Regeneration Medium Research Articles

Media conflictology as a field of research: working out theoretical approaches

The authors discuss both the main approaches in existing media and conflict studies that examine the relationship and interaction between media and conflict, and using theoretical mapping construct the media conflictology as a field of knowledge. The conceptual blocks of media conflictology as an integral field of research are defined and its structure is proposed. Thus, media conflictology as an emerging field of research includes the study of groups involved in media conflict, counting various Internet communities and other subjects of media communication; the stages of conflict represented in the media and the influence of media communication on the “life cycle” of conflict; the totality of the causes of media representation of conflict, with political, ideological and ethno-cultural factors; the analysis of the external context of conflict representation in the media, as well as the national media system, politics and regulation, communication culture and axiological aspects of conflict. A key feature of media conflict studies is the focus of academic attention on media representations and media effects of conflicts, rather than on the conflicts themselves.

Media, State and Reciprocal Transparency: Normative Expectations and Regulatory Possibilities in a Proposal of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA)

Media transparency has been seen as an important principle in media policy and regulation for a long time. Overall, this study attempts to offer three contributions. First, it provides theoretical conceptualization of transparency as a relational concept involving three collective actors – media, state and citizens. Second, it introduces the concept of “reciprocal transparency”. Third, it explores regulatory trends and possibilities concerning reciprocal transparency under the proposed draft of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA).

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLCHICINE AND ORYZALIN ON POLYPLOIDY INDUCTION IN TEAK (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) IN VITRO

Indonesian government has launched a community plantation forests program that would be beneficial for remedying shortage in domestic demand for teak wood every year. This program needs to be supported by the availability of quality seeds resources and quality seedlings utilizing polyploid teak (Tectona grandis). Our study aimed to examine the effectiveness of colchicine and oryzalin to modify diploid into polyploid T. grandis based on growth response, morphological, anatomical and cytological alteration, as well as the acclimatization ability of polyploid plantlets. The materials used were aseptic lateral shoots consisting of nodal segments which were immersed in antimitotic agents at the concentration of 0, 15 and 30 μM for 5 days, then cultured on regeneration medium until the 8 weeks and followed by acclimatization. The results showed that colchicine at the concentration of 30 μM was the most effective to induce polyploidy of plantlets in the parameter of high growth rate, the length of internodes, the number of leaf plantlets and increase the leaf surface area and the significant chlorophyll index content compared to the control. Anatomical analysis of polyploid was characterized by increasing the leaf thickness, stomata size, decreased stomatal density and increased chloroplast content in guard cells. Based on cytological examination on polyploidy plantlet, there was an increased in the number of chromosomes in the cell nucleus. The acclimatization of polyploid successfully induced rooting and a 100% survival rate of grown plantlets. Polyploid seedlings were able to grow and well adapted to the new environment of acclimatization

Gender Stereotyping in Media - Bias and Discrimination

Gender stereotyping in media is a pervasive issue that refers to depictions of individuals or groups conforming to cultural expectations about gender roles and traits. Various forms of media, such as television, film, advertising, and social media, often present gender in stereotypical and limiting ways, perpetuating harmful societal norms. This perpetuation creates a cycle of gender bias and discrimination, affecting self-esteem, career opportunities, and overall well-being. These stereotypes can be damaging because they reinforce preconceived notions about masculinity and femininity. Efforts in the media industry aim to confront and modify these stereotypes through diverse and inclusive storytelling, promoting positive role models, and enhancing media literacy. Recognizing and challenging gender stereotypes in the media is crucial for promoting gender equality and dismantling harmful cultural practices. The article highlights the consequences of gender stereotyping in media, such as reinforcing traditional gender roles, objectification, and underrepresentation. It underscores the importance of media content creators, regulators, and consumers being aware of these biases and actively working toward more inclusive and equitable portrayals of gender.

