochemically validated. Increased levels of abscisic acid and peroxidase activity seem to be the main factors in the response of tomato plants to Product X. Long-term administration of Product X did not yield negative effects on tomato growth or yield. In conclusion, Product X provides a new interesting mix of bio-active compounds in the combat against root-knot nematodes.

Efficacy of Pseudomonas spp. NA-4 against Meloidogyne incognita

In concern with our present studies, this paper basically put lights on the efficacy of biocontrol agent, Pseudomonas strain NA-4 for the management of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. Four plants were kept under observation. The one which remain untreated shows more vigorous growth while our main plant which is inoculated with both nematode and bacteria shows that bacteria has shown some control against nematode activity while the plants which are inoculated with nematode alone shows reduction in height and other parameters. Bacterial inoculated plant grow normally even because of its growth promoting nature due to some dramatic changes in climatic conditions and other external or internal factors. Keywords: Control, biological agent, plant growth, root knot nematode, Solanaceae.

Biochar and oil cakes act as antagonists towards Meloidogyne incognita in tomato: A sustainable approach

Biochar is a solid byproduct of biomass thermal decomposition. It boosts agricultural production and develops systemic plant resistance when added to the soil. Biochar is frequently used as a soil additive to increase crop yield and soil fertility. However, the combined effect of biochar and oil cakes on plant's (Tomato), nematodes, and biochemical parameters has not been well investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of biochar in combination with various oil cakes to develop resistance to the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant and to investigate its biochemical parameters. The current study was carried out in pot condition to evaluate the effect of biochar alone and in conjunction with different oil cakes viz. castor, coconut, mustard, linseed, and sesame on tomato cv. Pusa–Ruby. Our findings indicate that biochar with oil cakes enhanced plant growth, fresh weight to dry weight, total chlorophyll, carotenoid levels, nitrate reductase activity, and reduced the eggmass/root, the number of galls and nematode population compared to the control. Biochar + castor oil cake showed a higher effect in the declining nematode population, followed by biochar + mustard cake, biochar + sesame cake, biochar + linseed cake, and biochar + coconut cake. When biochar was used alone, the effect was minimal. Among all treatments, the amendment of biochar and castor oil cake has the highest ability to manage the root-knot nematode infestation in tomatoes.

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on population growth of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on population growth of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato

β-Aminobutyric acid induced phytotoxicity and effectiveness against nematode is stereomer-specific and dose-dependent in tomato.

β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) induces resistance to a/biotic stress but is associated with phytotoxicity in some plant species. There are two enantiomers of BABA, the R and S enantiomers. We evaluated the phytotoxicity caused by the RS BABA (racemic mixture of R and S BABA), evaluating the dose-response effect and different modes of application on tomato. Results show that RS BABA-induced phytotoxicity in tomato is dose-dependent and stronger with foliar applications than with soil drench. We further evaluated the phytotoxicity of the two enantiomers separately and observed that BABA-induced phytotoxicity is stereomer-specific. In comparison with less phytotoxic effects induced by S BABA, R BABA induces dose-dependent and systemic phytotoxic symptoms. To investigate the possible physiological causes of this phytotoxicity, we measured levels of oxidative stress and anthocyanins and validated the findings with gene expression analyses. Our results show that high doses of RS and R BABA induce hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and anthocyanin accumulation in tomato leaves, while this response is milder and more transient upon S BABA application. Next, we evaluated BABA induced resistance against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. BABA-induced resistance was found to be stereomer-specific and dependent on dose and mode of application. R or RS BABA multiple soil drench application at low doses induces resistance to nematodes with less phytotoxic effects. Taken together, our data provide useful knowledge on how BABA can be applied in crop production by enhancing stress tolerance and limiting phytotoxicity.

Nematicidal activity of sweet annie and garden cress nano-formulations and their impact on the vegetative growth and fruit quality of tomato plants

