Media Processing Research Articles

High-fidelity 3D simulation of dust-loading behavior and clogging process of coarse nonwoven filter media considering collision effect

The filter lifetime of fibrous media is important for the energy-saving application of air filters and efficient delivery of clean air. The clogging process significantly affects the dust-loading behavior of fibrous filter media. Therefore, an effective methodology for determining the deposition of dust particles inside filter structures is necessary. This study conducted numerical dust loading simulations on a three-dimensional (3D) X-ray tomographic structure of coarse nonwoven filter media. Spherical particles with a density of 1808 kg/m3 were used in the simulations instead of plate-like dust particles with a higher silica density. A high-fidelity simulation model was successfully developed by considering collision effects. Key factors were determined, including the Hamaker constant for the adhesion energy, restitution coefficient for the particle kinetic energy, and sliding motion. Remarkably, the deviation between the simulated and experimental dust holding capacity was less than 1 %. The developed simulation model enabled a quantitative evaluation of the clogging process and 3D in-situ evolution of particle deposition and pore structures. It was observed that 95.6 % of the maximum deposited dust mass within the fibrous structure was captured at the clogging point. Several computational methods yielded accurate pore size evaluations and clear 3D pore structure visualizations. The developed methodology for high-fidelity simulation and 3D analysis can be further applied to other two-phase filtration and separation fields, including aerosol filtration, coalescence filtration, membrane fouling, micro/nanoplastic capture, and oil/water separation.

Simulation and experimental study of heat-moisture-solute transfer during drying process of porous media

Fruits and vegetables, being typical porous media, allow for the migration of nutrients (solutes) and the transport of moisture simultaneously during the drying process. To reveal the migration mechanism of heat-moisture-solute during the drying process of porous media, a comprehensive mathematical model was established that accounts for the coupled phenomena of heat and moisture transfer, along with solute migration. The model was simulated using COMSOL to provide insights into these complex interactions. Hot-air drying experiments were conducted using apple slices as the subject to validate the accuracy and reliability of the model. The simulation results and experimental results of temperature, moisture content, and sugar concentration were in good agreement. The findings demonstrate that as the drying process progresses, the interface between temperature, moisture gradients, and sugar concentration shifts from the outer layers toward the inner regions. We investigated the effects of hot air temperature, thickness, and porosity on the heat-moisture-solute transfer in porous media. The results provide support for accurately predicting the migration and transport mechanisms of solutes in porous media.

Multiscale Porosity Microfluidics to Study Bacterial Transport in Heterogeneous Chemical Landscapes.

Microfluidic models are proving to be powerful systems to study fundamental processes in porous media, due to their ability to replicate topologically complex environments while allowing detailed, quantitative observations at the pore scale. Yet, while porous media such as living tissues, geological substrates, or industrial systems typically display a porosity that spans multiple scales, most microfluidic models to date are limited to a single porosity or a small range of pore sizes. Here, a novel microfluidic system with multiscale porosity is presented. By embedding polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel structures through in-situ photopolymerization in a landscape of microfabricated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pillars with varying spacing, micromodels with porosity spanning several orders of magnitude, from nanometers to millimeters are created. Experiments conducted at different porosity patterns demonstrate the potential of this approach to characterize fundamental and ubiquitous biological and geochemical transport processes in porous media. Accounting for multiscale porosity allows studies of the resulting heterogeneous fluid flow and concentration fields of transported chemicals, as well as the biological behaviors associated with this heterogeneity, such as bacterial chemotaxis. This approach brings laboratory studies of transport in porous media a step closer to their natural counterparts in the environment, industry, and medicine.

The role of the antennal glands and gills in acid-base regulation and ammonia excretion of a marine osmoconforming brachyuran

