Medium Income Level Research Articles

Insights into medication adherence among Jordanian patients with dyslipidemia: evaluating health literacy, well-being, and doctor-patient communication.

This study aimed to assess medication adherence among Jordanian patients with dyslipidemia and evaluate the impact of health literacy, well-being, and doctor-patient communication on adherence in this population. Dyslipidemia is a prevalent condition that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and understanding the factors influencing medication adherence is crucial for improving patient outcomes. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2023. A convenience sample of adult Jordanians diagnosed with dyslipidemia was surveyed in a tertiary hospital using validated scales: the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale-14 (LMAS-14), the Doctor-Patient Communication Scale (DPC), the WHO well-being index, and the health literacy scale. Bivariate analysis and linear regression models were employed to analyze associations. Among 410 participants (mean age 58.62 ± 12.11 years), the mean scores were LMAS-14 (35.10), DPC (55.77), WHO well-being (47.53), and health literacy (38.96). Higher medication adherence was associated with older age (B = 0.093, p = 0.049), university education (B = 2.872, p = 0.017), prior surgery (B = 2.317, p = 0.021), medium income level (B = 3.605, p = 0.006), and better doctor-patient communication (B = 0.166, p = 0.003). Conversely, cigarette smoking (B = -3.854, p = 0.001) and health insurance (B = -2.146, p = 0.039) were linked to lower adherence. The findings underscore the substantial interplay of socio-demographic and clinical factors affecting medication adherence. Enhanced public health interventions focusing on improving health literacy, communication quality, and addressing socio-economic conditions are vital for better adherence and patient outcomes in Jordan.

Variation of All-Cause Mortality with Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) and Fat Mass Index (FMI) in Individuals with Asthma: Results from the NHANES Database Retrospective Cohort Study.

The relationship between fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mass index (FMI), and mortality in patients with asthma remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations between FFMI and FMI and all-cause mortality in a cohort of American adults diagnosed with asthma. This study included 15,200 adults from NHANES. To assess mortality, we linked participant records to the National Death Index. FMI and FFMI were measured and evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Survival differences across quintiles of FFMI and FMI were explored using Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests, with the proportional hazards assumption assessed using Schoenfeld residuals. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality associated with FFMI and FMI, adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and other relevant factors. Additionally, stratified analyses based on theoretical considerations were conducted to identify subgroups of individuals exhibiting an elevated risk of mortality. This study also examined the nonlinear relationships between FFMI, FMI, and mortality using restricted cubic splines (RCS). After a median follow-up of 184 months, 12.11% of individuals had died. Kaplan-Meier plots revealed significant differences in all-cause mortality among patients with asthma across the FFMI and FMI quintiles. Specifically, individuals in the lowest FFMI quintile (Q1, 10.4-16.0, representing the range of FFMI values) exhibited a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.59, 13.5; p < 0.01). Similarly, elevated risks of all-cause mortality were observed in the upper three quintiles of FMI, with Q3 (4.8-6.1) having an HR of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.20, 7.00; p < 0.05), Q4 (6.2-8.3) having an HR of 3.37 (95% CI: 1.41, 8.03; p < 0.01), and Q5 (8.4-22.8) having an HR of 4.6 (95% CI: 1.31, 16.2; p < 0.05). Moreover, the risk of all-cause mortality increased with increasing FMI and decreasing FFMI (p for non-linearity < 0.001 in both cases). Subgroup analyses further elucidated these associations across different categories. In examining the association between FMI and all-cause mortality among asthma patients across various subgroups, a heightened mortality risk found among males, individuals with medium education levels, medium income levels, and those who consume alcohol. The study shows that both high FMI and low FFMI are associated with increased mortality in patients with asthma. These findings underscore the critical role of FMI and FFMI in the health management of asthma patients. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians proactively monitor and adjust these indices to improve patient prognosis and enhance health outcomes for individuals with asthma..

