This study assesses the diaper choices, diapering practices, and irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD) prevention strategies in Turkey and compares them to the practices worldwide. A Computer-Assisted Web Interview was conducted with 306 mothers, nursing their infants between 0 and 3 years. The average daily diaper usage was 6.3, with a higher utilization during daytime. Concerningly, 44.4% of infants exhibited skin issues. In total, 63.7% of parents observed the occurrence of IDD during the first month, with 39.9% indicating its continued presence afterwards. The IDD predominantly affected the buttocks and genitalia. Many parents sought medical advice for IDD. Regarding interventions, 56.9% of parents believed that anti-rash products were effective. The primary reason for brand preference was the presence of an elastic waistband. Parents were willing to adopt a novel anti-rash diaper. The research underscored the widespread occurrence of IDD, emphasizing the susceptibility of young infants. Diapering practices and preventive measures varied across various countries.

The therapeutic alliance, long regarded as a cornerstone of effective behavioral health treatment, remains difficult to measure and operationalize across diverse levels of care. This study examines how provider attachment style and related interpersonal characteristics—assessed through the Care Predictor Index (CPI), a 234-item psychometric instrument—predict patient retention outcomes across five behavioral health organizations. Drawing upon attachment theory, alliance research, and data from over six months of clinical practice, the study evaluates how therapist CPI scores correlate with treatment completion and discharges against medical advice (AMA) within detoxification, residential, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient, and outpatient settings. The CPI integrates elements from the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales (CASES), and the Analog to Multi-Broadband Inventories (AMBI) to generate multidimensional provider profiles that capture attachment, confidence, and personality traits empirically linked to alliance formation. Findings demonstrate that therapists with CPI scores above 70 achieved higher treatment completion and lower AMA rates, underscoring the predictive validity of attachment-informed provider assessment. Beyond identifying measurable therapist level predictors, this analysis situates relational competence as a central determinant of program retention and proposes the CPI as a scalable mechanism for workforce development, quality improvement, and outcome optimization across the continuum of behavioral health care.

An imbalance in a woman's hormones is known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS/PCOD). The etiology is not entirely understood. Despite straightforward and diagnostic criteria, polycystic ovary syndrome is still challenging to accurately diagnose. The purpose of this research is to offer medical advice and strong evidence supporting the use of herbal medicines to treat polycystic Ovarian syndrome. To find the most pertinent material, a comprehensive review of the literature was done. To the guarantee the papers' current quality, articles were chosen during an eight-year period from PubMed, Google Scholar, and other comparable databases. (2017–2024). According to this study, several plant components contain polyphenolic compounds, such as isoflavones and flavonoids, which can enhance women's reproductive health. Many plants have shown effectiveness in the treatment of PCOS, including Aloe, Curcuma longa, Ginger Asparagus Racemosus, In this review, an attempt has been made to provide a summary of the important medicinal herbs that are used in PCOD treatment or prevention.

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the outcomes of newborns referred to the special newborn care unit (SNCU) of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 893 neonates referred from community health centers and district hospitals from April 2024 to March 2025. Data regarding demographic details, birth weight, gestational age, primary diagnosis, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Of the 893 admissions, 64% were male. Term neonates constituted 73.8% while 26.2% were preterm. Low birth weight (<2500 g) accounted for 50.7% of cases. The leading causes of admission were birth asphyxia (20%), sepsis (18.4%), jaundice (16.5%), and respiratory disorders (12.8%). The overall discharge rate was 69%, mortality was 26.7%, and 4.3% left against medical advice. Duration of stay analysis revealed that 4.6% stayed <1 day, 22.2% for 1–3 days, 30.9% for 4–7 days, and 42.3% >7 days, with prolonged admissions generally associated with improved outcomes. Conclusion: Birth asphyxia, sepsis, and jaundice were the leading causes of referral and mortality. Strengthening perinatal care, timely stabilization before referral, and effective neonatal transport can improve survival outcomes in SNCUs.