The excretory mechanisms of stenohaline marine osmoconforming crabs are often compared to those of the more extensively characterized euryhaline osmoregulating crabs. These comparisons may have limitations, given that unlike euryhaline brachyurans the gills of stenohaline marine osmoconformers possess ion-leaky paracellular pathways and lack the capacity to undergo ultrastructural changes that can promote ion-transport processes in dilute media. Furthermore, the antennal glands of stenohaline marine osmoconformers are poorly characterized making it difficult to determine what role urinary processes play in excretion. In the presented study, ammonia excretory processes as well as related acid-base equivalent transport rates and mechanisms were investigated in the Dungeness crab, Metacarcinus magister – an economically valuable stenohaline marine osmoconforming crab. Isolated and perfused gills were found to predominantly eliminate ammonia through a microtubule network-dependent active NH4+ transport mechanism that is likely performed by cells lining the arterial pockets of the gill lamella where critical Na+/K+-ATPase detection was observed. The V-type H+-ATPase – a vital component to transbranchial ammonia excretion mechanisms of euryhaline crabs - was not found to contribute significantly to ammonia excretion; however, this may be due to the transporter's unexpected apical localization. Although unconnected to ammonia excretion rates, a membrane-bound isoform of carbonic anhydrase was localized to the apical and basolateral membranes of lamella suited for respiration. Urine was found to contain significantly less ammonia as well as carbonate species than the hemolymph, indicating that unlike those of some euryhaline crabs the antennal glands of the Dungeness crab reabsorb these molecules rather than eliminate them for excretion.

Electrospun PCL Filtration Membranes Enhanced with an Electrosprayed Lignin Coating to Control Wettability and Anti-Bacterial Properties.

This study reports on the two-step manufacturing process of a filtration media obtained by first electrospinning a layer of polycaprolactone (PCL) non-woven fibers onto a paper filter backing and subsequently coating it by electrospraying with a second layer made of pure acidolysis lignin. The manufacturing of pure lignin coatings by solution electrospraying represents a novel development that requires fine control of the underlying electrodynamic processing. The effect of increasing deposition time on the lignin coating was investigated for electrospray time from 2.5 min to 120 min. Microstructural and physical characterization included SEM, surface roughness analysis, porosity tests, permeability tests by a Gurley densometer, ATR-FTIR analysis, and contact angle measurements vs. both water and oil. The results indicate that, from a functional viewpoint, such a natural coating endowed the membrane with an amphiphilic behavior that enabled modulating the nature of the bare PCL non-woven substrate. Accordingly, the intrinsic hydrophobic behavior of bare PCL electrospun fibers could be reduced, with a marked decrease already for a thin coating of less than 50 nm. Instead, the wettability of PCL vs. apolar liquids was altered in a less predictable manner, i.e., producing an initial increase of the oil contact angles (OCA) for thin lignin coating, followed by a steady decrease in OCA for higher densities of deposited lignin. To highlight the effect of the lignin type on the results, two grades of oak (AL-OA) of the Quercus cerris L. species and eucalyptus (AL-EU) of the Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh species were compared throughout the investigation. All grades of lignin yielded coatings with measurable antibacterial properties, which were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, yielding superior results for AL-EU. Remarkably, the lignin coatings did not change overall porosity but smoothed the surface roughness and allowed modulating air permeability, which is relevant for filtration applications. The findings are relevant for applications of this abundant biopolymer not only for filtration but also in biotechnology, health, packaging, and circular economy applications in general, where the reuse of such natural byproducts also brings a fundamental demanufacturing advantage.

Relations of the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with the mass media and the means of increasing the effectiveness of information and propaganda work

The object of the study is public relations that develop in the process of interaction between the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the mass media. The subject of the article is the rights and responsibilities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the media sphere, practical aspects of their implementation in the process of administrative activities of the police. The rights granted by the legislator allow the Ministry for the proactive formation of the information agenda. The novelty of the research is expressed in the results and conclusions obtained. For the first time in domestic jurisprudence, a classification of the rights and duties of the police implemented in the media sphere has been developed, and a criterion has been identified that served as the basis for the classification. The current legal instruments and their importance in media communications have been analyzed. Information and business letters, previously overlooked by researchers, have been considered as an institution for forming partnership relations with the media. Evidence has been presented of the need to follow professional ethical standards and the editorial board's interest in observing them. Practical recommendations aimed at forming truly partnership relations with the media have been proposed. A promising topic for further study has been identified, namely, the development of a methodology for responding to negative, untrue aspects of police activity demonstrated in films. The results obtained are intended for use in practical activities by specialists of media relations departments and heads of territorial internal affairs bodies. The implementation of rights and responsibilities allows the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to act as a full-fledged subject of the media sphere, manage media processes, and solve a wide range of operational and service tasks.

Wave processes in media with cylindrical surfaces under rigid contact

Wave processes in media with cylindrical surfaces under rigid contact

Breaking the Fifth Wall: Two Studies of the Effects of Observing Interpersonal Communication with Content Creators on YouTube.