Small apps for digital futures: Podcasting ecology in contemporary China

This article investigates the complex ecology of podcasting in contemporary China, drawing on 22 in-depth interviews with 26 podcasters, the close reading of two case studies and the mapping of 35 podcasts across different apps and platforms. I examine podcasters’ use of what I call small app infrastructures and other digital platforms to distribute content, build networks and foster community engagement. The research reveals that Chinese podcasters creatively navigate the tensions between their aspirations for autonomy and the constraints imposed by media regulation, censorship and the domination of megacorps and super apps. By highlighting the techno-political contexts of Chinese podcasting and the intricate networks built by podcasters, this study contributes to the growing body of literature on podcasting as a constitutive part of the evolving platform economy and calls for greater attention to podcasters’ efforts to maintain autonomy in an increasingly centralized digital environment.

Germination of Cotyledonary Somatic Embryos into Plantlets on Coffea arabica L. of AS2K clone

Andung Sari 2 Klon (AS2K) is an Indonesian superior clone of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Coffee plants require two years to complete their life cycle, resulting in genetic development by conventional breeding which is a significant challenge because it takes at least twenty years to produce new varieties that are ready to be marketed. Conventional coffee propagation via shoot cutting is detrimental to the strength and resistance of C. arabica L. cutting roots. Plants lack a taproot, allowing them to collapse easily, and they are frequently attacked by nematodes during the early stages of their growth. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) propagation was possible to produce an excessive number of somatic embryos for the development of plantlets during the availability of elite clones in a field experiment. The purpose of this study was to improve the plant conversion of SE by assessing the effect of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on plantlet regeneration in AS2K clone Arabica coffee. Cotyledonary embryos were transferred to plantlet regeneration medium, which consisted of a half-strength MS basal medium containing 1 mg/L IBA supplemented with different concentrations (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mg/l) BAP and (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/l) GA3. Plantlet regeneration was established by using combination of 3 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L GA3 as well as combination of 3 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L GA3.

The Impact of Social Media Crisis on Business: BMW Ice Cream Incident as an Example

On 20 April 2023, BMW was accused of suspected anti-Chinese discrimination at Shanghai international Automobile Industry Exhibition show, mainly because the staff at BMW booth appeared to have deliberately ignored requests from Chinese people to receive free ice-cream. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of social media crisis on the business, by taking this BMW ice cream incident as an example. The main research methodology in this article is to use ARIMA model to predict the trend of the BMW share price excluding the effect of this incident based on stock return analysis and then compare it to the real data. The findings from this research provide evidence that predicted stock price are close to the real one, which shows that the possible short-term negative impact of BMWs reputation may appear as a result of this incident, but due to BMWs quality and product status, the negative performance will still not exist for a long-term. The main conclusion drawn from this study is social media scandal may not have lasting impact on business. Different from previous literature, this study contributes on the ARIMA analysis on the certain companys data to derive the relationship between the stock price and the social media crisis. Recommendations include: Improving social media regulation for policy makers; Establishing dedicated teams for dealing with social media information; Changing investment strategy cautiously based on social media messages.

Navigating Independence and Accountability : Media Regulation in the Mediterranean Model－France, Italy, and Spain

Navigating Independence and Accountability : Media Regulation in the Mediterranean Model－France, Italy, and Spain

Optimization of the regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in pear

Conventional breeding in pears is inefficient due to a long juvenile phase and self-incompatibility. Genetic transformation offers a promise to expedite the breeding process. However, the frequencies of regeneration and genetic transformation in most Pyrus spp. are relatively low. This study investigated various factors influencing regeneration and genetic transformation using leaves from Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim “Shanli” and P. communis L. “Conference” as explants. The optimum regeneration medium for “Shanli” and “Conference” was NN69 containing 3.0 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.3 mg L−1 indolybutyric acid (IBA) for the former or 1.0 mg L−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for the latter. Sectioning the leaves from 30-day-old plantlets transversely and placing them with their abaxial side facing downward could significantly improve the regeneration ratio in both accessions. Moreover, a two- or four-week culture under the dark was beneficial for the regeneration of “Shanli” and “Conference” respectively. The optimal infection time was 12 and 8 min, while the time of the delayed screening test was two and one day for “Shanli” and “Conference” respectively. Moreover, a coculture of two days was recommended for both accessions. Post-transformation, the optimal concentrations of antibiotics were 16 mg L−1 kanamycin (Kan), 150 mg L−1 timentin (Tim), and 300 mg L−1 cefotaxime (Cef). The optimized regeneration and transformation system can be an effective alternative for either gene function analysis or genetic improvement in pear.