This study aims to investigate the framing of skin lightening product (SLP) advertisements and the motivational factors influencing Women in Pakistan to use these products. Our study includes the content analysis of the fairness creams ads to identify the framing and the four focus groups of Advertising Agency Professionals (AAP), Psychologists (P), Dermatologists (D) and Consumers (C), the age group for consumers selected for this research is between18 to 25, of university students of Karachi. The investigation is focused on identifying marketing, and strategies of Advertising agencies, understanding the underlying psychological reasons, consequences and ethical medical advice and what motivates the consumers to use skin lightening product. The study examines the six television commercials (TVCs) of leading skin lightening Brands in Pakistan and identify that transformation, success and happiness as dominating frames, the focus group of Psychologist identify the family and peer pressure as driving agents, whereas Dermatologist focused on the consequences of applying SLPs without proper medical guidance. AAP admits the client brief and audience segmentation with main pressure in producing creative content for advertisements while consumers mainly reject influence of ads in their decision masking to use the SLPs, rather highlighted Peer and Societal Pressures as the main agents.

BackgroundArmed conflicts profoundly disrupt healthcare systems, with internally displaced persons (IDPs) facing distinct challenges and barriers to accessing healthcare. This study explores emergency department (ED) utilization patterns, disease spectrum, and patient outcomes of IDPs during conflict in comparison with non-IDPs (NIDPs).MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients presenting to the American University of Beirut Medical Center between October 7, 2024, and November 27, 2024. Patients were categorized into the IDPs and NIDPs groups based on documented residential status at the time of presentation. Specifically, we compared the demographic data, ED visit characteristics, and disease spectrums in displaced versus non-displaced patients in a tertiary care hospital in Lebanon.ResultsA total of 5686 patients were reviewed, of which 776 and 4910 patients were identified as IDPs and NIDPS, respectively. Displaced patients tended to be younger (p < 0.001), insured (p < 0.001), and were more likely to arrive by ambulance (p < 0.001). A greater proportion of IDPs left without being seen, against medical advice, or were transferred to another hospital. Moreover, a higher proportion of IDPs who were admitted required critical care (CC) admission. Displacement, age, and guarantor type (3rd party coverage) emerged as distinct variables associated with the need for CC admission (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionED utilization patterns of IDPs have distinct features that reflect the challenges they face regarding healthcare access as well as the higher complexity of cases, increased CC needs, and distinct disease spectrums for ED visits. These results highlight the importance of tailored health interventions for IDPs during times of conflict that address these challenges.

HIV infection has been known to cause or exacerbate psychiatric symptoms. In individuals with HIV, mania may present as part of a bipolar disorder or as a distinct condition referred to as Mania Associated with Advanced HIV Disease (previously known as AIDS mania). We present a case of a 57-year-old patient with new onset symptoms of bipolar disorder in the setting of HIV infection. The patient was admitted for treatment of mania and found to have an HIV infection, but witha CD4 + count that was still above the threshold of AIDS. Eventually, the patient's mood stabilized on a regimen of valproic acid 1500mg twice daily and olanzapine 10mg once daily. He developed infectious symptoms and was found to have cryptococcal pneumonia. He was started on fluconazole, but then subsequently left the hospital against medical advice.

BackgroundSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to a perceived worsening of cognitive abilities and is a common reason older adults seek medical advice. It can be reported by individuals themselves (self‐reported) or by someone close to them (informant‐reported), with the latter potentially indicating a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD), as suggested by recent research. DocMemo (docmemo.fr and docmemo.com) is a digital platform designed to support individuals with cognitive concerns and their informants by providing cognitive screening, educational resources, and research participation opportunities. This study aims to compare self‐ and informant‐referred individuals and examine how their referral type is associated with established dementia risk factors.MethodDocMemo users were classified as self‐referred or informant‐referred based on their responses to a cognitive complaint questionnaire. We performed multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between referral type (self vs. informant) and demographic, cognitive, psychological, health‐related, and lifestyle factors, adjusting for multiple comparisons.ResultA total of 13,043 users were analyzed (self‐referred: 10,489; informant‐referred: 2,554), with their characteristics detailed in Table 1.Individuals with high cognitive complaints and older age were respectively 2.6 and 1.6 times more likely to be referred by an informant rather than self‐refer (all p <0.001). Anxiety was also associated with a higher likelihood of informant referral (OR=1.19, p = 0.003).Conversely, females (OR=0.59, p <0.001), individuals with higher education (OR=0.39, p <0.001), those with sleep disorders (OR=0.86, p = 0.006), and smokers (OR=0.76, p <0.001) were less likely to be informant‐referred. Additionally, individuals willing to participate in further research were less likely to be informant‐referred (OR=0.59, p <0.001).Other factors, including depression, alcohol consumption, diabetes, family history of AD, hearing aid use, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, were not significantly associated with referral type (p >0.05). Model results are reported in Table 2.ConclusionInformant‐referred users exhibited higher AD risk profiles, aligning with established modifiable risk factors for dementia. Their profile suggests a population with substantial vulnerability, reinforcing the value of informant reports in identifying high‐risk individuals for early intervention. Recognizing this is crucial for optimizing screening strategies and ensuring that at‐risk individuals receive timely assessment and support.

The 'Pit Stop for Health' initiative is a student-led health promotion program providing opportunistic health screenings and behavioral counseling at mass gathering events. This cross-sectional observational study surveyed 369 participants across agricultural fairs, sporting events, and university activities. Structural equation modeling identified multiple pathways influencing satisfaction, health modification, and health behavior's, with the overall model explaining 58.8% of the variance (R2=0.588). Satisfaction with the 'Pit Stop for Health' initiative significantly predicted health modification (β=0.157, SE=0.068, CR=2.316, P=.021) and the likelihood of recommending the activity to others (β=0.812, SE=0.138, CR=5.877, P<.001), while follow-up behaviors were strongly associated with future health modification (β=0.854, SE=0.116, CR=7.380, P<.001) and seeking medical advice (β=0.967, SE=0.107, CR=9.050, P<.001). The model demonstrated excellent fit (χ2=33.736, df=24, P=.090), with age negatively correlated with follow-up behaviors (r=-0.137, P=.028), and no significant associations found for gender or self-reported health importance. Findings highlight the public health value of student-led, reciprocal service-learning models in delivering preventive interventions in non-clinical community settings. Such initiatives not only strengthen public engagement with health services but also provide meaningful experiential learning for future health professionals. By addressing preventive health needs in accessible, resource-constrained environments, 'Pit Stop for Health' contributes to population-level health promotion. Further research examining cultural and ethnic influences is warranted to enhance the inclusivity, relevance, and scalability of similar interventions in diverse communities. Contribution to Health Promotion Promoted health behavior changes by offering opportunistic health screenings and lifestyle modification counseling at mass gathering events.Increased access to preventive healthcare services, especially in resource-limited settings, through a cost-effective student-led initiative.Fostered community engagement in health promotion while simultaneously enriching nursing students' educational experiences.Enhanced public awareness of health importance through innovative, context-sensitive interventions at diverse public events.Supported healthcare systems by addressing preventive health needs and improving follow-up behaviors among participants.