The relationship between fear of birth and feelings of security

Fear of childbirth is experienced in the pre-pregnancy period, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, and the source of fear may vary in each period. It is stated that the experience and fear of childbirth during the birth process also have effects in the postnatal period and it is thought that it may affect feelings of security. This research was conducted in a descriptive and relationship-seeking manner to determine the relationship between fear of birth and feelings of postpartum security. Survey Form, Wijma Birth Expectation/Experience Scale Version B and Mothers’ Postpartum Sense of Security Scale were used to collect data. It was determined that there was a negative and significant relationship between birth expectation/experience and mothers’ feelings of postpartum security (β = − 0.423. p < .001). It has been established that fear of birth is related to mothers’ feelings of birth security, and as the fear of birth increases, the feeling of postpartum security decreases. As a result of the research, it was reported that mothers with high education levels, medium and high income levels, planned pregnancies, receiving prenatal care, and support from their relatives felt safer.

The effect of digital game addiction on aggression and anger levels in adolescents: A cross-sectional study

PurposeIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of digital game addiction on aggression and anger levels in adolescents. Design and methodsThe participants of this cross-sectional study were adolescents. Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire, Game Addiction Scale, and Buss-Perry Aggression Scale. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Anova, correlation and linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. ResultsIn this study, game addiction and aggression levels of adolescents were determined as moderate. The game type that adolescents played the most was determined as war games with 35 %. The mean score of the Game Addiction Scale for male adolescents, those with medium and high income levels, those who play digital games for >8 h a day and every day, was found to be significantly higher. In this study, a positive and moderately significant correlation was found between Game Addiction Scale and Aggression Total Scale and Anger subscale (p < 0.05). Especially male gender (β = 0.273), high income status (β = −0.089), long time playing digital games (β = 0.173) and playing digital games every day (β = 0.360) were determined as predictors that increase game addiction. ConclusionsDigital game addiction can trigger aggression and anger in adolescents. Nurses play a crucial role in screening and identifying adolescents at risk of game addiction to prevent aggression and anger. Practice implicationsAccording to the findings of this research, it is necessary to provide training and counseling to prevent digital game addiction in schools and to plan strategies by psychiatric nurses.

Karakteristik Akseptor KB Suntik 1 Bulan di Praktik Dokter

Background: Family planing program is the way to arrange age of pregnancy, range of pregnancy, number of children which the purpose is to make quality family. There are enhancement number of one month injection contraception acceptors in the world, Indonesia and also in Bali. Fertile age couples in Indonesia have many kinds of characteristics such as age, parity, level of education, occupation, and income. One month injection contraception acceptors in doctor Adi Wibowo came from six village which three of them Bali Aga village who have differences social-culture characteristics. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe characteristic of age, parity, level of education, occupation, and income one month injection contraception acceptors in doctor Adi Wibowo. Methods: This study is observational descriptive quantitative method. This study use total sampling model. This study was held in January 2022. This study was done by giving questionnaire of one month injection contraception characteristics. Results: Based on results, the most age characteristic is 20-35 year category (82%), the most parity characteristic is primipara category (46%), the most level of education characteristic is secondary education level (82%), the most occupation characteristic is jobless category (38%), and the most income characteristic is medium income level category (48%). Conclusion: Acceptors characteristic of one month injection contraception was dominated by group of 20-35 year, primipara, secondary educational level, jobless and medium income.

Comparison of the Association Between Presenteeism and Absenteeism among Replacement Workers and Paid Workers: Cross-sectional Studies and Machine Learning Techniques