Root-knot nematode is one of the major problems that face the agricultural production of several vegetable crops. Chemical nematicides have been banned because of their healthy and environmental undesirable attributes. So, this study aimed to evaluate the potential use of sweet annie (Artimisia annua) and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) as green routes for the development of effective and eco-friendly alternative nematicides. Nematicidal activity of sweet annie and garden cress aqueous extracts (500 g/L) in the original and nano-forms were evaluated against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato planted in infected soil under greenhouse conditions. Nineteen phenolic compounds were identified in A. annua extract, which was dominated by chlorogenic acid (5059 µg/100 mL), while 11 compounds were identified in L. sativum extract, that dominated by p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3206 μg/100 mL). Nano-particles were characterized with smooth surface, spherical shape and small size (50–100 nm). Under laboratory, the nano-formulations showed mortality percentage of M. incognita J2 greater than the original extract from. Vegetative growth parameters of tomato plants treated with A. annua and L. sativum extracts significantly improved compared to the control plants. Also, biochemical analysis revealed that the extracts were able to induce tomato plants towards the accumulation of phenolic compounds and increasing the activity of defensive enzymes (protease, polyphenol oxidase and chitinase) resulting in systemic resistance. Regarding tomato fruits yield and quality, the studied treatments significantly improved the yield and physicochemical parameters of tomato fruits in terms of fruit weight, diameter, TSS, pH, lycopene content and color attributes gaining higher sensorial acceptance by the panelist. Generally, both extracts represent promising nematicide alternatives and have potential use in crop management. The nano-form of A. annua extract outperformed the nematicidal activity of other studied treatments.

Kontrollü koşullar altında Aspergillus niger kültür filtratının kök-ur nematodu Meloidogyne incognita’ya karşı nematisidal etkisinin belirlenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Aspergillus niger’in kültür filtratının 4 farklı(25, 50, 75 ve 100%) konsantrasyonunun kontrollü koşullar altında (24±1 ° C, 60±5% nem) domates ve biber köklerinde Meloidogyne incognita gelişimine etkisi araştırılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışmada nematod inokulumu olarak 500 II. Dönem larva (J2) kullanılmış ve inokülasyonundan iki gün sonra her saksı toprağına A. niger kültür filtratının her konsantrasyonundan 10 ml uygulama yapılmıştır. Uygulamadan 8 hafta sonra köklerdeki gal ve yumurta paketi sayıları ile topraktaki J2 yoğunluğu tespit edilmiş ve konsantrasyonların bu parametrelerdeki kontrol etki yüzdeleri hesaplanmıştır. Domates ve biber köklerinde M. incognita üzerinde en etkili konsantrasyonların %100 ve %75 olduğu saptanmış ve gal, yumurta paketi sayısı ve topraktaki J2 yoğunluğu üzerindeki etkileri arasında önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır (P≥0.05). A. niger kültür filtratının %50 seyreltmenin altına düştüğünde, nematisidal etkisinin %30’lara kadar düştüğü belirlenmiştir. Domateste kültür filtratının %100 konsantrasyonunda gal, yumurta paketi sayısı ve topraktaki J2 yoğunluğu üzerindeki yüzde kontrol etki sırasıyla %86.3, 86.2 ve 82.0 olarak saptanırken, biber köklerinde %89.1, 88.6 ve 87.2 olduğu bulunmuştur. A. niger’in %75 konsantrasyonunda ise gal, yumurta paketi sayısı ve topraktaki J2 yoğunluğu üzerindeki kontrol etki domateste sırasıyla %79.9, 79.2 ve 73.0 olarak belirlenirken, biberde %82.9, %82.0 ve %79.4 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Genel Yorum: Yerel A. niger izolatının M. incognita’ya karşı yüksek nematisidal aktivite gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: A. niger kültür filtratı domates ve biberde M. incognita kontrolünde yeni bir biyolojik nematisit kaynağı olarak belirlenmiştir.

Resistance induction and nematicidal activity of certain monoterpenes against tomato root-knot caused by Meloidogyne incognita.

This research was performed to evaluate the potential of carvone, cuminaldehyde, cineole, and linalool for the control of root-knot of tomato. The tested control agents were evaluated for their ability to stimulate systemic resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in tomato by monitoring the transcription levels of defense-related genes. Moreover, the ability of the tested agents to induce nematicidal activity concerning second-stage juveniles (J2) hatching and mortality was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of the tested agents on certain tomato growth and yield parameters was assessed. The tested monoterpenes showed high nematicidal activity against M. incognita concerning J2 hatching inhibition and mortality. Carvone, cuminaldhyde, linalool, and cineole had LC50 values of 123.5, 172.2, 354.9, 466.4, and 952.3 μg/mL, respectively. Carvone was found to be the most efficient hatching inhibitor. The tested monoterpenes showed a high potential against root-knot under greenhouse and field conditions with respect to root-galling, egg masses, and the number of J2. Carvone was the most effective treatment. The growth and yield characters of treated tomato were significantly increased in monoterpenes treatments compared to untreated control. Treated tomato plants showed expression of defense-related genes (PR1 and PAL) 5-8 folds higher than the control. The results also showed that cuminaldhyde, followed by carvone, linalool, and cineole, had the greatest levels of expression in tomato plants. Taken together, the selected monoterpenes could be used as alternatives to control the root-knot of tomato.