Background: Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a severe, immune-complex mediated complication of lepromatous leprosy that can manifest before, during, or after multidrug therapy (MDT). While the primary etiology involves the release of Mycobacterium leprae antigens, the chronicity of ENL is frequently driven by secondary, often occult, triggers. Focal infections, particularly of odontogenic origin, are frequently overlooked in standard dermatological assessments, leading to refractory clinical courses. Case presentation: We report the case of a 32-year-old male with a history of borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy who had achieved release from treatment (RFT). The patient presented with severe, chronic, and recurrent ENL characterized by painful erythematous nodules, high-grade fever, and acute neuritis, occurring more than one year post-RFT. Laboratory evaluation revealed significant inflammatory markers, including a C-Reactive Protein level of 172.7 mg/L and leukocytosis. Crucially, intraoral examination identified neglected chronic dental caries (gangrene radix) and generalized periodontal inflammation. Despite medical advice, the patient refused dental intervention. The reactional state was managed with a combination of intravenous methylprednisolone and high-dose oral clofazimine. While cutaneous symptoms improved, the persistence of the focal infection poses a substantial risk for further recurrence. Conclusion: This case highlights the critical and often underestimated role of odontogenic focal infections as perpetuating factors in chronic ENL. It underscores the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach integrating dentistry and dermatology. We propose that recalcitrant ENL in post-RFT patients should trigger mandatory screening for occult dental infections to disrupt the cycle of systemic inflammation.

Aim . To assess the effectiveness and feasibility of CT radiomics-based machine-learning models for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. Materials and Methods . The study included 42 patients with pathologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma. All patients underwent surgery or received medical advice between January 2013 and December 2022. Machinelearning algorithms were used to evaluate texture analysis data from preoperative CT scans. Results . In comparative analysis, the AdaBoost model outperformed standard statistical methods in identifying Grade 3 hepatocellular carcinoma. Sensitivity was higher by 15.4%, specificity by 3.1%, and diagnostic accuracy by 15.31%. Conclusion . The use of machine-learning based radiomics is a promising noninvasive method for evaluating the histological hepatocellular carcinoma grade. The obtained results may be applied in a variety of clinical and research contexts.

Long distances, as well as the length of the Orenburg region, actualize the work of the department of emergency counseling and medical evacuation in case of emergencies and injuries. The purpose of the study is to analyze the work of the department of emergency counseling and medical evacuation in the Orenburg region in the period from 2021 to 2023. Research objectives . To analyze the activities of the specialists of the department of advisory care and medical evacuation; to clarify the rationality and calculation of the need for specialists; to establish the structure of evacuated patients from medical organizations in the region by nosological forms. Materials and methods of research . Reports on the work of the Department of Emergency Advisory Assistance and Medical Evacuation of the Orenburg region for the period from 2021 to 2023. The results of the study . For a number of years, there has been a shortage of medical personnel in the Orenburg region, which has significantly affected the work of the department of emergency counseling and medical evacuation (ECP and ME), and has led to an increase in requests for emergency medical advice by 46.1%. In the structure of providing emergency counseling to the population, patients with burn injuries occupy the leading place, traumatology patients are in the second place, and patients with cardiovascular pathology are in the third place. Conclusions. The provision of medical care using ground transport has increased by 2 times, and air transport by 1.2 times. For the rational use of air ambulance transport, it is necessary to take control of each case (departure and departure to the territory) on the reasonableness of involving emergency medical advice specialists with organizational decision- making.

