Meditated Research Articles

Search for sources of genetic resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii in tomato and in wild Solanum (section Lycopersicon) accessions

Meloidogyne enterolobii (syn. M. mayaguensis) is an emerging plant pathogen capable of inducing root galls and yield reduction in a wide range of host species. This pathogen has also been reported as a global threat for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop production mainly due to its ability to overcome the Meloidogyne resistance meditated by the Mi-1 gene. Despite the potential importance of this nematode, sources of resistance to M. enterolobii are not yet available for breeding purposes. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate a large Solanum (section Lycopersicon) germplasm (comprising nine species and one botanic variety) aiming to identify useful sources of resistance to M. enterolobii. In the first screening assay, 101 accessions and the susceptible standard S. lycopersicum ‘Santa Cruz’ were inoculated and evaluated under controlled (greenhouse) conditions. Twenty-day-old seedlings were inoculated with a suspension of M. enterolobii eggs (710 eggs per plant) and maintained in expanded 128-cell polystyrene trays during the entire course of the experiment. The phenotypic criteria used for evaluation (done at 45 days after inoculation) were the number of root galls, gall index, number of eggs, and the reproduction factor. Twenty accessions with promising resistant reaction to M. enterolobii in the first screening test were selected and employed in a subsequent assay. Plants of the 20 selected accessions were cultivated in 400 cm3 pots filled with sterile soil. Inoculation procedures were identical to the first assay, but with higher inoculum pressure (3,300 eggs per plant). Three accessions with superior tolerance levels to M. enterolobii were identified viz. S. lycopersicum ‘Yoshimatsu’, S. lycopersicum ‘CNPH 1246’ and S. pimpinelifolium CGO 7650 (= CNPH 1195). These accessions were re-evaluated against a distinct M. enterolobii population as well as against two other root-knot nematode species (M. javanica and one M. incognita race 1). Under higher inoculum pressure, ‘Yoshimatsu’ was found to be resistant to M. javanica and M. incognita race 1, but susceptible to a M. enterolobii from guava. The other two sources displayed susceptibility to all three nematodes. The results indicated additional germplasm screening since no source of stable genetic resistance to M. enterolobii was found so far.

The experimental study of the inhibitory effect of self-made nanobubbles combined with cisplatin mediated by ultrasound on H22 neoplasms of mice

Objective To investigate the optimal ultrasound exposure parameter on H22 neoplasms of mice meditated by ultrasound exposure combined with self-made nanobubbles, and then observe their therapeutic effect combined with cisplatin and their possible mechanism of anti-tumor. Methods Thirty mice engrafts models with subcutaneous H22 neoplasms were established and divided into 6 groups randomly, which received ultrasound exposure at different intensity and exposure time. The contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEUS ) was performed in every group at the four time points of before treatment and at 0 h, 24 h, 72 h after treatment. To obtain the optimal ultrasound parameters, the tumor inhibitory effect was assessed by enhanced intensity (EI) and microvascular density (MVD). The H22 tumor were treated by ultrasound exposure nanobubbles combined with cisplatin to observe their tumor growth inhibition rate, and the microvessels density and nuclear associated antigen Ki-67 proliferation index were measured by immunohistochemical staining. Results There was a statistically difference in enhanced intensity (EI) between the experimental groups and control group (P<0.05=. With the increasing of ultrasound intensity and exposure time, the tumor inhibitory effect was more obvious, with an increasing side reactions. Except the simple ultrasound group, there was a statistical difference in tumor inhibition, the mean MVD and the tumor cell proliferation index (KI-67) between control group and the other ultrasound therapy groups (P<0.05=. The tumor inhibitory rate was the highest (tumor inhibition rate 70.0%) and the mean MVD and KI-67 expression were the lowest (P<0.05= in the combination group comparing with the others. Conclusions The ideal ultrasound exposure parameter of tumor inhibition showed that exposure intensity chose 1 W/cm2 and exposure time chose 1 min or 3 min intermittence. The ultrasound exposure self-made nanobubbles combined with cisplatin could enhance the tumor inhibitory effect.Its mechanism may be related to the decrease of microvascular density, the inbition of tumor cell proliferation and the increase of tumor cell necrosis. Key words: Ultrasonography; Microbubbles; Liver neoplasms, experimental; Cisplatin

Blockade of complement meditated inflammation may improve lung transplantation outcomes

Blockade of complement meditated inflammation may improve lung transplantation outcomes

Word and Worship: “Proclaimed, Accepted, Celebrated, and Meditated Upon”: Benedict XVI on the Word of God

Word and Worship: “Proclaimed, Accepted, Celebrated, and Meditated Upon”: Benedict XVI on the Word of God