Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with psoriasis, yet structured CVD prevention is not routinely embedded in dermatology care. To evaluate the effectiveness of a text-messaging intervention in improving patient activation and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with psoriasis. This single-center, parallel-group randomized clinical trial took place at a tertiary hospital dermatology clinic in Australia from February 2024 to February 2025. Adults with dermatologist-confirmed psoriasis were randomized 1:1 during outpatient dermatology visits between April and July 2024. Data were analyzed from February to April 2025. A 6-month text-messaging intervention (Tobacco, Exercise, and Diet Messages for Psoriasis [TEXTME PSO]), comprising 4 text messages per week, compared with standard care. The primary outcome was score on the 13-item Patient Activation Measure. Secondary outcomes included Mediterranean Diet Score, physical activity, cardiometabolic measures, psoriasis-CVD knowledge, medication adherence, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and user feedback. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for baseline values under an intention-to-treat framework with multiple imputation. Among 111 participants (mean [SD] age, 51.8 [13.2] years; 71 [65.1%] male), the intervention showed a statistically significant improved patient activation at 6 months compared with usual care (adjusted mean difference, 10.8 points; 95% CI, 7.0-14.6 points; P < .001). Statistically significant improvements were also observed in Mediterranean diet adherence (adjusted mean difference, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.4; P < .001), medication adherence (adjusted mean difference, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.8-2.5; P < .001), and psoriasis-CVD knowledge (adjusted mean difference, 6.6; 95% CI, 4.7-8.4; P < .001). Minutes per week of physical activity increased (adjusted mean difference, 127.9; 95% CI, 21.9-234.0; P = .02), and body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, decreased (adjusted mean difference, -1.0; 95% CI, -1.4 to -0.7; P < .001). No statistically significant between-group differences were observed for lipid parameters, hemoglobin A1c, smoking behavior, dermatology-specific quality of life, or psoriasis severity. In this randomized clinical trial, a text-messaging intervention improved patient activation and cardiovascular risk behaviors in adults with psoriasis. While biomarker changes were modest or not statistically significant, findings support digital tools as an adjunct to cardiovascular risk in dermatology care. ANZCTR Identifier: ACTRN12624000498594.

BackgroundWith the aging of the global population, preventing the onset of mobility limitations is considered a worldwide public health priority.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a predictive model for incident early mobility limitations (EMLs) in late middle-aged and older adults, based on a simple functional test and modifiable lifestyle factors to facilitate a home-based self-assessment of early mobility decline and promote lifestyle intervention strategies.MethodsOur study population was community dwellers aged 45 years and above who participated in the second and fourth waves of the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study. The included participants were healthy, nonfrail adults reporting no limitations in activities of daily living at baseline. At the 6-year follow-up, participants with poor physical performance (walking speed <1 m/s or handgrip strength <28 kg for males and <18 kg for females) or reporting some difficulty in walking and/or climbing stairs were classified as experiencing EMLs. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to identify predictors from various factors, and 6 machine learning models were trained and evaluated for EML prediction, using bootstrap-based techniques to address class imbalance. Predictive ability was quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Variable importance analysis was used to identify key predictors.ResultsA total of 1344 participants were included in the analysis, of which 206 (15.33%) developed EMLs after a median follow-up of 6.67 (IQR 5.91‐7.26) years. Those who developed EMLs were older, had a higher BMI, a lower alternate Mediterranean diet score, and poorer performance in the sit-to-stand (STS) test, as well as lower estimated muscle power from the STS at baseline. The final models included 6 out of 9 predictors: age, sex, BMI, alternate Mediterranean diet score, STS power, and dietary calcium intake. Four machine learning models (logistic regression, LASSO, support vector machine, and neural network) achieved an acceptable AUC value (≥0.70) or slightly below in the testing dataset, with the neural network performing the best (AUC 0.70, 95% CI 0.63‐0.77). Curve analysis showed positive net benefits for LASSO and logistic regression. Bootstrapping did not improve classification performance. Advanced age, lower adherence to Mediterranean diet, lower muscle power estimated from STS test, and higher BMI at baseline emerged as the most important predictors of EMLs.ConclusionsThis study shows that EMLs in Chinese adults aged 45 years and older can be predicted using easy-to-obtain physical performance measures, age, sex, BMI, and specific nutritional factors. The combination of prediction models and variable importance analysis provides valuable insights for the early identification and intervention of EMLs. More efforts are needed to validate our findings in external cohorts.