Rhamnolipids: The Next Generation Multifunctional Biomolecules for Applications Against Μeloidogyne incognita in Tomato Plants

Plant parasitic nematodes are a global threat to tomato production due to severe damages they cause to roots. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids to control the nematode Meloidogyne incognitain tomato plants. It was applied as soil drench in soil naturally infested with the nematodes. The results showed that the number of small size galls was statistically less in the plants treated with fluopyram than untreated control or rhamnolipids. Plants treated with rhamnolipids had significantly less number of small size galls than untreated control. The number of medium size galls was significant less in plants treated with fluopyram than untreated control. Plants treated with rhamnolipids did not show any difference in the number of medium size galls than untreated control or fluopyram. No significant difference was found among all treatments in the number of big size galls although the plants treated with rhamnolipids or fluopyram had the tendency to show less number. Generally, this study demonstrated the potential of rhamnolipids (biological) to control M. incognita in tomato cultivars.

Phytochemical management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) kofoid and white chitwood by Artemisia spp. in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.).

In vitro and screen house experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of thirteen phytochemicals from Artemisia elegantissimia and A. incisa on root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cv. Rio Grande. A positive control (Carbofuran) and negative control (H2O) were also used for comparison. Effectiveness of phytochemicals against juveniles (J2s) mortality and egg hatch inhibition were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation at three concentrations viz; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/mL in vitro conditions. Amongst thirteen phytochemicals, Isoscopletin (Coumarin), Carbofuran and Apigenin (Flavonoid) showed the highest mortality and egg hatch inhibition of M. incognita at all intervals. Inhibition of eggs and J2s mortality were the greatest (90.0%) and (96.0%) at 0.3 mg/mL concentration. Application of phytochemicals caused reduction in number of galls, galling index, and egg masses on tomato plant and enhanced plant growth parameters under screen house conditions. Gall numbers (1.50), galling index (1.00), number of juveniles (4.83) and egg masses (4.00) were greatly reduced and plant growth parameters such as; plant height (28.48 cm), fresh (72.13 g) and dry shoot weights (35.99 g), and root fresh (6.58 g) and dry weights (1.43 g) were increased significantly by using Isoscopletin. In structure activity relationship, juveniles of M. incognita, exhibited variations in their shape and postures upon death when exposed to different concentrations of phytochemicals of Artemisia spp. The present study suggests that Artemisia based phytochemicals possess strong nematicidal effects and can be used effectively in an integrated disease management program against root knot nematodes.

Interaction of Bacillus subtilis with resistant and susceptible tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in the control of Meloidogyne incognita

This study was conducted under controlled conditions to investigate the response of two tomato cultivars and influence of the moment of application of Bacillus subtilis in the control of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. The treatments consisted of susceptible and resistant tomato cultivars and moment of applying Bacillus subtilis before and after planting the tomato seedlings. Were evaluated plant growth, nutrition, nematode reproduction, colonisation and genetic diversity of the genus Bacillus spp. in rhizosphere and substrate. Inoculation of B. subtilis after planting reduced the number of nematodes and both moments of applications promoted reduction of M. incognita eggs in tomato roots. Inoculation of rhizobacteria increased the colonisation of Bacillus sp. in the rhizosphere of both cultivars. The integration of genetic and biological methods did not increase parasite control. B. subtilis inoculated after planting exerts efficient biocontrol against M. incognita reducing the nematode reproduction factor only in the susceptible cultivar.