Efficient in vitro regeneration of Artemisia annua: effect of different combinations of plant growth regulators on various types of explants

The global supply chain of artemisinin for treating malaria relies on the natural population of Artemisia annua. To enhance artemisinin levels in planta, genetic and molecular interventions, and clonal propagation through tissue culture is being explored worldwide. This investigation establishes an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration by utilizing various plant growth regulators that have significant effects on plant development. Leaf and petiole explants of A. annua were cultured on MS media with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The highest frequency of callus development (96.13 ± 0.89% response) was observed in explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.4 mg l−1 thidiazuron (TDZ). The most effective regeneration medium for shoot formation from explants included 0.3 mg l−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.5 mg l−1 BA, which resulted in a regeneration response of 88.90 ± 2.48%. The MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA demonstrated the highest root initiation from the regenerated shoots. These findings have the potential to contribute to the efficient in vitro regeneration of A. annua and facilitate the generation of genetically modified plants with improved artemisinin content.

Research on Ways to Ameliorate the Degree of Peoples Euroscepticism after the Brexit Referendum

After the Brexit referendum, some scholars predicted it could have a demonstration effect, leading to increased public skepticism towards the European Union (EU). In response to this challenge, EU countries have implemented a series of reform measures, which have proven to be effective, but with varying degrees of success. Previous research mainly focused on the impact of Brexit on the EU and the countermeasures taken by the EU, without a deeper study of which combination of reform measures is more effective. This paper conducts a qualitative comparative analysis of the various reforms implemented by EU member states. The results show that the most effective combination of measures consists of three parallel causal paths: effective promotion of EU citizenship, effective economic policy reform, and reduction of social welfare; effective promotion of EU citizenship, increased awareness of hate speech and other extremist discourse through education, increased support for refugees and ethnic minorities, and strengthened social media regulation; effective promotion of EU citizenship, promotion of cultural understanding through education, increased support for civil society organizations against extremism, and effective economic policy reform. Effective citizenship reform presents to be a necessary condition. The paths to reducing public skepticism towards the EU are diverse, and effective economic policy reform, strengthened social media regulation, and promotion of cultural understanding through education are all more effective in increasing public trust in the EU.

From Europeanisation to EU-ization: The Media Case

It is widely argued that the success of the European Union has delivered more than half a century of peace, stability, and prosperity in Europe, and that this is the outcome of the Europeanization process. In this paper we support the idea that although Europeanization is a fashionable concept, it is also a contested one. We consider, among others, that the main achievement of the European Union as harmonization of the regulatory frameworks among its 27 member states, is the outcome of an EU-ization process that has gradually developed in the 30 years at least. We use the case of media regulation initiated by the European Union to show that the case of EU-ization, at least in the communications landscape, seems to be the driver of the incremental engagement of the EU in the sector.

Use of nurse endosperm for the culture of haploid embryos produced by durum wheat x maize crosses

The use of doubled-haploids in plant breeding programs enables accelerating the release of new varieties adapted to climate change. The durum wheat x maize crosses technique is a method of choice for producing durum wheat haploid plants. The haploid embryos produced by this method develop without albumen and their survival is ensured by post-pollination hormonal treatments. In this study, nine post-pollination treatments with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Picloram and Dicamba at the concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 mg.L-1 were applied to 7 durum wheat genotypes. The effects of genotype and post-pollination treatment on durum wheat haploid embryos produced by durum wheat x maize crosses and the use of the endosperm nursing technique for haploid plantlets regeneration were investigated. The haploid induction parameters varied with the durum wheat genotypes as well as the post-pollination treatments. The phenomenon of polyembryony resulting from durum wheat x maize crosses is reported for the first time in this article. The durum wheat genotypes showed different abilities to produce monoembryo and polyembryos. The post-pollination treatments with 2,4-D (10 mg.L-1) and Picloram (10 and 100 mg.L-1) gave a higher embryo formation frequency than the treatments with Dicamba. The embryo conversion to plantlet was greatly improved, especially in recalcitrant genotypes using the durum wheat endosperm as supplemental nourishment in combination with the Gamborg B5 regeneration medium.
 Keywords: Durum wheat; Haploid embryo; Maize; Nurse Endosperm Technique; Polyembryony