Madam, the rise of misinformation and clear disparities in Pakistan’s healthcare system has led to a concerning surge in self-diagnosis and self-medication. While the internet has provided open access to information, it has also created a breeding ground for unverified health advice, leading individuals to make potentially harmful decisions about their well-being. This not only endangers individual health but also poses significant public health risks, such as worsening mental well-being, and the exacerbation of antibiotic resistance. Without proper medical insight, people turn to self-evaluation, often misjudging their conditions. A recent study indicates that approximately 75% of Pakistanis self-diagnose at least once in their lifetime (1), while another study shows 84.8% Pakistanis resort to self-medication, primarily relying on painkillers, antipyretics, and cough syrups (2). Self-diagnosing often leads to a range of issues, including increased patient anxiety, self-treatment, and illegal medication purchases. Misdiagnosing a disorder can mask an underlying condition, thereby delaying treatment, and worsening prognosis (3). This issue is exacerbated by online content targeting youth under the guise of promoting mental well-being, thereby often spreading misinformation and insecurities. Research shows only 21% of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-related social media content is helpful (4). A study on Pakistani youth, aged 18-24 found that mental health content is often consumed when viewers are emotionally vulnerable and prefer visually engaging media such as reels, infographics, and memes (5). One of the most concerning consequences of self-diagnosis is the misuse of medications, particularly antibiotics. Many individuals, Influenced by online contentthat they have a bacterial infection, resort to taking antibiotics without a prescription. This practice contributes to the growing crisis of antibiotic resistance. The Widespread misuse of antibiotics, driven by self-diagnosis, accelerates this crisis, making it harder to treat common infections and increasing the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria (6). It is crucial to address this issue early to minimize its societal harm. Affordable healthcare should be prioritized in both urban and rural areas. The public should be actively encouraged to seek professional medical advice for physical and mental illnesses must be reinforced. Health services should utilize social media to deliver accurate medical information through official pages, institutions, and government-operated TV channels, thereby countering any and all misinformation.

Nonspecific (musculoskeletal) neck and back pain (NNBP) is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical advice. The diagnosis of NNBP is based on clinical examination, the absence of signs of dangerous disease ('red flags'), radiculopathy and spinal stenosis. If there are no signs of a dangerous disease, early (within the first 4 weeks) instrumental examination, including magnetic resonance imaging, is not recommended. Fibromyalgia is common among patients with chronic NNBP, but it is rarely diagnosed due to poor awareness among doctors about its manifestations and diagnostic criteria. In NNBP, it is recommended to inform the patient about the favourable prognosis of the disease and risk factors, the need to avoid excessive static and physical exertion, incorrect positions and postures, and the advisability of maintaining physical, social and professional activity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants are most commonly used to relieve NNBP. Extensive clinical experience has been accumulated regarding the efficacy and safety of aceclofenac (Airtal) as an NSAID and tolperisone (Mydocalm) as a muscle relaxant in the treatment of NNBP. The combination of aceclofenac (Airtal) and tolperisone (Mydocalm) is more effective than monotherapy, as it reduces the duration of NSAID use and lowers the risk of complications from long-term use. For subacute and chronic NNBP, a multimodal approach is most effective, which should include physical exercise (therapeutic physical training – TPT), manual therapy, and, for some patients, psychological therapy methods as non-drug methods. In cases where chronic back pain is caused by fibromyalgia, antiepileptic drugs may be effective as part of complex therapy, among which gabapentin (Tebantin) has been shown to be effective and safe. To prevent NNBP, therapeutic exercise, an educational programme on avoiding excessive static and physical stress, and incorrect positions and postures are recommended.

Background: Dietary supplements (DS) containing vitamins, proteins, and minerals are widely used by gym-goers to enhance health, recovery, and performance. However, awareness of their safe use, nutritional adequacy, and energy balance varies considerably. Objective: To assess dietary supplement use, awareness, and energy balance among gym-goers in Aden Governorate, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 gym-goers selected from five gyms using stratified multi-stage sampling. Data on supplement consumption, calorie intake, expenditure, and awareness were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 270 participants, 64.8% reported using nutritional supplements. Protein powder (26.7%) and creatine (33.7%) were the most commonly consumed, followed by vitamin D (20%), zinc (18.9%), and multivitamins (18.5%). Calcium (8.9%) and biotin (4.4%) were less frequently used, while fat burners, herbal products, and ginseng were reported by fewer than 3%. Most respondents were aware of potential adverse effects (67%) and supplement misuse risks (66.6%); 67.8% sought medical advice, and 51.1% were able to interpret product labels. Reported benefits included muscle building (55.6%), increased energy (33.7%), and weight loss (29.3%). Dietary analysis showed inadequate intake, with all gym-goers consuming &lt;6 g/kg of carbohydrates, 78.9% consuming &lt;20% of calories from fat, and 95.9% consuming ≤1.6 g/kg of protein. Supplement use was significantly associated with education, occupation, income, and awareness (p = 0.001), and protein powder use correlated with higher TDEE (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Supplement use is common among gym-goers but is accompanied by nutritional imbalances and limited awareness of risks. Educational programs are recommended to promote balanced diets and informed, evidence-based supplement use.