Two studies were conducted to test the convergence of mass and interpersonal media processes and their effects on YouTube. The first study examined the influence of interpersonal interactions on video enjoyment. The results indicated that positive comment valence affected participants' identification with the content creator, which then affected enjoyment of the video. To investigate the effects of convergence from a macro-level perspective, the second study tracked and recorded data from 32 YouTube videos for 34 days and recorded the following data for each video: number of views, likes, and comments/responses. The results indicated that the more content creators and users interact, the more likes the video receives. However, user-to-user interactions are associated with a decrease in the number of likes a video receives.

Unveiling the Essential Parameters Driving Mineral Reactions during CO2 Storage in Carbonate Aquifers through Proxy Models

Numerical simulation is a commonly employed technique for studying carbon dioxide (CO2) storage processes in porous media, particularly saline aquifers. It enables the representation of diverse trapping mechanisms and the assessment of CO2 retention capacity within the subsurface. The intricate physicochemical phenomena involved necessitate the incorporation of multiphase flow, accurate depiction of fluid and rock properties, and their interactions. Among these factors, geochemical reaction rates and mechanisms are pivotal for successful CO2 trapping in carbonate reactive rocks. However, research on kinetic parameters and the influence of lithology on CO2 storage remains limited. This limitation is partly due to the challenges faced in laboratory experiments, where the time scale of the reactions and the lack of in situ conditions hinder accurate measurement of mineral reaction rates. This study employs proxy models constructed using response surfaces calibrated with simulation results to address uncertainties associated with geochemical reactions. Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to explore a broader range of parameters and identify influential factors affecting CO2 mineralization. The findings indicate that an open database containing kinetic parameters can support uncertainty assessment. Additionally, the proxy models effectively represent objective functions related to CO2 injectivity and mineralization, with calcite dissolution playing a predominant role. pH, calcite concentration, and CO2 injection rate significantly impact dolomite precipitation, while quartz content remains unaffected.

Design formation of a transmedia project

The modern media sphere is changing under the influence of socio-cultural, technical, technological and media processes. The article studies such a phenomenon of the media sphere as transmedia, which is characterized by the nonlinearity and hybridity of audiovisual forms. It is a new key feature of the media sphere and makes significant changes to screen art. As a result of the research, foreign theory and practice of forming the design of transmedia projects have been studied. The possibilities of using foreign experience in Russian conditions have been determined. Recommendations given for conducting a transmedia project in various areas have been, including improving the transmedia narrative in its basic concept using a systematic approach. The developed recommendation and methodological base for the formation of the design of transmedia projects has been practice-oriented. This method is aimed at solving problems, at the practical implementation of this approach to the implementation of transmedia projects. The recommendations demonstrate the need for narrative knowledge within the framework of a transmedia narrative, allowing users to engage and be motivated by a transmedia narrative, rather than simply distributing content through media channels. The possibility of using classical elements of an integrated approach to the formation of the design of a transmedia narrative in the transmedia approach has been investigated.

Enhancing Heat Transfer: Unraveling the Dynamics of Mixed Convection in a Vertical Porous Cavity

Mixed convection inside a vertical square porous cavity is investigated numerically, with special attention given to left-side heating. In the study, the importance of the problem, methods used, main results, conclusions, and novelty of the work are discussed. The Brinkmann-Forchheimer-Darcy coupled momentum equations and the Local Thermal Equilibrium energy (LTE) equation are solved using the finite volume technique. Several elemental parameters are investigated, including Reynolds number (50 × Re × 300), Darcy number (0.01 × Da × 100), Richardson number (0 × Ri × 30), and porosity (0.5 × ε ≥ 0.95). The thermal conductivity ratio of solid to liquid was (1<Kr<105), and the inlet port width between (0.05<d/H<0.3). Results show that Nusselt number increases with Reynolds number, Richardson number, and pore thermal conductivity. With increasing porosity, an inverse relationship was observed. Nusselt number was maximized by finding the optimal inlet aperture size (d/H = 0.25). It provides valuable insights into how different parameters affect mixed convection in vertical square porous cavities. Heat transfer processes in porous media are improved by these results. This work goes beyond previous efforts in the literature in exploring a wide parameter space and determining the optimal inlet aperture size.