REPORTING IN DAILY NEWSPAPERS IN SERBIA AND REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA IMMEDIATELY AFTER ACTS OF VIOLENCE: A CASE STUDY OF THE MASS MURDER AT VLADISLAV RIBNIKAR PRIMARY SCHOOL

On the first day after the mass murder, a qualitative content analysis was conducted on nine daily newspapers in Republic of Srpska and Serbia. It aimed to determine the existence of similarities in the reporting of daily newspapers in the two countries, compare the existing reporting with current media regulations and self-regulation, identify any violations, and provide recommendations for future, more ethical reporting, given that a number of ethical lapses were observed in the reporting. The analysis of this event has both scientific and societal justification because the event impacted all members of society, and one of the tasks of science is to provide concrete advice on how to report ethically, professionally, and in accordance with recommendations and existing norms. Ethical lapses in the media can have consequences during times of crisis, shock, disbelief, panic and concern, which were understandably triggered in the audience, given that an event of this nature had not been recorded in our societies before.

Legislative regulation of mass media and culture in Ukraine: governmental priorities and social request

Legislative regulation of mass media and culture in Ukraine: governmental priorities and social request

The Urgency of Using YouTube Channels as Loan Collateral: Orientation and Limitations from a Progressive Legal Perspective

This scientific article presents a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulations and progressive legal aspects associated with using YouTube channels as collateral in Indonesian businesses. In the digital era, the complexity of relevant laws and regulations necessitates a progressive legal approach to accommodate digital assets, copyright protection, and personal data security while considering their impact on business transactions. The primary objective of this research is to examine the legal framework concerning the use of YouTube channels as collateral in Indonesia. Employing a normative legal research methodology and a legislative and conceptual approach, this study delves into the legal framework. The source materials include legislation, court decisions, legal literature, and scholarly articles, utilizing in-depth document analysis for data collection and analysis. The results of this research shed light on the multifaceted legal regulations governing the utilization of YouTube channels as collateral, encompassing legislation, copyright protection, consumer rights, and social media regulations, emphasizing the importance of understanding rights and responsibilities, and consulting legal experts. From a progressive legal perspective, the use of YouTube channels as collateral mirrors the legal adaptation to digital assets, acknowledging their economic value but requiring careful consideration of limitations such as fluctuating digital asset value, ownership changes, copyright, and data privacy. The significance of individual rights, copyright protection, and data privacy must be safeguarded within progressive legal regulations. This study contributes to the legal discourse on digital asset usage in Indonesia, offering insights into the evolving legal landscape and its implications for digital business transactions and asset management. Highlights: Legal Complexity: The study explores the intricate legal landscape governing the use of YouTube channels as collateral in digital business transactions. Progressive Legal Adaptation: It highlights the need for progressive legal approaches to accommodate digital assets, copyright protection, and data privacy in the digital era. Rights Safeguarding: The research emphasizes the importance of upholding individual rights, copyright protection, and data privacy within the legal framework for digital collateral use. Keywords: YouTube Collateral, Legal Framework, Digital Business, Copyright Protection, Data Privacy

Natural Law, Constitutionalism and Media Laws: What’s Amiss in Media Regulations?

The adverse effects of media today mandate the mulling of appropriate reforms for effective regulation of media. The research in hand attempts to study the adverse impacts of biased reporting and subsequently suggests suitable reforms for improving media legislation. The methodology is descriptive, comparative, and critical. Findings propose minimum content of media laws for all jurisdictions based on naturalism and constitutionalism. Naturalism and constitutionalism are the ends of the law and provide protection of life, liberty, property, dignity, etc. Naturalism means natural law i.e. ultimate values to which all laws must conform. Constitutionalism in this research connotes the ultimate law in a country based on natural law e.g. U.S. Constitution which is based on natural law. Results have significance across the world for improving the standards of media reporting. Studies of this kind proposing media reforms have been attempted before without any meaningful results proposed. U.S., India, and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have been chosen for case studies of media laws due to the rise of increasing intolerance in these countries.

