Introduction: Cemiplimab is a programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor approved in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. Despite high prevalence of CSCC, immunocompromised or immunosuppressed (IC/IS) patients have been excluded from registration studies due to potentially reduced treatment efficacy. Here, we present the safety and effectiveness of cemiplimab in IC/IS patients with advanced CSCC from a non-interventional study in the real-world setting, at 2 years’ follow-up. Methods: CASE is a phase 4, multicenter, prospective, non-interventional study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of cemiplimab in patients with advanced CSCC (NCT03836105). Data were collected from 65 United States academic and community oncology centers. Results: As of 24 March 2025, 254 patients with advanced CSCC had received ≥1 dose of intravenous cemiplimab 350 mg every 3 weeks. Of these, 42 (16.5%) patients were IC/IS. Most IC/IS patients were white (90.5%), male (76.2%), ≥65 years of age (88.1%), and had locally advanced disease (57.1%). The IC/IS patients were divided into 3 categories: with hematologic malignancies (45% - chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders, or other leukemia), immunosuppressed (33% - immune disorders or human immunodeficiency virus infection), and organ transplant recipients (22% - kidney, liver, or pancreas). Median duration of exposure was 43.9 weeks. Objective response rate was achieved in 45.2% of patients, with 23.8% having a complete response. Median progression-free survival was similar in IC/IS vs non-IC/IS patients, at 14.6 and 15.7 months, respectively. Treatment-related immune-related adverse events occurred in 31.0% of patients and treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 7.1% of patients. The proportion of IC/IS patients experiencing adverse events was similar to that of the non-IC/IS population. Among the 9 transplant patients, 7 had stable transplant status and 2 had rejection episodes leading to treatment-related allograft loss. Conclusion: This analysis suggests that the safety and efficacy of cemiplimab in IC/IS patients with advanced CSCC are similar to those observed in non-IC/IS patients in this real-world study. Funding: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the surgicaloutcomes of patients with acute acquired comitant non-accommodative esotropia(AACE) with and without pre-operative prism adaptation test (PAT). Methods The records of patientsdiagnosed with AACE who underwent strabismus surgery between January 2018 andDecember 2020 were reviewed. Those who had pre-operative PAT performed by asingle surgeon and those who had surgery without PAT by another single surgeonwere included in the analysis. The surgical outcomes were compared between thetwo groups, and postoperative alignment within 8 PD was considered a surgicalsuccess. Results Thirty-six patients were included in the study; 15 underwent a 30-minute PATpre-operatively. The mean age in the PAT and non-PAT groups was 16.6 ± 7.7 years and 12.3 ± 5.8 years, respectively, and was comparable (p = .06). The meanpre-operative esotropia (40 ± 8.5PD vs 40 ± 15.6, p = .7) and medial rectusrecession (5.31 ± 0.8 mm vs 5.45 ± 0.7 mm, p = .6) were similar in both groups (p < .05). The median postoperative follow-up duration was 8 months (IQR:9.75 months). Five of 15 (33%) were prism responders (angle of deviationincreased by 10 PD). The median change in esotropia at presentation andpost-PAT was 4.5 PD (IQR: 12.5 PD). Overall surgical success was similarbetween the groups (80% vs 81%; p = .9). Only one patient in the non-PAT groupexperienced postoperative diplopia. Conclusion Surgical outcomes werecomparable, irrespective of the prism adaptation test. The prism adaptationtest did not reveal consistently higher target angles; hence, for comparabledeviation, the medial rectus recession and surgical outcomes did not differ, irrespective of whether PAT was performed pre-operatively.