Long-term increase in Mediterranean diet adherence combined with decrease in ultra-processed food consumption is associated with reduction in depressive symptoms: Results from the Moli-sani study.

To explore food group intake and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) in a representative sample of 2833 middle-aged and older adults from the HERMEX study. This cross-sectional study utilized a food frequency questionnaire to assess food group intake and measured MD adherence using the MD Score. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics were also analyzed. Among participants, 74% were living with overweight or obesity, 69.9% were non-smokers, and 88% showed medium-high adherence to the MD. Compared to the national dietary recommendations issued by the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN), 76% had carbohydrate intake below recommended levels (average intake: 35.4%), whereas 73.5% consumed protein at 16.6% of total energy intake. Only 2% of participants adhered to the fat intake recommendation (<35% of total energy). Consumption of fruits, vegetables, cereals, potatoes, and eggs was below recommendations, while intake of legumes, nuts, fish, seafood, and dairy met or nearly met the recommendations. Meat consumption exceeded recommendations. Macronutrient intake (carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber) was similar across BMI groups. However, participants with obesity consumed fewer nuts, whereas those with normal weight had a higher intake of red wine compared to individuals with overweight (p<0.05). MD adherence was similar across BMI groups (34 points on a 0-55 scale). Prevalence of overweight and obesity was high despite medium-high adherence to the MD. Overall, caloric intake and food consumption patterns were consistent across BMI groups, with notable differences in nut and red wine intake.

Dietary patterns and longitudinal frailty progression in older Chinese adults: a nationwide cohort study.

Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Mediterranean Diet, and Premature Mortality and Life Expectancy Among Night Shift Workers: A UK Biobank Longitudinal Study.

Primary dysmenorrhea is a prevalent health issue that has a negative impact on women's well-being. This study sought to explore the potential connection between dietary indices including dietary acid load (DAL), empirical dietary inflammatory index (eDII), and Literature-Based Adherence to Mediterranean diet Score (MEDI-LITE) with primary dysmenorrhea. A total of 105 university students including 57 with and 48 without primary dysmenorrhea participated in this cross-sectional study. Dietary data were collected using a 117-time Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the dietary indices were calculated using developed formulas. Using pre-designed questionnaires, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System (VMS) were computed and used to determine the severity of dysmenorrhea pain and side effects. Dietary indices and primary dysmenorrhea relationship assessed by regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. In the adjusted linear regression models, none of the dietary indices, including eDII, MEDI-LITE, and DAL, showed a statistically significant association with VAS scores. Similarly, the odds of primary dysmenorrhea across tertiles of these dietary indices did not differ significantly. No significant associations were observed between any of the dietary indices and the severity or complications of dysmenorrhea. The result of ROC analysis showed that the mentioned dietary indices were not significant predictors of dysmenorrhea status. The findings of our study showed no significant association between DAL, eDII, and MEDI-LITE and primary dysmenorrhea. Further, well-designed prospective studies are required to confirm these findings, with particular attention to the timing and pattern of dysmenorrhea symptoms.

Abstract Background Türkiye hosts over 3.5 million Syrian refugees, with women facing heightened socioeconomic and health-related vulnerabilities. Structural constraints, including food insecurity, may influence dietary behaviors and overall well-being. Objective This study aimed to assess quality of life (QoL), Mediterranean diet adherence, and food security levels among Syrian refugee women living in Mardin, Türkiye; to examine the association between Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and QoL domains; to identify independent predictors of total QoL; and to explore the mediating role of food insecurity in this relationship. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 310 Syrian refugee women aged 18–49 years. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis (continuous variables only), multiple linear regression, and exploratory mediation analysis were performed. Results The mean total QoL score was 59.3 (SD = 14.5). The mean Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was 7.1 (SD = 2.6), with 22.6% of participants demonstrating high adherence. Food insecurity was prevalent, affecting 79.4% of households. Higher MDS was positively associated with all QoL domains (physical: r = 0.28, p &lt; 0.001; psychological: r = 0.24, p = 0.002; social: r = 0.21, p = 0.004; environmental: r = 0.19, p = 0.007). Although statistically significant, these correlations were weak in magnitude ( r &lt; 0.30). In multiple regression analysis, MDS, education, and income were positive predictors of QoL, whereas food insecurity and larger household size were negatively associated. Exploratory mediation analysis identified a statistically significant indirect effect consistent with a potential partial mediation pattern; however, given the cross-sectional design, these findings should not be interpreted as evidence of a causal pathway. Conclusion Mediterranean diet adherence was positively associated with quality of life among Syrian refugee women. Socioeconomic disadvantage and food insecurity were linked to lower well-being. Given the cross-sectional design, causal inferences cannot be made, and longitudinal studies are needed to clarify these relationships.