BackgroundReplacement drivers represent a significant portion of platform labor in the Republic of Korea, often facing night shifts and the demands of emotional labor. Research on replacement drivers is limited due to their widespread nature. This study examined the levels of presenteeism and absenteeism among replacement drivers in comparison to those of paid male workers in the Republic of Korea. MethodsThis study collected data for replacement drivers and used data from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey for paid male workers over the age of 20 years. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the differences between paid workers and replacement drivers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for presenteeism and absenteeism by replacement drivers. Stratified analysis was conducted for age groups, educational levels, income levels, and working hours. The analysis was adjusted for variables including age, education, income, working hours, working days per week, and working duration. ResultsAmong the 1,417 participants, the prevalence of presenteeism and absenteeism among replacement drivers was 53.6% (n = 210) and 51.3% (n = 201), respectively. The association of presenteeism and absenteeism (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 8.42 [6.36−11.16] and 20.80 [95% CI = 14.60−29.62], respectively) with replacement drivers being significant, with a prominent association among the young age group, high educational, and medium income levels. ConclusionThe results demonstrated that replacement drivers were more significantly associated with presenteeism and absenteeism than paid workers. Further studies are necessary to establish a strategy to decrease the risk factors among replacement drivers.

An approach to the effects and characteristics of political participation through donations in political crowdfunding campaigns in Spain

This work is structured around two exploratory objectives. Firstly, it aims to analyse the effects of connective participation and consumption in which donations in political crowdfunding campaigns can be framed. Secondly, it will study the characteristics and socio-demographic profile of the people who donate to political crowdfunding campaigns. In order to obtain information, we have developed a questionnaire that has resulted in a non-probabilistic purposive sample of one hundred and twenty-five valid and complete responses. The paper closes with a discussion and the presentation of two hypotheses that reflect the main findings of this exploratory study. On the one hand, the characteristics and profile of the participants would be predominantly male, middle-aged (thirty-six to fifty years old), with a high level of formal education (university studies) and a medium income level. On the other hand, the participation analysed is hegemonic among activists with experience and commitment. This fact could reflect an increase in participatory inequalities between participatory and nonparticipatory people as a consequence of the characteristics of the forms of connective action and consumption.

Sick leave one year after COVID-19 infection: a nationwide cohort study during the first wave in Sweden

This study aimed to investigate the patterns of sick leave, as well as factors associated with sick leave due to COVID-19 during one year after the COVID-19 diagnosis, and sex-related aspects on sick leave. This nationwide study involved 11,902 individuals who received sickness benefits for COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. Data from three Swedish registries were analyzed for sick leave that commenced between March 1 and August 31, 2020, with a follow-up period of 12 months. Sick leave due to COVID-19 was counted as the number of days with sickness benefits and required to include at least one registered COVID-19 diagnosis. The median duration of sick leave was 35 days, and 347 (2.9%) individuals continued their sick leave during the entire follow-up period. Furthermore, 1 year later, the cumulative incidence of sick leave was slightly higher in males (3.5%) compared to females (2.7%). Older age, being single with no children, diagnosed with the virus, medium income level, history of sick leave, and need for inpatient care were significantly associated with a higher duration of sick leave due to COVID-19, both in the total population and when stratified by sex. These results indicated that three out of 100 (3%) patients were still on sick leave 1 year after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Aspects regarding the importance of sick leave duration differed between males and females and comprised sociodemographic characteristics and need for inpatient care. The results indicated the complexity of sick leave due to COVID-19.

Factors Influencing Thai Muslims' Willingness to Donate Cash Waqf to Religious Projects