Data in East Asian patients and in other epithelial skin cancers, including extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) and adnexal carcinomas, are scarce. Therefore, we conducted a phase II trial of nivolumab in Japanese patients with advanced non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). This multicentre, open-label, single-arm phase II study enrolled adults (≥ 20 years) with histologically confirmed unresectable or recurrent epithelial cutaneous malignancies, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1, and at least one measurable lesion (RECIST v1.1). Nivolumab 480mg was administered intravenously every 4 weeks for up to 26 cycles. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR; RECIST v1.1). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. Thirty-one patients were enrolled (20 cSCC, 4 EMPD, 2 BCC, 5 other NMSCs); median age was 73 years (range 58-86), and 71% were male. ORR by BICR was 22.6% (7/31), and the disease control rate was 54.8% (17/31). Responses were durable, with a median duration of 21.3 months. In the cSCC cohort, median tumour mutational burden (TMB) was 9.0 mut/Mb, lower than in Western series; among three patients with TMB ≥ 30 mut/Mb, two achieved objective responses. Common adverse events included pyrexia, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and pruritus. Nivolumab showed durable antitumour activity with manageable toxicity in Japanese patients with advanced NMSCs, including rare non-cSCC. The lower ORR compared with Western trials may reflect intrinsic biological differences and support biomarker-driven, region-specific immunotherapy. jRCT2031190048; registered 2 July 2019.

Three-year efficacy of the urethral bulking agent BULKAMID®™ for treatment of stress or mixed urinary incontinence: A bi-center retrospective study.

Tucatinib and trastuzumab emtansine for patients with previously treated HER2-positive locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer: primary analysis of the randomized phase III trial HER2CLIMB-02.

Plasma neurofilament light chain in pediatric hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Peritumoral edema on preoperative breast MRI is associated with reduced disease-free survival in young women with breast cancer.

Multi-omics study identifies diagnostic metabolic signatures of early Parkinson's disease associated with dysregulated glutathione and TCA cycle metabolism.

BackgroundSeptoplasty is a common cause of nasal septal perforation (NSP), especially when bilateral apposing septal mucosal tears (BATs) occur intraoperatively. While prior studies have largely focused on NSP management once formed, there is limited evidence on how to prevent NSPs should BATs occur during septal surgery.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of intraseptal synthetic interposition graft (SIG) placement to prevent NSPs following BATs during septal surgery.MethodsA single-institution retrospective cohort study was conducted with adult patients who underwent septoplasty or septorhinoplasty by 2 surgeons. Patients who had BATs intraoperatively had SIGs placed between the septal flaps (cadaveric acellular dermal or porcine collagen grafts). Patients were monitored endoscopically for NSP development at a minimum of 2 months postoperatively.ResultsOf 1132 operative patients between January 2016 and July 2024, 50 patients (4.4%) experienced BATs and had SIGs placed intraoperatively. Of the 50 patients, the median age was 52.7 years, 72.0% were males, and the median follow-up duration was 4.8 months (range: 2.0-85.4). Regarding the SIGs placed, 54.0% were porcine collagen and 46.0% were cadaveric dermis. While 46/50 patients experienced complete mucosalization of their BATs (92.0%), 4 developed NSPs postoperatively (8.0%). Two NSPs occurred within 2 months postoperatively, and 2 were delayed after complete mucosalization. All NSPs occurred following porcine collagen grafts.ConclusionIntraseptal synthetic IP graft placement demonstrated 92% success in preventing NSPs following BATs during septal surgery. Future studies should explore the efficacy of different SIGs at preventing NSPs following BATs during septal surgery.

Midlife obesity is a known risk factor for cognitive impairment, whereas its association in late life is complex, giving rise to the concept of the 'obesity paradox.' The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), an indicator reflecting central obesity, has recently emerged. However, evidence regarding the association between WWI and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults remains scarce. This study explores WWI's association with cognitive decline in older adults, addressing gaps in central obesity's role in neurocognitive health. A total of 5001 older adults aged ≥65 years with normal cognition from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were included in this longitudinal analysis, with a median follow-up duration of 4 years. A time-varying Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between WWI, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and incident cognitive impairment. Nonlinear correlations were investigated using restricted-cubic-spline curves. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to enhance the robustness of findings. The incidence of cognitive impairment across the four WWI quartile groups (Q1-Q4) was 6.7%, 7.8%, 9.3% and 13.4%, respectively. WWI was positively associated with incident cognitive impairment, whether treated as a continuous variable (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.06-1.23) or a categorised variable (Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.29-2.24; Q3 vs. Q1: HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.08-1.90) in models adjusted for multiple covariates. WC showed a similar trend, while BMI demonstrated no significant association. Associations persisted across subgroups and sensitivity analyses. Elevated WWI and WC, but not BMI, were significantly associated with an increased risk of incident cognitive impairment. The findings suggested that WWI may be a more precise indicator of the association between obesity and cognitive impairment.

Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of sarilumab in preventing radiographic progression. This study investigated the structural remission rate and factors associated with radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with sarilumab in clinical practice. Of 114 patients treated with sarilumab across four centers, 59 with radiographic assessments at baseline and Week 52 were included. Radiographic progression was assessed using the van der Heijde-modified Total Sharp score (mTSS). Patients were divided into methotrexate (MTX) + and MTX - groups; the structural remission rate (ΔmTSS ≤ 0.5) and associated factors were analyzed. The median age was 69.0years, median disease duration 10.0years, mean disease activity score 28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate 4.94, and median modified Health Assessment Questionnaire 0.5, with no differences between groups. Baseline median erosion score was 21.0, joint space narrowing score was 22.0, and mTSS was 37.0. At Week 52, the mean changes were: erosion 0.33, joint space narrowing score 0.18, and mTSS 0.51, with a structural remission rate of 78.0%, 82.4% for the MTX + group, and 76.2% for the MTX - group. The mean change in joint space narrowing score was higher in the MTX - group (0.42) than in the MTX + group (- 0.20) (p = 0.038). Baseline glucocorticoid (GC) use was associated with radiographic progression (odds ratio, 13.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.51-68.9; p = 0.002). Sarilumab was associated with limited radiographic progression in patients with RA in clinical practice. Associations with MTX use and baseline GC exposure should be interpreted cautiously given the observational design. Key Points • This study reports the structural remission rate and factors associated with radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with sarilumab in clinical practice. • The structural remission rate for sarilumab was 78.0%. The change in the joint space narrowing score was significantly higher in the MTX- group (0.42 ± 1.34) compared with the MTX + group (- 0.20 ± 1.22). • Glucocorticoid use was associated with radiographic progression at 52weeks (odds ratio, 13.1).

Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Stenting for Complicated Cholecystitis in Patients With Cirrhosis and High Surgical Risk: An Observational Study.

To report the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapy in stage 2 familial exudative vitreoretinopathy diagnosed under 3 months of age, and to present the first evidence of continued peripheral vascular growth and its influencing factors. This retrospective, consecutive study included 24 eyes (14 patients) between January 1, 2017, and December 1, 2024. Outcome measures were the response to anti-VEGF treatment and the vascular growth assessed by disc-vascularized border/disc-fovea. The median age of patients at treatment was 10.5 days, with a median follow-up duration of 22 months. Nineteen (79%) eyes showed "Regression" and 3 (13%) demonstrated "Persistence." Among them, six eyes received additional laser photocoagulation. The remaining two (8%) eyes showed "Progression" and underwent lens-sparing vitrectomy. The generalized estimating equations model revealed that retinal vessels continued to grow progressively after treatment (β = 0.0010; 95% confidence intervals, 0.0005-0.0014; P < 0.001). The segmented mixed model demonstrated that the relative disc-vascularized border/disc-fovea ratio increased at a rate of 0.004 per week (95% confidence intervals, 0.0023-0.0056) until 35.4 weeks posttreatment. Anti-VEGF therapy may effectively regress the high vascular activity of stage 2 early-diagnosed familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and may promote continued vascular growth toward the periphery.

Association of accelerometer-measured rest-activity rhythm patterns and parameters with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in older adults: Population-based cohort study.