Estimators of biological age, such as epigenetic clocks, are promising biomarkers for neurological disorders where the risk significantly increases with age, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate whether epigenetic age acceleration can predict PD risk, age at PD onset and time to phenoconversion. We conducted a prospective, nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study, including participants who provided two blood samples before being diagnosed with PD. DNA methylation profiles were obtained from 75 individuals who developed PD, 79 individuals who developed prodromal features suggestive of PD and 154 age-matched controls. We estimated epigenetic age acceleration using six different epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, GrimAge, DunedinPACE and the cortical epigenetic clock) and assessed their associations with PD risk, age at PD onset and time to PD onset. Epigenetic age acceleration was not consistently associated with a higher PD risk, using estimates of biological ageing neither in the first sample (collected a median of 19 years before PD onset) nor in the second sample (collected a median of 8 years before PD onset). These results remained similar in multivariable models adjusted for smoking status, physical activity, body mass index, caffeine intake, alcohol intake and Mediterranean diet score. Furthermore, epigenetic age acceleration was not associated with earlier age at PD onset or time to PD phenoconversion. In our study, epigenetic clock-based biomarkers do not reliably predict PD risk, age at PD onset or time to PD phenoconversion.

Health-related culinary intervention, termed culinary medicine (CM), is an innovative evidence-based strategy in the field of nutrition to improve dietary quality and prevent/manage chronic diseases. Long-term effects on dietary intake and obesity using well-designed studies are limited. A randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of a CM intervention on body weight. Participants were age 25-70 with BMI 27.5-35 kg/m2. Dietary counseling and twelve 30-min CM sessions. Dietary counseling and CM resources. Body weight, nutrition, and health outcomes were measured at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months. Fifty participants are included in a modified intention to treat analysis. Average intervention group weight loss was: at 3 months, -3.23% (3.52%), net difference -2.52% (CI: -0.48% to -4.56%; p = 0.016); at 6 months, -4.2% (5.24%), net difference -2.98% (CI: -0.36% to -5.60%; p = 0.027); and at 12 months, -4.02% (6.24%), net difference -4.30% (CI: -0.69% to -7.92%; p = 0.021). Intervention group had: fat mass loss at 6 months, 1.86% (1.54%), net difference 1.96% (CI: -3.82% to 0.11%, p = 0.039); Mediterranean diet score improvement at 3 months, 2 points, net difference 1.62 (CI: 0.263 to 2.968; p = 0.020); and calorie consumption decrease at 6 months, 452 cal, net difference -390 (CI: -701.1 to -78.13; p = 0.015). CM can be an effective strategy to promote weight and body fat loss. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03823469; preregistered on June 30, 2019.

Dietary factors have been suggested as drivers of asthma in children and adults. However, evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to explore the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and its association with asthma incidence in the SUN project, an adult cohort of Mediterranean heritage. Dietary habits and asthma diagnosis were collected from the SUN cohort study (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra). Adult-onset asthma was defined as self-reported diagnosis in the last 2 years, recorded in any of the follow-up questionnaires completed every 2 years in adults free of airway disease at baseline. Food frequency questionnaire was assessed at baseline and at 10 years follow up. We measured the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) as an indicator of adherence to the MedDiet. We generated four categories of adherence to the MedDiet based on the MDS (0 to 9 range score). We used multivariable repeated-measurement Cox models adjusted for potential confounders. From 17,127 participants followed up for a mean of 12.8 years, 302 (1.76%) reported a new diagnosis of asthma. In the multivariable analysis a significant negative association was seen between the risk of newly diagnosed asthma and the MDS. Those participants with the highest adherence to the MedDiet (MDS ≥ 7 points) showed a lower risk of asthma than those with the lowest adherence (MDS ≤ 2 points) (Hazard Ratio: 0.58; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.36-0.95; p-trend = 0.02). To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in an adult Mediterranean population that has found a significant association between greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and a lower incidence of asthma in adults.

Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake may influence outcomes in long-term cancer survivors. This study examined the relationship between postdiagnostic UPF consumption and mortality and assessed whether chronic disease biomarkers explain this association. We longitudinally analyzed 802 men and women with a previous cancer diagnosis (any site) recruited in the Moli-sani Study (2005-2010). Food intake data were collected at baseline and assessed an average of 8.4 years after diagnosis. UPF was defined according to the Nova classification and calculated as a weight ratio. The Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was used to assess overall diet quality. Inflammatory, metabolic, and cardiovascular biomarkers were analyzed as potential explanatory factors on the basis of change-in-estimate. During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, a total of 281 deaths occurred. Multivariable (including the MDS)-adjusted HRs of higher UPF consumption for all-cause and cancer mortality were 1.48 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-2.03 for highest vs. lowest third] and 1.57 (95% CI, 1-2.47), respectively. Taken together, inflammation markers and resting heart rate levels attenuated the associations of UPF with all-cause mortality by approximately 40%. Higher consumption of UPFs after cancer diagnosis was associated with increased all-cause and cancer mortality rates, irrespective of diet quality. Part of these associations was explained by elevated levels of inflammation markers and resting heart rate. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence linking UPFs to adverse health outcomes in cancer survivors. Further research is needed to identify specific mechanisms underlying this relationship and explore potential dietary interventions for improving long-term survival.

Multivitamin-multimineral (MVM) supplements have been associated with lower blood pressure (BP) in several small trials. We investigated the effects of a MVM on incident hypertension and BP in a secondary analysis of the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS). COSMOS is a 2×2 factorial, double-blinded RCT testing effects of cocoa extract and MVM supplementation among women aged ≥65 years and men aged ≥60 years. Among 8905 COSMOS participants free from hypertension, effects of MVM supplementation on incident hypertension were investigated. Hypertension diagnosis was ascertained through self-reports. Additionally, in two substudies with BP measurements (N = 529 at clinic by research staff and 994 at home by technician), we evaluated the effects on 2-year BP changes. Incident hypertension was observed in N = 1034 (22.9%) in MVM arm and N = 1039 (23.6%) in placebo arm over a median of 3.4 years (IQR: 3.0, 3.9) of follow-up, with hazard ratio (HR) 0.98 [95% CI: 0.90, 1.06]. Effects differed according to baseline diet quality, with HRs of incident hypertension 0.81 [0.70, 0.95] and 1.14 [1.01, 1.28] among participants with lower and higher Alternate Mediterranean Diet score, respectively (P-interaction = .001). There was no effect of MVM on 2-year changes in systolic BP (4.4 mmHg in MVM; 4.5 mmHg in placebo), while pronounced effects were observed for baseline normal BP (P-interaction = .004). MVM supplementation versus placebo did not reduce hypertension incidence or lower BP overall. Exploratory analyses showed greater reduction in hypertension risk and BP changes among those with lower dietary quality and normal BP at baseline, respectively. NCT02422745.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Flavonoids may offer protective benefits, but the role of overall diet quality in modulating this remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we analysed 2815 participants from the Framingham Heart Study. Hepatic steatosis was defined by liver:phantom ratio < 0·33 using multidetector computed tomography. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ, and intake of six flavonoid subclasses and total flavonoid was estimated using the USDA database. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between flavonoid intake quartiles and hepatic steatosis, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates, followed by additional models adjusting for a priori dietary quality indexes: the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, the Mediterranean-style diet score and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score. Higher intake of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, flavonoid polymers and total flavonoids is associated with lower odds of hepatic steatosis (Ptrend < 0·05), with up to 40 % reduced odds at the highest quartiles before adjustment for diet quality. After adjustments, associations attenuated and lost statistical significance. The attenuation does not rule out a potential protective role of flavonoids; it may indicate that higher flavonoid intake is an important element of a broader healthy diet. Alternatively, the associations could be confounded by other components of diet which may independently reduce steatosis risk. Nonetheless, these findings underscore the importance of promoting flavonoid-rich diets in the context of overall healthy diet and support further investigation in prospective and interventional studies targeting MASLD prevention.