Background: Croatia has the highest prevalence of obesity among European Union member states, with more than 65% of adults classified as overweight or obese. Understanding public perceptions and behaviours related to body weight is essential for designing effective prevention and treatment strategies. Objective: This study compared Croatian adults' satisfaction with body weight, physical fitness, and dietary habits in 2022 and 2024, exploring potential behavioural changes following national awareness campaigns and the introduction of new anti-obesity measures. Methods: Data were collected via computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI) from representative national samples of adults aged 18 years and older (N = 798; 398 in 2022, 400 in 2024). Analyses used descriptive statistics, Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables, and independent t-tests for continuous variables. Results: In both years, fewer than half of respondents were satisfied with their body weight or physical fitness. Obesity prevalence rose slightly among men (from 18.9% to 25.4%), while rates among women remained stable. Although 93% of women and 78% of men were aware of BMI, only 21% knew their exact value. Individuals with obesity were significantly more dissatisfied with their body shape (p < 0.001). One-third reported dieting within the past six months, and only one in ten sought medical advice for weight management. Lack of time and the high cost of healthy foods were the most frequently cited barriers to healthier lifestyles. Conclusions: Body weight satisfaction and lifestyle habits among Croatian adults remain suboptimal. Targeted, gender-sensitive, and web-based interventions are needed to promote awareness, improve self-perception accuracy, and enhance obesity prevention efforts.

Importance Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into health care applications; however, their vulnerability to prompt-injection attacks (ie, maliciously crafted inputs that manipulate an LLM’s behavior) capable of altering medical recommendations has not been systematically evaluated. Objective To evaluate the susceptibility of commercial LLMs to prompt-injection attacks that may induce unsafe clinical advice and to validate man-in-the-middle, client-side injection as a realistic attack vector. Design, Setting, and Participants This quality improvement study used a controlled simulation design and was conducted between January and October 2025 using standardized patient-LLM dialogues. The main experiment evaluated 3 lightweight models (GPT-4o-mini [LLM 1], Gemini-2.0-flash-lite [LLM 2], and Claude-3-haiku [LLM 3]) across 12 clinical scenarios in 4 categories under controlled conditions. The 12 clinical scenarios were stratified by harm level across 4 categories: supplement recommendations, opioid prescriptions, pregnancy contraindications, and central-nervous-system toxic effects. A proof-of-concept experiment tested 3 flagship models (GPT-5 [LLM 4], Gemini 2.5 Pro [LLM 5], and Claude 4.5 Sonnet [LLM 6]) using client-side injection in a high-risk pregnancy scenario. Exposures Two prompt-injection strategies: (1) context-aware injection for moderate- and high-risk scenarios and (2) evidence-fabrication injection for extremely high-harm scenarios. Injections were programmatically inserted into user queries within a multiturn dialogue framework. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was injection success at the primary decision turn. Secondary outcomes included persistence across dialogue turns and model-specific success rates by harm level. Results Across 216 evaluations (108 injection vs 108 control), attacks achieved 94.4% (102 of 108 evaluations) success at turn 4 and persisted in 69.4% (75 of 108 evaluations) of follow-ups. LLM 1 and LLM 2 were completely susceptible (36 of 36 dialogues [100%] each), and LLM 3 remained vulnerable in 83.3% of dialogues (30 of 36 dialogues). Extremely high-harm scenarios including US Food and Drug Administration Category X pregnancy drugs (eg, thalidomide) succeeded in 91.7% of dialogues (33 of 36 dialogues). The proof-of-concept experiment demonstrated 100% vulnerability for LLM 4 and LLM 5 (5 of 5 dialogues each) and 80.0% (4 of 5 dialogues) for LLM 6. Conclusions and Relevance In this quality improvement study using a controlled simulation, commercial LLMs demonstrated substantial vulnerability to prompt-injection attacks that could generate clinically dangerous recommendations; even flagship models with advanced safety mechanisms showed high susceptibility. These findings underscore the need for adversarial robustness testing, system-level safeguards, and regulatory oversight before clinical deployment.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It greatly increases hepatic cirrhosis and cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Despite the rising frequency of MASLD in Saudi Arabia, public understanding of its management is lacking. Objective: This study seeks to evaluate public knowledge, attitudes, and management barriers related to MASLD, thereby informing future educational and preventive strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to October 2024, involving 502 participants across Saudi Arabia, employing a modified self-administered online questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS 25. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to investigate correlations between knowledge or attitude levels and demographics, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: Less than half of the respondents who took part (47.2%) had heard of MASLD. Of them, 24.9% had good knowledge, 38.2% had fair knowledge, and 36.9% had low understanding. There were strong links between knowledge and age, education, and job status, but not between knowledge and gender (p = 0.514). People were somewhat aware that being overweight (48.4%) and having high cholesterol (51.8%) were risk factors, but they often had wrong ideas regarding diabetes and high blood pressure. Only 7.8% of those surveyed said they had been formally diagnosed, and 74.4% of those who had been were given advice on how to change their lifestyle. Barriers to management included the idea that lifestyle change alone suffices (46.7%), the absence of medical advice (46.7%), and insufficient disease awareness (33.3%). Conclusions: The research shows that many Saudis are unaware of MASLD and have misconceptions about it. Targeted health education programs, greater provider–patient communication, and primary care MASLD knowledge are needed to close these gaps and promote disease prevention and management.