Purpose — Muslim communities in Thailand have lately used cash waqf as a creative strategy to raise seed money from Muslim contributors to implement religious projects such as building religious institutions like mosques and Islamic schools. The factors influencing this unique kind of giving have, to date, rarely been studied. This research attempts to examine the motivational and economic elements that impact people’s willingness to donate (WTD) cash waqf to such religious projects. Design/Methodology/Approach — The study utilised a Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and an ordinal logistic regression method to examine the effects of various independent variables on the WTD. A validated structured questionnaire was utilised to collect primary data from 404 cash waqf donors in the southernmost provinces of Thailand. Findings — When comparing donors with medium income levels to those with higher salary levels, the findings show that donors in the higher salary category were more likely to generate a higher WTD propensity. The probability of donors’ WTD was positively influenced by any reductions in debt levels. Furthermore, factors such as belief in the afterlife, the salience of one’s Muslim identity, and the experience of a warm glow were found to have a positive impact on individuals’ WTD cash waqf to religious projects. Originality/Value — This study utilised the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to examine the cash waqf practices, which has received limited attention in previous scholarly works. Furthermore, the variables employed in this research serve to broaden the scope of understanding in the realm of Islamic philanthropy, surpassing the confines of the attitude-intention framework. Research Limitations/Implications — The factors used in this study encompass the internal drives of potential donors. In reality, a number of external circumstances, such as the validity of the waqf project and the donor’s accessibility to other options, may have an impact on the donor’s choice. Additionally, the scope of this study was restricted to the southern border provinces of Thailand. It would be of interest to conduct additional research that broadens the sample size and geographical scope to include other regions within the country or even other countries with diverse cultural and socioeconomic contexts. This would enable the generalisation of the findings obtained from this study. Practical Implications — Waqf fundraising organisations should focus on boosting awareness among high-income, low-debt people. This population group donates more than middle- and lower-class people. Mosques and religious organisations can use a strategy to help donors reassess the spiritual benefits of waqf giving in relation to the afterlife, the reinforcement of their Muslim identity, and the emotional satisfaction of giving. These motivators will increase the likelihood of mosque donations.

Abstract 18643: An Index to Measure Inequity-Health Equity Index for Guideline Directed Medical Therapy Among HFrEF

Background: Heart failure affects 6.2 million adults in the US with 50% five-year mortality. Effectiveness of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), composed by four different medications, has been established to reduce morbidity and mortality for heart failure with reduction ejection fraction (HFrEF), and with strong incremental impact of number of GDMT medications. Despite immense positive evidence, &lt; 5% of patients with HFrEF are on the appropriate target doses of all 4 GDMTs, and there is substantial disparity of GDMT use among race/ethnic groups or socio-economical levels. However, the study to quantify the inequity of GDMT prescription is lacking. Hypothesis: Significant inequity exists in the GDMT prescription among HFrEF. Aims: We derived a health equity index (HEI) for GDMT prescription for HFrEF patients to provide administrators with an assessment tool for evaluating disparity of GDMT use at a large healthcare system covering diverse geographic areas and population in northern California. Methods: HEI for GDMT (3+ GDMT medications) is estimated by ratio of observed-to-expected values. The number of expected patients with 3+ GDMT medication level was derived from a weighted average of subpopulation distribution of the 3+ GDMT prescription for each race/ethnicity and medium income race/medium income level within the population catchment area. Observed 3+ GDMT use was captured from the medication order data in the EHR. HEI &gt; 1.0 represents existence of health inequity. We applied this method to the whole HFrEF population, and then to each of geographic area where the race/ethnicity and medium income level vary significantly. Results: Among 45,222 HFrEF patients 24.6% had 3+ GDMTs, varying from 19% to 29% in 6 geographic areas. The HEI for the whole HFrEF population was 1.33. Further analysis revealed that highest disparity occurred at East Bay area (Oakland area) (1.67), serving large proportion of non-Hispanic Black patient population, and lowest at Palo Alto area (1.27). Conclusion: HEI for GDMT reflects disparity in receiving adequate care for HFrEF population. Substantial disparity was observed in different geographic areas, implying the priority of delivering equitable care to HFrEF should start with the area with highest disparity.

The associations of parental attitudes and peer bullying with alexithymia in adolescents: A structural equality model

AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between parental attitude and peer bullying and alexithymia in adolescents. MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with adolescents aged 13–18 years within high schools in eastern Turkey. Cluster sampling method was applied, and the study was completed within four high schools determined by random selection method. Sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire form, Peer Bullying Scale Adolescent Form, and Twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were used to collect the data. ResultsAmong the adolescents, 52% were female, 60% had a medium income level, 25.3% were in the 11th grade, 83% were living with their parents, 7.4% had chronic illnesses, 9.2% had psychiatric illnesses, 25.3% had suicidal thoughts, 10.1% engaged in suicidal behavior, and 25.3% used TV, smartphones, or tablets for 3–4 h a day. Rejecting and indifferent parental attitudes were found to be a possible risk factor for alexithymia, bullying and victimization. ConclusionsThis study highlights the connections between parental attitudes, peer bullying, and alexithymia in adolescents. By targeting positive parental attitudes and addressing peer interactions, nurses can effectively contribute to reducing the risk of alexithymia. Practice implicationsThrough collaboration with parents, nurses can establish supportive environments that nurture emotional understanding. Remaining attentive to risk factors, such as chronic illnesses and mental health issues in adolescents, empowers nurses to offer timely support or referrals. Partnerships with educators further enhance emotional awareness and encourage positive peer relationships.