Micro‐Continuum Modeling: An Hybrid‐Scale Approach for Solving Coupled Processes in Porous Media

AbstractMicro‐continuum models are versatile and powerful approaches for simulating coupled processes in two‐scale porous systems. Initially oriented for modeling static single‐phase flow in microtomography images with sub‐voxel porosity, the concept has been extended over the years to multi‐phase flow, reactive transport, and poromechanics. This paper introduces an integrated micro‐continuum framework to model coupled processes in porous media. It reviews state‐of‐the‐art models and discusses applications in geosciences including Digital Rock Physics with sub‐voxel porosity, moving fluid‐solid interface at the pore‐scale due to geochemical reactions, fracture‐matrix interactions, and solid deformation. Finally, the paper discusses future developments in micro‐continuum models.

Projection–Subtraction X-ray Imaging Scheme for Studying Fast Fluid-Dynamics Processes in Porous Media

Projection–Subtraction X-ray Imaging Scheme for Studying Fast Fluid-Dynamics Processes in Porous Media

P3D-BRNS v1.0.0: a three-dimensional, multiphase, multicomponent, pore-scale reactive transport modelling package for simulating biogeochemical processes in subsurface environments

Abstract. The porous microenvironment of soil offers various environmental functions which are governed by physical and reactive processes. Understanding reactive transport processes in porous media is essential for many natural systems (soils, aquifers, aquatic sediments or subsurface reservoirs) or technological processes (water treatment or ceramic and fuel cell technologies). In particular, in the vadose zone of the terrestrial subsurface the spatially and temporally varying saturation of the aqueous and the gas phase leads to systems that involve complex flow and transport processes as well as reactive transformations of chemical compounds in the porous material. To describe these interacting processes and their dynamics at the pore scale requires a well-suited modelling framework accounting for the proper description of all relevant processes at a high spatial resolution. Here we present P3D-BRNS as a new open-source modelling toolbox harnessing the core libraries of OpenFOAM and coupled externally to the Biogeochemical Reaction Network Simulator (BRNS). The native OpenFOAM volume-of-fluid solver is extended to have an improved representation of the fluid–fluid interface. The solvers are further developed to couple the reaction module which can be tailored for a specific reactive transport simulation. P3D-RBNS is benchmarked against three different flow and reactive transport processes: (1) fluid–fluid configuration in a capillary corner, (2) mass transfer across the fluid–fluid interface and (3) microbial growth with a high degree of accuracy. Our model allows for simulation of the spatio-temporal distribution of all biochemical species in the porous structure (obtained from μ-CT images), for conditions that are commonly found in the laboratory and environmental systems. With our coupled computational model, we provide a reliable and efficient tool for simulating multiphase, reactive transport in porous media.

Drying in nanoporous media with Kelvin effect: Capillary imbibition against evaporation by smoothed particle hydrodynamics method

Understanding drying processes in nanoporous media is of great importance in many technological and industrial situations. To better understand how gas moves through clayey rocks, of interest for underground disposal of radioactive wastes, we propose using pore-scale direct numerical simulations. In this study, we use the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method, which has proved to be an effective approach for simulating complex fluid dynamics within porous media at the nanoscale. Our simulations consider capillary-dominated two-phase flow with evaporation and condensation at liquid–gas interfaces, coupled to the diffusion of water vapor in the gas phase, as well as the Kelvin effect, which is a specific feature of nanopores. Our evaporation-condensation model is validated against analytical solutions. The size of the compact support of kernel function and the particle density required to obtain accurate and stable results of capillary pressure are investigated. Drying regimes, capillary-driven and evaporated-driven, are explored. A specific effort is made to highlight the influence of the Kelvin effect on desaturation and the creation of preferential paths for gas flow as well as its impact on drying rate. The role of condensation due to local vapor concentration conditions is also emphasized.