A Systematic Literature Review on Cyberbullying in Social Media: Taxonomy, Detection Approaches, Datasets, And Future Research Directions

In the area of Natural Language Processing, sentiment analysis, also called opinion mining, aims to extract human thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions from unstructured texts. In the light of social media's rapid growth and the influx of individual comments, reviews and feedback, it has evolved as an attractive, challenging research area. It is one of the most common problems in social media to find toxic textual content. Anonymity and concealment of identity are common on the Internet for people coming from a wide range of diversity of cultures and beliefs. Having freedom of speech, anonymity, and inadequate social media regulations make cyber toxic environment and cyberbullying significant issues, which require a system of automatic detection and prevention. As far as this is concerned, diverse research is taking place based on different approaches and languages, but a comprehensive analysis to examine them from all angles is lacking. This systematic literature review is therefore conducted with the aim of surveying the research and studies done to date on classification of cyberbullying based in textual modality by the research community. It states the definition, , taxonomy, properties, outcome of cyberbullying, roles in cyberbullying along with other forms of bullying and different offensive behavior in social media. This article also shows the latest popular benchmark datasets on cyberbullying, along with their number of classes (Binary/Multiple), reviewing the state-of-the-art methods to detect cyberbullying and abusive content on social media and discuss the factors that drive offenders to indulge in offensive activity, preventive actions to avoid online toxicity, and various cyber laws in different countries. Finally, we identify and discuss the challenges, solutions, additionally future research directions that serve as a reference to overcome cyberbullying in social media.

Optimization of the Media and Plant Growth Regulators for Clonal Propagation of Adansonia digitata L.: An Endangered Tree

This research carried out to evaluate the influence of different nutrient media, specifically Murashige and Skoog (MS), Anderson medium (AM), and Woody Plant Medium (WPM), in both liquid and semisolid forms, on the in vitro growth of shoots and roots in Adansonia digitata (baobab) using nodal segments as the starting explants. These media were supplemented with varying concentrations of two plant growth regulators, NAA (0.1-1.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.2-2.0 mg/l).The results of the study demonstrated that Adansonia digitata explants exhibited the highest increase in both the number and length of shoots when cultured on MS medium with a combination of NAA (0.3 mg/l) and BAP (0.5 mg/l) in a semisolid state. The average number of shoots reached 3.8±2.33, and their average length was 2.3±2.00 cm. Plantlets grown on MS medium exhibited well-developed leaves and shoots.Further experiments were conducted with in vitro shoots, exploring various concentrations of the auxin NAA and cytokinins BAP, TDZ, and KN on MS medium. The findings indicated that BAP and NAA were more effective in promoting shoot proliferation compared to the other tested hormones. The combination of BAP (0.5 mg/l) and NAA (0.2 mg/l) significantly improved the shoot proliferation rate, with the highest percentage (60.4%) and the greatest number of regenerated shoots (4.8±2.33) observed on MS medium.In contrast, plantlets cultured in both AM and WPM media displayed lower averages for shoot and root numbers and lengths compared to those grown on MS medium. The maximum number of roots (3.1±1.66) was obtained when MS medium was augmented with IBA at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l.Subsequently, the produced plantlets were gradually transferred to pots filled with a mixture of perlite and cocopeat in a 1:3 ratio and placed in a greenhouse for further growth.

Local media in transitional fragile states: The cases of Iraq and Libya

Local media that cater to their local communities are still rare in Arab countries due to government control and centralization of media production. In some transitional states, however, we observe a mushrooming of new local small media initiatives after regulation modes have changed. Yet, these media operate in often fragile states in which a sustainable development of autonomous media is difficult to achieve. In this study, we investigate how local media in Iraq and Libya unfolded and developed over the past decade(s) after regime change. We map the status quo and compare the proliferation of small local media in both countries against the backdrop of media capture and flawed media regulation – patterns that are typical for transitional states.