Attitudes toward fertility and childbearing among female University students

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, there has been a significant decrease in childbearing rates in many parts of the world. Young people who delay their marriage plans for various reasons also indirectly delay their childbearing to advanced ages. Postponed childbearing may lead to increased health risks for both mother and child. This study aimed to determine attitude towards fertility and childbearing in female university students. METHODSThis cross-sectional study involved 259 female university students. The data were collected with Attitudes Toward Fertility and childbearing Scale (AFCS). Data were analyzed using t test and one-way ANOVA. RESULTSIn the study 92.7% of the students wanted to become a future mother. The importance of fertility for the future mean score of the students with low income level (21.56±8.14) was found to be lower than the students with medium (25.80±6.51) and high income level (25.29±4.37) (p&lt;0.05). The importance of fertility for the future mean score of only-child students (22.57±7.09) was lower than that of the other students (25.82±6.45). The importance of fertility for the future mean score of the students who did not have a date was also found to be lower than the students who had a date (p&lt;0.05). CONCLUSIONIn the study, students with a low income level, who are an only child and who do not have a date during the study care less about fertility for the future. Also, students with a single-parent family, with siblings, and no previous sexual intercourse identify childbearing more with female identity.

Optimal redistribution with a shadow economy

We extend the theory of optimal redistributive taxation to economies with an informal sector. In particular, in our model, workers can supply labor simultaneously to the formal and the informal sectors, which we call moonlighting. The optimal tax formula contains two novel terms capturing informality responses on an intensive and an extensive margin. Both terms decrease the optimal tax rates. We estimate the model with Colombian data and find that informality strongly reduces tax rates at all income levels. The possibility to migrate to entirely informal employment restricts tax rates at low and medium income levels, while the possibility of moonlighting is relevant at higher earnings.

Aglomerados de risco para ocorrência de hanseníase e as incapacidades em menores de 15 anos em Cuiabá: um estudo geoespacial

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of leprosy and disabilities in children under 15 years of age in Cuiabá. Methods Ecological study carried out in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study population consisted of leprosy cases in children under 15 years old notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, between 2008 and 2018. Based on residential addresses, cases were georeferenced. In the analysis of the spatial distribution of the cases, the estimation of the Kernel density was used and, later, the statistics of spatial, spatio-temporal and Spatial Variation in Temporal Trends were applied. Results 514 cases of leprosy were reported in children under 15 years of age in Cuiabá, with a percentage of 10.1% of cases with degree of physical disability 1 and 2.3% with degree of physical disability 2 at the time of diagnosis. With the techniques of spatial and spatio-temporal scanning, clusters of risk for leprosy were identified in the North, West, East and South regions of Cuiabá, and with the technique of Spatial Variation in Temporal Trends, a cluster was identified in the West region of Cuiabá. Conclusion In Cuiabá, cases of leprosy in children under 15 years of age with disabilities were distributed throughout the urban area of the city, with the highest density of cases in the North and West regions, followed by the East region. The clusters with the highest Relative Risk were identified in the East and West regions, characterized by having low and medium income levels

Clusters of risk for the occurrence of leprosy and disabilities in children under 15 years of age in Cuiabá: a geospatial study