Effects of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and reactive oxygen species on the resistance of Solanum peruvianum to Meloidogyne incognita

Genes that are resistant to Meloidogyne incognita in tomato are mainly members of the Mi gene family. The Mi-3 gene is a heat-stable R gene that retains resistance under high-temperature soil conditions (below 32 °C). The findings of a preliminary investigation of the signaling pathway of Mi-3-mediated resistance combined with that of a previous transcriptome analysis showed that Mi-3-mediated resistance mainly occurred in the early stages of nematode infection. An coexpression analysis of key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to disease resistance at 3 dpi filtered 7 DEGs as the hub genes that encoded key proteins, including CPKs, RBOHs, HSP, EDS1, and SAPK7. An analysis of the key resistant signal plant hormone pathways, namely, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) showed that both external sprays could alleviate the pathogenicity caused by inactivation of Mi-3 at high temperature (34 °C). Additionally, in the early stage of nematodes inoculation, the initial synthesis of SA and JA in the plant under a state of disease resistance (25 °C) was high. The levels of DEGs (LOXs and PALs) involved in the biosynthesis of both plant hormones were up-regulated in the 25 °C assay. Additionally, after inoculation with nematodes, the high expression of the active oxygen synthesis genes (RBOHs) at 25 °C and the activity determination of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), POD, and catalase (CAT)) indicated that the instantaneous accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was likely to play a positive role in Mi-3-mediated disease resistance.

Application forms and mode of action of biocontroller in the management of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato

ABSTRACT Mixture of antagonist agents and form of application may influence in the control of root-knot nematodes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the action of a biological product based on enzyme mixtures, Bacillus sp. and Trichoderma sp., at different concentrations on hatching, motility, mortality and reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato, considering two ways of application of the product. Eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were placed in biological product solutions at concentrations: 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g L-1. The same concentrations were applied to planting pits or to the soil surface. Afterwards, 3,692 eggs of M. incognita were inoculated in tomato crop. A significant reduction in J2 hatching of M. incognita J2 was observed in the highest concentrations and higher mortality of J2 from concentration of 5 g L-1. The interaction between concentrations and form of application of the product significantly influenced the infectivity and reproduction of M. incognita. Greater root system mass was obtained by applying the biological product to the surface, regardless of concentration.

Elicitation of resistance through the exploration of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato under salt stress condition

Meloidogyne incognita is one of the prime restricting factors of yield in crops. Approaches to diminish the populations are consistently raised, and the application of elicitors as resistance inducers is an option for managing the disease. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the potential of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a chemical activator, as a soil drench to induce resistance against M. incognita infestation with and without salt stress. Results demonstrated that alone and under salt stress, ASM was able to reduce root-knot nematode population in tomato. The applied treatments significantly reduced the root-knot nematode reproduction, increased growth and phenolic compounds in the plants. Treatment of ASM (0.254 mM) with NaCl (100 mM), significantly reduced the root-knot index by 58.0% compared to untreated control. The same combination significantly enhanced the phenolic compounds and dry matter up to 60.6% and 59.0%, respectively, compared to inoculated control. However, the application of the highest concentration of ASM (1.019 mM) alone was the most potent in reducing the eggmasses and root-knot index by 74.4% and 68.0% respectively compared to inoculated control. Additionally, the lowest increase (23.0%) of phenol was observed in ASM (0.509 mM). NaCl alone also reduced the root-knot index by 32.0% and increased phenol accumulation by 47.5%. Moreover, lower concentration of ASM (0.254 mM) in combination with salt stress (NaCl 100 mM) showed significantly higher efficacy. The study revealed that application of ASM through stress modulation effect can activate the inherent M. incognita resistance in tomato, which could contribute substantially in sustainable management of nematode infestation.

Commercial Formulates of Trichoderma Induce Systemic Plant Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato and the Effect Is Additive to That of the Mi-1.2 Resistance Gene.

Meloidogyne is the most damaging plant parasitic nematode genus affecting vegetable crops worldwide. The induction of plant defense mechanisms against Meloidogyne in tomato by some Trichoderma spp. strains has been proven in pot experiments, but there is no information for tomato bearing the Mi-1.2 resistance gene or for other important fruiting vegetable crops. Moreover, Trichoderma is mostly applied for managing fungal plant pathogens, but there is little information on its effect on nematode-antagonistic fungi naturally occurring in soils. Thus, several experiments were conducted to determine (i) the ability of two commercial formulates of Trichoderma asperellum (T34) and Trichoderma harzianum (T22) to induce systemic resistance in tomato and cucumber against an avirulent Meloidogyne incognita population in split-root experiments; (ii) the effect of combining T34 with tomato carrying the Mi-1.2 resistance gene to an avirulent M. incognita population in sterilized soil; and (iii) the effect of combining T34 with tomato carrying the Mi-1.2 resistance gene to a virulent M. incognita population in two suppressive soils in which Pochonia chlamydosporia is naturally present, and the effect of T34 on the level of P. chlamydosporia egg parasitism. Both Trichoderma formulates induced resistance to M. incognita in tomato but not in cucumber. In tomato, the number of egg masses and eggs per plant were reduced by 71 and 54% by T34, respectively. T22 reduced 48% of the number of eggs per plant but not the number of egg masses. T34 reduced the number of eggs per plant of the virulent M. incognita population in both resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars irrespective of the suppressive soil, and its effect was additive with the Mi-1.2 resistance gene. The percentage of fungal egg parasitism by P. chlamydosporia was not affected by the isolate T34 of T. asperellum.