Pelatihan Penerapan Teknologi Mesin Cerdas Sterilisasi Media Jamur Tiram Bagi Anggota Kelompok Petani Jamur Tiram Tegal

Microbial contamination in making oyster mushroom planting media is a problem that every mushroom farmer often experiences. The main obstacle experienced by farmers is that the level of contamination in making media is still high, around 20%. This causes mushroom farmers to be reluctant to make their mushroom media (baglog). The application of intelligent machines to control the sterilization process of mushroom media controlled by a microcontroller is expected to overcome the problems experienced by farmers. The training program for making oyster mushroom media is a significant effort to support the growth and development of the oyster mushroom cultivation industry. This abstract summarizes the training program's objectives, methodology, results, and impact in increasing farmers' understanding and skills in producing high-quality media for oyster mushroom cultivation. This program aims to provide in-depth knowledge to participants, starting from mixing the composition of ingredients, the sterilization process, and the process of planting seeds (inoculation) in accordance with media-making standards. Through intensive training, participants learn the latest raw material selection, formulation, sterilization, and media packaging techniques. The training also includes hands-on media-making practice, enabling participants to master the necessary skills. In addition, this training program also allows participants to understand the importance of sustainable practices in oyster mushroom cultivation by integrating ecological aspects in media production. This helps in maintaining environmental balance and supports sustainable industrial growth.

Advanced Mathematical Modelling of Leaching Processes in Porous Media: An Averaging Approach

Advanced Mathematical Modelling of Leaching Processes in Porous Media: An Averaging Approach

Articulate Storyline Learning Media on Speed and Discharge Concepts for Elementary School

The low level of understanding among fifth-grade students in learning the concepts of speed and discharge causes difficulties in solving story problems. This research aims to develop a learning media using an Articulate Storyline for the concepts of speed and discharge in the fifth grade of SDN Krian IV. The Articulate Storyline learning media contains concepts of speed and discharge presented in a narrative form, accompanied by triggering questions and interactive quizzes. The Research and Development method with the 4D model was used, but only up to three stages: Define, Design, and Development. Time constraints were a consideration for the researcher in determining the research stages. Data collection techniques used in this research included interviews with fifth-grade teachers and questionnaires for validation. The research results are as follows: 1) the development process of Articulate Storyline learning media for the topics of speed and discharge went through several stages and product revisions; 2) the Articulate Storyline learning media for the concepts of speed and discharge meets the criteria for suitability to be used in the learning process, as indicated by the validation results from an expert in three aspects: media, content, and language assessment, all of which received the category of Very Feasible.

The role of mass media in the social orientation of the masses and social management

Relevance. The relevance of the issue of the role of mass media in social orientation and social management remains acute in view of the rapid development of information technologies and the rapid spread of social media.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to outline the modern place and role of mass media in the changing media environment, to show new phenomena and trends in the development of social media in order to identify niches in the information space where social media coexist with mass media.Methodology. The following methods were used for research � hypothetical-deductive, analysis, synthesis, etc.Results. The study showed that mass media, using modern information technology, continue to be an important source of current information, sharing this niche with social media. With the quantitative growth of social media in the news stream, their secondary function is observed in relation to socially significant issues that are asked in the mass media. The spread of social media contributes to the establishment of equality of information providers and consumers as subjects of the media process, as feedback and influence of information consumers through providers (mass media and social media) on the formation of the agenda develops. The use of dialogic communications in organizations contributed to the improvement of the effectiveness of the organizations themselves, as well as increased the responsibility of organizations for their position on current social issues, which is demanded by real and potential consumers of their goods and services through social media.Conclusions. The practical significance of this research lies in identifying the priority characteristics of mass media (reliability of information, coverage of topics relevant to society, competence in presenting information, orientation of information to the development of society) in the formation of social orientations of the population in comparison with social media.

In Situ pH Measurement in Microfluidic Porous Media Indicated by Surfaces Functionalized with Polyaniline (PAni)

Aqueous phase pH is a critical metric with significant importance in understanding reactive transport processes in porous media. At the microscale, however, traditional pH detection methods face challenges in capturing dynamic pH due to limited sample volume and sensing time. To overcome these limitations, we leveraged micro/nanofabrication techniques to create a microfluidic porous medium coated with polyaniline (PAni) on its surface. Using this innovative microfluidic design, we achieved colorimetric delineation of pH spatial distribution with fast response and robustness in porous media. By conducting coinjection tests with hydrochloric acid (pH = 2) and DI water (pH ≈ 5.8, equilibrated with air) at various flow rates and relative flow rate ratios in a sandstone-patterned microfluidic device, we observed dynamic pH changes in porous media and obtained a comprehensive understanding of the acid advection-diffusion dynamics. The results highlighted the capability of PAni to enable microscale pH sensing. This research contributes to the development of advanced porous media microfluidics and applications, particularly in mass transfer limits during reactive transport of carbon dioxide sequestration and geological hydrogen storage.