Diet plays a critical role in development and progression of Crohn's disease (CD). Dietary indices are important tools to evaluate diet quality and inflammatory potential, and we investigated their associations with pediatric CD in comparison to healthy children. A cross-sectional study including 144 children with CD (122 with clinically active and 22 with quiescent disease) and 57 healthy controls 6-18 years of age was conducted. Dietary intake was estimated using three 24-h dietary recalls. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, alternate Mediterranean diet (aMed) score and dietary inflammatory potential using the modified Children-Dietary Inflammatory Index (mC-DII). Children with active CD had lower total HEI-2015 and aMed scores than healthy controls. A similar pro-inflammatory mC-DII score was found across the three groups. A higher mC-DII score in patients with CD was associated with higher intake of refined sugars, saturated fats and proteins, and lower intake of whole grains and dairy, highlighting dietary components contributing to pro-inflammatory potential. Similarly, healthy children in the highest mC-DII tertile consumed more added sugars and sodium and fewer whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and plant proteins. Fiber intake was significantly lower in children with active CD (median fiber %DRI: 37.0 IQR [22.6-48.3] vs 41.2 IQR [34.1-49.1] vs 45.8 IQR [35.7-62.0], P <0.001). Using three dietary indices to evaluate diet quality and dietary inflammatory potential, both children with CD and healthy children in this cohort consume a poor-quality, pro-inflammatory diet low in fiber, but the quality and fiber content are significantly lower in children with active CD. Future randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate the effect of dietary modification on the risk and progression of pediatric CD.

Background: Diet quality and food processing patterns are increasingly recognized as important determinants of Crohn's disease (CD) risk and disease outcomes; however, direct comparisons with healthy populations using integrated nutrient- and processing-based frameworks remain limited. Therefore, we aim to quantify ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption using the NOVA classification, compare UPF intake between CD patients and healthy controls, and assess its association with diet quality indices. Methods: Baseline dietary intake data were analyzed from two randomized controlled trial cohorts: adults with mild to moderately active CD enrolled in the Crohn's Disease Therapeutic Dietary Intervention (CD-TDI) trial (n = 64; NCT04596566), and healthy adults participating in the MAPMed study (n = 33, NCT06765369). Dietary intake was assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h recalls collected with the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24®). Energy-normalized macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were compared with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Overall diet quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2015), Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMED), and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Foods were classified according to the NOVA food processing system to estimate total and proportional energy intake from UPFs (NOVA group 4). Results: Both the CD cohort and healthy cohort exhibited suboptimal dietary patterns, with HEI scores indicating a need for improvement, low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (aMED), and neutral-to-pro-inflammatory DII scores, with no significant between-group differences (all p > 0.05). Although total energy intake differed between groups (p = 0.04), the proportion of energy derived from UPFs (NOVA group 4) accounted for half of the total intake in both cohorts (51.3-51.8%; p = 0.55). Higher UPF intake was associated with lower HEI and aMED scores and higher DII scores. Conclusions: In this study, there were no significant differences in the dietary patterns in those with CD compared to healthy controls. The high contribution of UPFs observed in both cohorts underscores widespread suboptimal dietary quality and highlights the utility of NOVA-based food processing measures as complementary to nutrient-based assessments for understanding diet-related inflammatory burden in CD.

BackgroundDietary quality is a critical determinant of reproductive health, yet little is known about how distinct dietary patterns and food processing affect fertility outcomes in the general population.AimTo examine the associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and self-reported fertility among American women of reproductive age.MethodsWe analyzed data from 2582 women aged 20-45 years participating in the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Fertility status was defined based on self-reported attempts to conceive for ≥12 months. Dietary data collected by two 24-h dietary recalls was used to classify UPFs according to the Nova classification and UPF intake was defined as % grams per day. MD adherence was assessed using a modified 8-point score. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations, adjusting for sociodemographic and health covariates, including obesity.SummaryThe mean UPF intake was 27.15% of daily intake (g/day) and the mean MD score was 3.35 out of 8. Women reporting infertility had significantly higher UPF intake and lower MD scores compared to fertile women. Higher UPF intake was significantly associated with lower odds of fertility in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.75). MD adherence was initially associated with higher odds of fertility (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.33), though this association was no longer significant when adjusted for obesity. These findings underscore the need for dietary guidance targeting women of reproductive age.