Bio-nematicidal effect of botanicals against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Nematicidal efficacy of five botanicals, viz. turmeric (Curcuma longa), marwatulsi (Origanum majorana), mentha (Mentha arvensis), aonla (Phyllanthus emblica) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) was evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions for their larvicidal properties against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato during 2014–16 at Department of Nematology, CCSHAU, Hisar. Methanolic and hexane extracts of turmeric (Rhizome) showed varying degrees of lethality to M. incognita at different concentrations under in vitro conditions. Per cent larval mortality and inhibition of egg hatching were found to be directly proportional to the concentration of extracts and exposure period. In in vivo experiments, growth parameters and nematode reproduction factors (number of galls/ plant, number of egg masses/plant and final nematode population in soil) were evaluated post-treatment with chopped leaves of botanicals. The study showed that the treatment improved plant growth and reduced pathogen indices. The study suggests the representative role of botanicals in managing M. incognita in tomato plants.

Resistance induction efficiency of silicon dioxide against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato

The tomato root-knot nematode is one of the main phytosanitary problems in crops. Chemical control is the phytosanitary method most used by farmers, and the study of alternative management of phytonematodes is crucial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of silicon dioxide (SiO2) on the initial development of tomato plants, as well as to determine the best dose of SiO2 for inducing resistance to parasitism by M. incognita. This experiment was set up under a completely randomized design with ten treatments and five replicates in a 5×2 factorial arrangement consisting of five concentrations of SiO2 (0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6 g dm-³ of soil) with the presence and absence of M. incognita, under greenhouse conditions. The following variables were evaluated: plant height; number of leaves; fresh and dry weight of shoot; percentage of shoot dry matter; root fresh weight; number of galls; final population of nematodes; and population per gram of root. The M. incognita infection affected plant height, number of leaves and shoot fresh weight, while the application of SiO2 negatively affected the formation of galls in the roots of the inoculated plants and the population per gram of root, reducing the final population of nematodes in the root system. SiO2 also provided greater development in the tomato plants, with a significant effect on plant height. The ideal dose was 0.34 g dm-3 of SiO2.

Effect of Antigonistic yeast on penetration and biology of Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato

Effect of Antigonistic yeast on penetration and biology of <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> in Tomato

Management of root- knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato with liquid bioformulations

Root-knot nematodes are one of the major plant parasitic nematodes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Considering its damage potential, a field experiment was piloted for the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. For this study, Bacillus subtilis (1% A.S) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1% A.S) liquid bioformulations were evaluated. The liquid bioformulations were evaluated in two delivery mechanisms such as nursery drench (5 ml/litre of water) and soil application of bioformulations (5 l ha-1) enriched with FYM (20 t ha-1) individually and in combination and their nematicidal efficacy compared with carbofuran 3G (1 kg a.i.ha-1) and combined application of carbofuran 3G (1 kg a.i.ha- 1) with FYM (20 t ha-1). Among the bioformulations, integrated application of B. amyloliquefaciens (1% A.S) (nursery drench and soil application of enriched FYM) consistently exhibited greater nematicidal activity by resulting maximum percent reduction of nematode population in soil 77.1, 61.5 and 74.6 during 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Therefore, we able to harvest marketable yield of 24.0, 22.5 and 31.1 t ha-1 during 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively which was next to combined application of carbofuran 3G (1 kg a.i.ha-1) with FYM (20 t ha-1). Subsequently, it was followed by B. subtilis 1% A.S (nursery drench and soil application of enriched FYM) found promising and recorded percent reduction of nematode population in soil 52.5, 55.8 and 70.4 with marketable yield of 20.0, 22.0 and 30.4 t ha-1 during 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The present findings indicate that, liquid bioformulations of B. amyloliquefaciens (1% A.S) and B. subtilis (1% A.S) with its delivery mechanisms can be considered as a component underintegrated nematode management of M. incognita tomato under field condition.