Transaxillary First Rib Resection in Pediatric Patients with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

Fecal calprotectin (fCal) and fecal myeloperoxidase (fMPO) have been proposed as biomarkers for monitoring inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, their reliability is not fully established. This study investigated clinical variables associated with the loss of accuracy of fecal biomarkers. Post hoc analyses were performed on previously reported data (New indicators of disease activity in IBD (NIDA-IBD) cohort), which examined fecal biomarkers in individuals with IBD undergoing colonoscopy. Positive and negative results were recorded using previously identified thresholds (fCal, 150 μg/g; fMPO, 8 μg/g). Univariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify clinical variables (patient demographics, disease location and duration, symptoms and medication use) associated with false-positive and false-negative results. Subgroup analyses (Mann-Whitney U test) were performed to establish if the presence of colonic pseudopolyps was associated with fCal and fMPO concentrations in those with endoscopically inactive disease. One hundred and seventy individuals from the NIDA-IBD cohort were included for analyses (CD, n = 98; female, n = 90; median disease duration 13 years). No clinical variables investigated were associated with a false positive or false negative result. Pseudopolyp presence was not associated with fCal or fMPO concentrations in those with endoscopically inactive disease. Positive and negative predictive values were higher using fecal biomarkers in combination with symptom scores than using symptom scores alone in predicting/excluding endoscopic activity. No clinical variables were found to be associated with loss of biomarker accuracy, including fecal myeloperoxidase at widely used thresholds. Fecal biomarkers improved prediction of disease activity.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening, rare and severe mucocutaneous disease. Almost all cases are drug-induced. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, etiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data of TEN and to determine the predictive factors of mortality. A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted within the intensive burn care department over a period of 15 years, including all hospitalized cases of TEN. During the study period, 81 were included. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0,68. The mean age was 41±15 years. None of the patients had history of drug allergy. Almost 95% of patients had a comorbidity. Self-medication was observed in 27% of cases. The most frequently implicated drugs were anticonvulsants (37%), antibiotics (21%) and hypouricemic agents (18,5%). The mean time to onset after drug administration was 8 days. The median detached skin surface (DSS) was 40% [30-50]. Mucous membrane was affected in all cases. The main principles of symptomatic therapy include treatment of associated organ dysfunctions and local mucocutaneous treatment. Mechanical ventilation was required in 50% of cases. Evolution was favorable in 42 patients (52%). The median hospital stay was 9 [5-14] days and the median duration of mechanical ventilation was 3 [1-8] days. The mortality rate was 48%. In multivariate study, predictive mortality factors were age >43 years, DSS >39%, ICU admission time >5,5 days, mechanical ventilation requirement and infection occurrence.

736 Background: EV is an antibody–drug conjugate approved for aUC after chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cutaneous toxicity is the most frequent adverse event (AE) of EV, but the correlation between cutaneous toxicity and treatment efficacy based on standardized FDG-PET computed tomography (CT) assessment has not yet been established. Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, data from patients (pts) with aUC treated with more than one dose of EV after platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy between September 2021 and August 2025 were analyzed. Treatment response was assessed by FDG-PET performed 3 months after treatment initiation. All the PET CT scans were reviewed in a blinded fashion by two readers using standardized criteria. The aim of this study was to establish a correlation between EV-related cutaneous toxicity and metabolic response. Results: Seventy-four pts were included. The median age of the population was 69.5 years, 86.5 % were male. Lymph-nodes were the most common site of metastasis (68.9%). Starting dose of EV was 1.25 mg/kg for 83.8% of the pts. The overall metabolic response on FDG-PET CT was 55.4% (41 pts), with a median duration of response of 5.23 (3.73–8.00) months. EV-related cutaneous toxicity occurred in 42 pts (56.8%), predominantly grade 1 (73.8%) and grade 2 (21.4%). No grade 4 or 5 AEs were reported. Logistic regression confirmed a correlation between cutaneous toxicity and metabolic response (Odds Ratio 8.17; 95% CI 2.87–23.32; p &lt; 0.001). Among the 14 pts that achieved a metabolic complete response (CR), 13 experienced cutaneous toxicity (7 pts grade 1 and 4 pts grade 2). Two pts with grade 3 toxicity achieved CR. Progression-free survival was also significantly longer in pts with cutaneous toxicity (7.45 vs. 4.51 months; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: These findings support a correlation between EV-related cutaneous toxicity in urothelial carcinoma and metabolic response on FDG-PET. These data should be confirmed in prospective trials.

Hyperbilirubinemia monitoring program in infants ≥ 35 weeks: a Brazilian quality improvement study.

Association of oral contraceptive use with mortality: Findings from NHANES.