The overuse and misuse of antibiotics significantly contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Adverse reactions to antibiotics are well documented, but their impact on patients' behaviours requires further exploration. To explore how side effects and allergies influence patients' behaviours to prescribed antibiotic use. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential study in England. A survey of 1059 adults with prior experience of antibiotic side effects was conducted. Descriptive statistics identified common side effects and behavioural responses, while chi-squared tests explored demographic differences. Focus groups were held with 21 participants, recruited through a research panel. Thematic analysis captured deeper insight into participants' personal experiences. Many antibiotic side effects were identified, presenting shortly after consumption and affecting several aspects of patients' lives. One-third of respondents (31%, n=325; 95% CI: 28-34%) were unaware of potential side effects beforehand, citing inaccessible patient information leaflets and limited communication from healthcare professionals as barriers. Almost half (42%, n=440; 95% CI: 37-47%) did not complete their antibiotic course following the side effects, with 32% (n=142; 95% CI: 28-37%) stopping without medical advice. Many allergy diagnoses were made in childhood without follow-up assessments. Antibiotic side effects can significantly disrupt patients' lives and discourage appropriate use of antibiotics. Providing accessible information before prescribing may help manage expectations and support self-management of side effects. Patients with longstanding allergy labels should be encouraged to undergo reassessment to ensure that they are not contributing to AMR by unnecessarily avoiding the use of first-line antibiotics.

Abstract— The Intelligent Dermatologist Assistant is a website that helps improve skin care through automated diagnoses and custom medical advice. It uses a CNN to spot and sort four common skin problems: basal cell carcinoma, benign keratosis, melanocytic nevi, and melanoma. Besides diagnosis, the site has an AI chatbot for easy user interaction, suggests doctors based on individual needs, and lets users schedule video calls. Blending deep learning with communication tools and web tech, this system aims to make dermatology care cheaper, faster, and better at catching problems early, leading to better, more personal health care. Keywords Intelligent Dermatologist Assistant, Skin Disease Detection, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Deep Learning, Medical Image Analysis, Dermatology, Artificial Intelligence, Telemedicine