This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of leprosy and disabilities in children under 15 years of age in Cuiabá. Ecological study carried out in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study population consisted of leprosy cases in children under 15 years old notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, between 2008 and 2018. Based on residential addresses, cases were georeferenced. In the analysis of the spatial distribution of the cases, the estimation of the Kernel density was used and, later, the statistics of spatial, spatio-temporal and Spatial Variation in Temporal Trends were applied. 514 cases of leprosy were reported in children under 15 years of age in Cuiabá, with a percentage of 10.1% of cases with degree of physical disability 1 and 2.3% with degree of physical disability 2 at the time of diagnosis. With the techniques of spatial and spatio-temporal scanning, clusters of risk for leprosy were identified in the North, West, East and South regions of Cuiabá, and with the technique of Spatial Variation in Temporal Trends, a cluster was identified in the West region of Cuiabá. In Cuiabá, cases of leprosy in children under 15 years of age with disabilities were distributed throughout the urban area of the city, with the highest density of cases in the North and West regions, followed by the East region. The clusters with the highest Relative Risk were identified in the East and West regions, characterized by having low and medium income levels.

Associations of peak season ozone with blood pressure among older adults without hypertension in a high exposure country: evidence from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2005 to 2018

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Evidence based on long-term prospective cohort studies is lacking to investigate the association between ambient ozone (O3) and blood pressure among older adults. We aim to evaluate the associations of peak season O3 with change of blood pressure in a long-term cohort study among older adults without hypertension. METHODS: We included 5940 older adults aged &amp;#x2265;65 years and with repeated measurements of blood pressure from 2005 to 2018 in 23 provinces of China, estimated monthly O3 exposures at 0.05 &amp;#xb0; ×0.05 &amp;#xb0; resolution were matched to each participant. Peak season O3 exposure was measured as the average from April to September. Outcomes include blood pressure measurements of SBP, DBP, PP and MAP. Linear mixed models were performed to evaluate the associations between O3 exposures and blood pressure. Natural splines were applied to explore the potential non-linear concentration-response associations. RESULTS: In this study, peak-season O3 ranges from 72.6 to 151.7 &amp;#x3bc;g/m3 in China. In fully adjusted model, per 10 &amp;#x3bc;g/m3 increase in peak season O3 was associated with increases of 2.46 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85-3.06) in SBP, 2.46 mmHg (95%CI: 1.94-2.99) in PP and 0.74 mmHg (95%CI: 0.38-1.11) in MAP, but non-significant decrease in DBP. Female, ethnic minorities, and older adults who were not in marriage, underweight, with medium or low income levels were susceptible to O3 exposure. Non-linear curves indicated that the effect of O3 exposure on SBP, PP and MAP were monotone increasing, with faster increase in risk magnitude before WHO interim target 1 at 100 &amp;#x3bc;g/m3, but slow down thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: The study added evidence to support the World Health Organization interim targets for peak-season O3, however, lower interim targets should be set to maintain healthy blood pressure among populations in countries with high O3 concentrations. KEYWORDS:Ozone; blood pressure; older adult; cohort study

To Study on Knowledge of Onion Crop Production Technology by Farmers Sikar District of Rajasthan, India

Agriculture is a major sector of the Indian economy, which provides employment for large proportion of the predominantly rural population. Besides this it also provides food for human consumption and raw materials for industries. There has been tremendous growth (20.32 per cent compound) in exports of processed fruit and vegetables particularly following new economic policies. India is the second largest producer of vegetables in the world next only to China. The average productivity of vegetable crops in India is considerable low (18 metric tons per hectare) as compared to that in other agriculturally developed countries of the world.&#x0D; Agriculture sectors crop production has its own emphasis and importance. The study was conducted in Sikar district of Rajasthan to measure the knowledge and adoption of onion crop production technology. Total 120 respondents were selected randomly. The data was collected by personal interview method by using pre structure interview schedule later appropriate statistical analysis is done to find out the meaningful results. The majority of the respondents 50 percentage belongs to middle aged group. 35.84 percentage belongs to illiterate and 48.33 percent were doing agriculture as main occupation. 46.67 per cent have medium income level. Majority of 49.17 per cent respondents belongs to low level of knowledge and 44.17 per cent belongs to medium adoption level.