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) have an increased risk to develop cardiovascular disease. Western diets have been hypothesized to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in BD, but dietary habits in BD have not been extensively studied. We therefore assessed in a large cohort dietary quality in BD patients, in patients with current and remitted unipolar depression (UD), and healthy controls (HC).MethodsIn total 1358 participants were included from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) and categorized into four groups: BD (n = 100, 48.0% male, mean age 50.9), current UD (n = 199, 28.0% male, mean age 52.4), remitted UD (n = 722, 29.8% male, mean age 52.4), and HC (n = 337, 40.7% male, mean age 51.2). Diet was assessed through the 238‐item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), which yielded the ‘Mediterranean Diet Score’ (MDS). Dietary scores were compared using multivariate regression analyzes adjusting for sociodemographics, physical activity, and smoking.ResultsBD patients scored significantly lower on the MDS than those with remitted UD (p = 0.01) and healthy controls (p = 0.02) but did not differ from those with current UD. Effect sizes were 0.24 for BD vs. remitted UD and 0.25 for BD vs. HC. Furthermore, BD patients had on average a higher waist circumference (p = 0.03) and BMI (p = 0.02) than healthy controls.ConclusionThe average dietary quality of BD patients was of lesser quality compared to that in patients with remitted UD and HC. This may have contributed to the increased waist circumference and higher BMI we found among BD patients, with its adverse health consequences.

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between wine consumption and biological aging in the Moli-sani Study.MethodsDietary data were assessed using a 188-item FFQ. Participants (n = 22,495) were classified as abstainers, former drinkers, moderate drinkers according to national guidelines (≤250 mL/d men; ≤125 mL/d women) or Mediterranean Diet (MD) (125–500 mL/d men; 62.5–250 mL/d women), and heavy drinkers (>500 mL/d men; >250 mL/d women). Biological age (BA) was estimated with a deep neural network using 36 circulating biomarkers, and Δage (BA–chronological age) served as an index of biological aging.ResultsIn men, wine consumption, at doses defined moderate by a current MD Score, was associated with slower biological aging (Δage β = −0.39; 95%CI: −0.78, −0.01 vs. abstainers). Dose–response analyses showed a J-shaped curve, with the slowest Δage at ∼170 mL/d (Δage = −0.34 years; 95%CI: −0.66, −0.03). Overall ethanol intake, including all alcoholic beverages consumed, was neutral at moderate levels and associated with faster biological aging at higher doses.ConclusionModerate wine consumption, but not overall ethanol intake, may contribute to slower biological aging in men.

Background/Objectives: An intensive lipid-lowering therapy is needed in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) subjects; however, the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and its effects have not been fully evaluated in FH subjects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the MD on metabolic and vascular profiles in FH subjects. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 253 genetically confirmed FH subjects were included. Adherence to MD was assessed by the validated Pyramid-based MD Score (PyrMDS) and FH subjects were stratified according to the tertiles of PyrMDSs (low, intermediate, and high), with a higher score indicating higher adherence to MD. The lipid profile as well as the subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), an indirect measure of myocardial perfusion, were assessed in all FH subjects. Results: Compared to the low-PyrMDS group, FH subjects with a high MD adherence showed lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (149.7 ± 71.4 vs. 176.7 ± 77.4 mg/dL, p = 0.006). After accounting for lipid-lowering therapies, smoking habit, and arterial hypertension, individuals in the high-PyrMDS group showed higher SEVR than those in the intermediate- and low-PyrMDS groups (167 ± 3.51 [standard error-SE] vs. 150 ± 5.03 [SE] vs. 148 ± 3.75 [SE], all p < 0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, and lipid-lowering therapies, PyrMDS was independently associated with LDL-C (β = -0.11, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Greater adherence to the MD was associated with more favorable metabolic and vascular profiles in FH subjects independent of lipid-lowering therapies. This suggests that MD adherence should be actively promoted in clinical practice alongside pharmacological interventions.