CURRENT MEGATRENDS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

The article describes the main modern socio-economic megatrends in Ukraine. It has been proven that the level of resilience of the socio-economic system not only in Ukraine has significantly decreased as a result of the disruption of the logistics channels for the supply of food and agricultural products, as well as the properties of stability and adaptability of the economic systems of most countries of the world with low and medium income levels have been significantly disturbed, as the cost has increased significantly of essential products (food), which affects both the solvency and the level of consumption in GDP. In the context of the acquisition of a high level of resilience in the socio-economic system, studying its diversification and export orientation requires special attention. This is important in the conditions of the low level of solvency of domestic consumers, which does not contribute to the development of the domestic market, the reduction of trade turnover with foreign countries, the low effectiveness of stimulating domestic production, the high cost of technologies for Ukrainian manufacturers, which reduces the competitiveness of manufactured goods on the domestic and foreign markets, etc. The following are possible environmental threats that are the consequences of the Russian Federation’s invasion of Ukraine. The risk of the resilience of socio-economic systems due to the growth of migration processes, particularly the increase in the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs), is outlined. Irreversible human losses due to hostilities and significant volumes of mass internal and external migration became the heaviest price for Ukraine. The military conflict leads to the loss of human potential as an essential endogenous factor in the resilience of the socio-economic system; namely, it occurs.

Covid-19 Salgını Sürecinde Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitim Yöntemi ile İlgili Görüşleri ve Kaygı Düzeyleri

This study was conducted to identify the views and anxiety levels of university students regarding distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The population of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of the students studying at seven health-related departments at two state universities in Turkey. The data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researchers and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The results revealed that 50.2% of the students were first-year students, 30% were studying at the first and emergency aid program, 79.3% had a medium-income level, 50.1% lived in a metropolitan area, and 83% had a nuclear family. 50.9% of the students were satisfied with the distance education system, 52.1% found the lessons given through the distance education method partially understandable, 46.7% found the lecturing styles partially plain and understandable, and 72.7% had exam anxiety. The SAI score of the students was found to be 59.0±5.30 (range 29–73), and 52.8% of them had a moderate anxiety level. While the level of anxiety in students varied significantly according to gender, department, and family income, no significant difference was found among the participants in terms of age, year of study, family type, place of residence, and the presence of chronic and psychological illnesses. The anxiety scores of those who were not satisfied with the distance education, who experienced exam anxiety, who understood the online lessons partially, and who attended the lessons were found to be significantly higher. The study demonstrated that university students experienced anxiety about distance education and exams during the Covid-19 pandemic.

352Postpartum diet quality: A cross-sectional analysis from the Australian longitudinal study on women’s health

Abstract Background Reproductive-aged women are at high risk of developing obesity, and diet quality is a potential modifiable risk factor. There is limited research exploring postpartum diet quality. Methods Using data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on women’s Health of women, who reported having previously given birth, we investigated the association between time since childbirth and diet quality, and differences in energy, macronutrients, micronutrient intake, and diet quality assessed by the dietary guideline index (DGI) in women stratified by time from last childbirth, early (≤6 months; n = 558) and late (7–12 months; n = 547), and others (&amp;gt;12 months post childbirth; n = 3434). Results From this cohort, 4539 participants completed a food frequency questionnaire and were included in this analysis. Overall, diet quality was higher in early and late postpartum women (mean DGI score 89.8±10.5 and 90.0±10.2, respectively) compared to others (&amp;gt;12 months post childbirth), (85.2±11.7; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Factors positively associated with diet quality included higher education, physical activity, health provider support, and vitamin and/or mineral supplement use. Conversely, increasing time from childbirth (&amp;gt;12 months), smoking compared with non-smoking and medium income level compared with no income was negatively associated with diet quality. Conclusions A lower diet quality in women &amp;gt;12 months post childbirth may be reflective of increased pressures, balancing childrearing and return to work responsibilities. This highlights the need to support women beyond the postpartum period to improve modifiable factors associated with weight gain, including diet quality, to optimize health and reduce chronic disease risk. Key messages Diet quality; nutrition; obesity; prevention; postpartum; reproductive; women